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专题一 阅读理解 第3课时 字斟句酌-驾驭推理判断类题目题组一体验真题Passage 1体裁：夹叙夹议文话题：父母照顾孙子现象词数：277时间：6(2016全国卷，B)Grandparents Answer a CallAs a thirdgeneration native of Brownsville，Texas，Mildred Garza never planned to move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children，she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Garza finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities. No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obamas motherinlaw，Marian Robinson，has agreed to leave Chicago and move into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study of grandparents. com，83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinsons decision will influence grandparents in the American family.Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough and fast enough to prove we could do it on our own，”says Christine Crosby，publisher of Grand magazine for grandparents. “We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them，especially when youre raising children.”Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices，but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard，especially knowing your adult child is struggling，but giving up the life you know may be harder.【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。介绍了父母为了帮助孩子照顾其子女而搬家至他们很近的地方或与他们住在一起这一现象。1Why was Garzas move a success?AIt strengthened her family ties.BIt improved her living conditions.CIt enabled her make more friends.DIt helped her know more new places.答案A推理判断题。由第一段“.regard the move as a success，giving them a closer relationship.”一句可知，Garza一家子孙三代住在一起，加强了家人之间的纽带。因此答案为A。2What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinsons decision?A17% expressed their support for it.BFew people responded sympathetically.C83% believed it had a bad influence.DThe majority thought it was a trend.答案D推理判断题。由“Twothirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family”不难看出，多数人认为这是一种趋势。3What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?AThey were unsure of themselves.BThey were eager to raise more children.CThey wanted to live away from their parents.DThey had little respect for their grandparent.答案C事实细节题。由第三段首句可知，人们急切地想挣脱父母的束缚来证明自己能独立行事。因此C为正确答案。4What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?AMake decisions in the best interests of their ownBAsk their children to pay more visits to themCSacrifice for their struggling childrenDGet to know themselves better答案A推理判断题。本段首句即为主题句。由接下来的解释可知，祖父母不可盲从，要视自己的兴趣做出相应的抉择。故答案为A。Passage 2体裁：记叙文话题：拼装玩具的魔力词数：278时间：6(2016全国卷，B)Five years ago，when I taught art at a school in Seattle，I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student，and said：“Make something out of the Tinkertoys.You have 45 minutes todayand 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start.They waited to see the rest of the class would do.Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided.Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time.His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home.I was delighted at the presence of such a student.Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downsideI ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.Without fail one would declare，“But Im just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when youre asleep？”“Oh，sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative.Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads.“Thats pretty creative.Who does that for you？”“Nobody.I do it.”“Reallyat night，when youre asleep？”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime，in class，okay？”【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是作为老师，作者让学生拼装玩具是为了更多地了解他们，从中发现并激励他们的创造力。5The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to_Aknow more about the studentsBmake the lessons more excitingCraise the students interest in artDteach the students about toy design答案A推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，拼装玩具时，有些学生看别人如何行动，有些学生查看了使用说明并根据模型拼装。而另外一些学生则根据自己的想象力进行。由此可判断出作者这么做是为了对学生的情况有更多的了解。6What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?AHe liked to help his teacher.BHe preferred to study alone.CHe was active in class.DHe was imaginative.答案D细节判断题。根据第三段中的Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work.可知，他是一个很有创造力的人。7What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?AMistake. BDrawback.CDifficulty. DBurden.答案B词义猜测题。画线句为段落主题句。结合后面的句子I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.我冒着有可能失去那些思维方式不同的学生的危险，可判断出激励的教育方式也有缺点。drawback缺点，符合语境。8Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?ATo help them to see their creativity.BTo find out about their sleeping habits.CTo help them to improve their memory.DTo find out about their ways of thinking.答案A推理判断题。根据最后的对话内容可知，作者让孩子们谈论他们那些富有想象力的梦想，是为了帮助他们看到自己的创造力。Passage 3体裁：议论文话题：精神咖啡馆词数：315时间：7(2015全国卷，C)Conflict is on the menu tonight at the cafe La Chope.This evening，as on every Thursday night，psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of Frances favorite pastimes，coffee drinking and the “talking cure”Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings.It isnt always easy.The customerssome thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per sessionare quick to intellectualize (高谈阔论)，slow to open up and connect.“You are forbidden to say one feels， or people think，”Lehanne told them.“Say I think， Think me”A cafe society where no intellectualizing is allowed？It couldnt seem more unFrench.But Lehannes psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself：Its trying to help the citys troubled neighborhood cafes.Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestylelonger working hours，a fastfood boom and a younger generations desire to spend more time at home.Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation.Cafes focused around psychology，history，and engineering are catching on，filling tables well into the evening.The citys “psychology cafes”，which offer great comfort，are among the most popular places.Middleaged homemakers，retirees，and the unemployed come to such cafes to talk about love，anger and dreams with a psychologist.And they come to Lehannes group just to learn to say what they feel.“Theres a strong need in Paris for communication，”says Maurice Frisch，a cafe La Chope regular who works as a religious instructor in a nearby church.“People have few real friends.And they need to open up.”Lehanne says shed like to see psychology cafes all over France.“If people had normal lives，these cafes wouldnt exist，”she says，“If life werent a battle，people wouldnt need a special place just to speak.”But then，it wouldnt be France.【语篇解读】这是一篇议论文。作者从La Chope咖啡馆的经营特色谈起，介绍了巴黎的一些主题咖啡馆经营理念的变化及其大受欢迎的原因。9What are people encouraged to do at the cafe La Chope?ALearn a new subject. BKeep in touch with friends.CShow off their knowledge. DExpress their true feelings.答案D推理判断题。根据短文第一段第二句可知，顾客在这里可以学着与他们内心的真实情感取得联系。亦即将自己的真实情感表达出来。故答案为D。10How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes?AThey are less frequently visited.BThey stay open for longer hours.CThey have bigger night crowds.DThey start to serve fast food.答案A推理判断题。由第二段“Over the years，Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle.”一句可知，在过去的几年里，巴黎咖啡馆的生意因法国人的生活方式的变化而受损。由此可以推断，人们不再那么频繁地光顾咖啡馆了。因此答案为A。11What are theme cafes expected to do?ACreate more jobs. BSupply better drinks.CSave the cafe business. DServe the neighborhood.答案C推理判断题。第二段最末两句所传达的信息是：许多主题咖啡馆似乎要改变这种状况。那些聚焦心理、历史和工程的咖啡馆大受欢迎，顾客盈门。据此可以判断这些咖啡馆是想通过改变管理理念挽回惨淡的生意。因此答案为C。12Why are psychology cafes becoming popular in Paris?AThey bring people true friendship.BThey give people spiritual support.CThey help people realize their dreams.DThey offer a platform for business links.答案B推理判断题。根据短文最后一段的前两句可知，料理家务的中年人、退休及失业人员来到这些心理咖啡馆，敞开心扉，与心理专家谈论爱恨情仇，以期获得精神上的支持。offer great comfort(提供慰藉)为解答本题的关键信息。因此答案选B。Passage 4体裁：记叙文话题：历史故事词数：340时间：7(2016四川卷，C)In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest，there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people.Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.And yet，people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946.In theory，they should live by the French law.However，their remote locations mean that the French Law is often ignored or unknown，thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area，which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest，with half its population of only 250，000 living in its capital，Cayenne.“I have a special love for the French Guianese people.I have worked there on and off for almost ten years，” says Gin.“Ive been able to keep firm friendships with them.Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment.I dont see it as a lawless land.But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life，” continues Gin.“I prefer to work in black and white，which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”His blackandwhite pictures present a world almost lost in time.These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for.These local citizens now have to balance their traditional selfsupporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，which brings with it not only necessary state welfare，but also alcoholism，betrayal and even suicide.【语篇解读】法属圭亚那是法国领土的一部分，那里由一套单独适用该地的“法律”机制在运行，而这套规则并不是大家所看到的由法国统一颁布的法律。一位叫Gin的法国人记录了那里的生活状况，Gin拍摄的作品非常有张力和一种历史深邃感。13Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?AThey seldom follow the French law.BThey often ignore the Guianese law.CThey are separated from the modern world.DThey are both Guianese and French citizens.答案A细节理解题。由文章第一段第二句“Surprisingly，these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.”可知作者对这些土著人“无法无天”感到惊讶。14Gin introduces the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _Aa tour guide Ba geographerCa film director Da photographer答案D推理判断题。根据第四段“ I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life”可知，Gin是作为一名摄影师来记录土著人的生活的。15What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the indigenous Guianese?ACautious. BDoubtful.CUninterested. DAppreciative.答案D推理判断题。根据第三段“I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”可知Gin对土著人的生活的评价是积极的，他在那里长时间拍摄并对法属圭亚那人有深厚的感情。16What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to?AThe modern French lifestyle.BThe selfsupporting world.CThe uncivilized hunting.DThe French Republic.答案A代词指代题。代词it指代前面提到的the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic，因此选A。Passage 5体裁：说明文话题：求生词数：340时间：7(2015北京卷，A)The Boy Made It!On Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine.In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area.Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path.Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone！He didnt have food, water, a phone, or other supplies.He was getting colder by the minute.Nicholas had no idea where he was.He tried not to panic.He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV.It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.He decided to stop skiing.There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed out.The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow.If he didnt, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave.He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle.Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry.He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldnt lose too much water.Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he couldhe huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldnt find anyone.He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night.On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help.He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV.He had often watched Grylls survival show Man vs.Wild. Thats where he learned the tips that saved his life.In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.When Grylls heard about Nicholas amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了十几岁的青少年Nicholas 在滑雪时遭遇暴风雪迷了路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。17What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon?AHe got lost. BHe broke his skis.CHe hurt his eyes. DHe caught a cold.答案A细节理解题。由第一段Before he knew it，Nicholas was lost，all alone！可知Nicholas在滑雪时突遇暴风雪而迷路。选A。18How did Nicholas keep himself warm?AHe found a shelter.BHe lighted some branches.CHe kept on skiing.DHe built a snow cave.答案D细节理解题。由第三段 Nicholas built a snow cave.和to stay as warm as he could可知，Nicholas为了保持自己体温不降低，他建了一个雪洞。选D。19On Tuesday, Nicholas _Areturned to his shelter safelyBwas saved by a searcherCgot stuck in the snowDstayed where he was答案B细节理解题。由第五段He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.可知星期二，当Nicholas走出大约一英里的地方时一位自愿搜寻者找到了他。选B。20Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he _Adid the right things in the dangerous situationBwatched Grylls TV program regularlyCcreated some tips for survivalDwas very hardworking答案A推理判断题。由最后一段最后一句he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.可知，Grylls这个人想表达Nicholas能在如此困难的情况下活下来是非常了不起的。选A。题组二尝试模拟Passage 1(2016郑州高三模拟)I first came across the concept of paywhatyoucan cafes last summer in Boone，N.C.，where I ate at FA.R.M.(Feed All Regardless of Means) Cafe.You can volunteer to earn your meal，pay the suggested price ($10) or less，or you can overpaypaying it forward for a future customers meal.My only regret after eating there was not having a chance to give my time.So as soon as Healthy World Cafe opened in York in April，I signed up for a volunteer shift (轮班)FA.R.M.and Healthy World are part of a growing trend of community cafes.In 2003，Denise Cerreta opened the first in Salt Lake City.Cerreta now runs the One World Everybody Eats Foundation，helping others copy her paywhatyoucan model.“I think the community cafe is truly a handup，not a handout，” Cerreta said.She acknowledged that soup kitchens (施粥所) have a place in society，but people typically dont feel good about going there.“One of the values of the community cafe is that we have another approach，” she said.“Everyone eats here，no one needs to know whether you volunteered，underpaid or overpaid.”The successful cafes not only address hunger and food insecurity but also become necessary parts of their neighborhoodswhether its a place to learn skills or hear live music.Some teach cooking to seniors; some offer free used books.Eating or working there is a reminder that were all in this world together.My 10：00 am.1：00 pm. shift at Healthy World Cafe began with the cafe managerone of two paid staff members.Our volunteer crew wasnt the most orderly，but we managed to prepare and serve meals with a lot of laughs in between.At the end of my shift，I ordered my earned meal at the counter，together with other volunteers.After lunch，I walked out the door，with a handful of new friends，music in my head and a satisfied belly and heart.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了时下正在兴起的社区餐馆。1What did the author do at FA.R.M.Cafe last summer?AShe worked as a volunteer.BShe overpaid for her food.CShe ate free of charge.DShe enjoyed a meal.答案D细节理解题。根据第一段的where I ate at FA.R.M.(Feed All Regardless of Means) Cafe和My only regret after eating there was not having a chance to give my time可知，作者去年在F.A.R.M.Cafe只是吃了顿饭而已。2What is the advantage of community cafes compared with soup kitchens?APeople can have free food.BPeople can maintain their dignity.CPeople can stay as long as they like.DPeople can find their places in society.答案B推理判断题。根据第三段的people typically dont feel good about going there和第四段的no one needs to know whether you volunteered，underpaid or overpaid可知，在社区餐馆人们不用担心别人怎么评判自己，与施粥所相比，他们在这里更有尊严。3Why are community cafes becoming popular in the neighborhoods?AThey bring people true friendships.BThey help to bring people together.CThey create a lot of job opportunities.DThey support local economic development.答案B推理判断题。根据第五段的become necessary parts of their neighborhoods及Eating or working there is a reminder that were all in this world together可知，社区餐馆将大家的心凝聚在一起，让人与人之间的关系更亲近。4How did the author feel about working at Healthy World Cafe?AIt paid well. BIt changed her.CIt was beneficial. DIt was easy for her.答案C推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可知，作者在这家社区餐馆做志愿工作可以交到朋友、陶醉在美妙的音乐中、享受美味的食物，身心都得到了满足，所以在此收获颇丰。Passage 2(2016南昌高三模拟)When I went away to college，I chose to go to a large school in another state in an attempt to never again see those popular girls，the ones who drove quiet girls like me headlong into the arms of dusty books.Since I didnt know a soul at this university，I volunteered for a club to make friends.Thats how I ended up one winter evening standing outside the student union，waiting for the nights famous speaker to drive up.My assignment was to escort (护送) her to the auditorium where her fans eagerly waited to hear Maya Angelou，author of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.As showtime neared，Angelous car pulled up.When its door opened，Angelou and a female friend exited，each wearing headtotoe fur coats.I nervously guided the pair inside.Angelou was ready to sweep onstage，but first，there was her fur coat.I offered to babysit it backstage to make sure it was safe.“No，” she said.She looked out at the audience.“You need to get out there and live.”So I found a frontrow seat and hear
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