高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 题型强化训练 专题一 阅读理解 第4课时 顺藤摸瓜-明辨词义猜测类题目

专题一 阅读理解 第4课时 顺藤摸瓜-明辨词义猜测类题目题组一体验真题Passage 1体裁：记叙文话题：一次非同寻常的投递词数：254 时间：6(2016全国卷，C)I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem courierSince March 2012，Ive done 89 trips of those，51 have been abroad，I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most，So I am always conscious of time.I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in Providence，Rhode Island，and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I arrived at the checkin desk at Providence，the lady on the desk said：“Well，Im really sorry，Ive got some bad news for youthere are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said：“In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patientplease，please，youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.”She just dropped everything.She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me.rerouted(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this courier job，youre consciously aware that in that box youve got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者Peter Hodes是一名干细胞快递员。他在文中讲述了遭遇飓风之后的一次非同寻常的投递经历。1Which of the following can replace the underlined word“courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor答案B词义推断题。由下文及作者在机场的经历可知，他是一名志愿者，从事干细胞递送的工作。所以答案为B。2Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours?AHe cannot stay away from his job too long.BThe donor can only wait for that long.CThe operation needs that very much.DThe ice wont last any longer.答案D事实细节题。根据“.because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.”一句可知，用于冷藏干细胞的两个冰块42小时之后就会融化，因此正确答案为D。3Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?ATo London. BTo Newark.CTo Providence. DTo Washington.答案B事实细节题。由第二段可知，由于没有飞往华盛顿的航班，航空公司为作者安排了一架小型飞机。根据“.rerouted me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than original scheduled.”一句可知答案非B莫属。Passage 2体裁：记叙文话题：一个有趣的故事词数：304时间：7(2016全国卷，B)On one of her trips to New York several years ago，Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner.They settled in at a comfortable East Slide caf and within minutes，another customer was approaching their table.“Hey，arent you from Mississippi？” the elegant，whitehaired writer remembered being asked by the stranger.“Im from Mississippi too.”Without a second thought，the woman joined the Welty party.When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.“They began telling me all the news of Mississippi，” Welty said.“I didnt know what my New York friends were thinking.”Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine.By the time the group got up to leave，it was pouring outside.Weltys new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab.Heading back downtown toward her hotel，her bigcity friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi.“My friends said: Now we believe your stories，” Welty added.“And I said: Now you know.These are the people that make me write them”Sitting on a sofa in her room，Welty，a slim figure in a simple gray dress，looked pleased with this explanation.“I dont make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I dont have to.”Beauticians，bartenders，piano players and people with purple hats，Weltys people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends，from walks through the streets of her native Jackson，Miss.，from conversations overheard on a bus.It annoys Welty that，at 78，her left ear has now given out.Sometimes，sitting on a bus or a train，she hears only a fragment(片段) of a particularly interesting story.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Eudora Welty在纽约请朋友吃饭时发生的有趣的故事。4What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe?ATwo strangers joined her.BHer childhood friends came in.CA heavy rain ruined the dinner.DSome people held a party there.答案A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句.another customer was approaching their table.和第三段中的When her dinner partner showed up，she also pulled up a chair.可知两个陌生人加入了她们。故选A。5The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 6 refers to Weltys_Areaders BpartiesCfriends Dstories答案D词义猜测题。根据上一句“My friends said：Now we believe your stories，” Welty added.和本句中的动词write. 可知，them代替是stories。故选D。6What can we learn about the characters in Weltys fiction?AThey live in big citiesBThey are mostly womenCThey come from real lifeDThey are pleasure seekers答案C推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I dont make them up，” she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years.“I dont have to.”推知，Welty小说中的人物都来自现实生活。故选C。Passage 3体裁：说明文话题：项目介绍词数：300时间：6(2015全国卷，C)Salvador Dali (19041989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also LEnigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artists showman qualities.The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (无限)“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus：amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museumtheatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre.The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida.【语篇解读】这篇短文主要介绍了现代著名艺术家Dali的作品风格及the world of Dali中的展品情况。7Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1?AOptimistic. BProductive. CGenerous. DTraditional.答案B推理判断题。短文首段介绍了艺术家Dali的作品。由“.with an exhibition bring together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.”一句可知，Dali的作品众多，是一个多产画家。故答案为B。8What is Dalis The Persistence of Memory considered to be?AOne of his masterworks.BA successful screen adaptation.CAn artistic creation for the stage.DOne of the best TV programmes.答案A推理判断题。根据第一段“.the visitors will find the best pieces，most importantly the Persistence of Memory”可知，该作品在Dali的最佳作品中是最重要的，由此可以推断它是Dali的杰作之一。9How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali?ABy popularity. BBy importance.CBy size and shape. DBy time and subject.答案D事实细节题。根据第二段末句中的“.follows a path of time and subject.”可知，Dali的作品是按时间和主题进行布展的。答案选D。10What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to?AArtworks. BProjects. CDonations. DDocuments.答案A词义猜测题。由最后一段可知，展出的作品主要来源于两个途径：一是与马德里的一家艺术馆密切合作；一是靠像Salvador Dali Museum这样的机构的捐赠。联系全文大意及前一分句不难推测其它机构捐赠的是艺术作品。因此答案为A。Passage 4体裁：记叙文话题：享受生活词数：330时间：7(2015四川卷，B)Nothing could stop Dad.After he was put on disability for a bad back，he bought a small farm in the country，just enough to grow food for the family.He planted vegetables，fruit trees and even kept bees for honey.And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)The smell really burned the inside of your nose.When we complained about the terrible smell，Dad said the stronger the manure，the healthier the crops，and he was right.For example，just one of his cantaloupes filled the entire house with its sweet smell，and the taste was even sweeter.As the vegetables started coming in，Dad threw himself into cooking.One day，armed with a basket of vegetables，he announced he was going to make stew(炖菜)Dad pulled out a pressure cooker and filled it up with cabbages，eggplants，potatoes，corns，onions and carrots.For about half an hour，the pressure built and the vegetables cooked.Finally，Dad turned off the stove，the pot began to cool and the pressure relief valve sprayed out a cloud of steam.If we thought Dads pile of chicken manure was bad，this was 10 times worse.When Dad took off the lid，the smell nearly knocked us out.Dad carried the pot out and we opened doors and windows to air out the house.Just how bad was it？The neighbors came out of their houses to see if we had a gas leak!Determined，Dad filled our plates with steaming stew and passed them around.It didnt look that bad，and after the first wave had shut down my ability to smell，it didnt offend the nose so much，either.I took a taste.It would never win a prize in a cooking competition，but it was surprisingly edible，and we drank up every last drop of soup.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了作者的父亲买了一个小农场，在里面种满了各种蔬菜、果树甚至还养了蜜蜂。但作者的父亲收获的时候，他炖了一锅蔬菜，闻到味道时，作者和其他人觉得烧得很糟糕，但是最后全部都吃光了。11Why did Dad clean Old Man McColgins chicken house regularly?ATo earn some money for the family.BTo collect manure for his crops.CTo get rid of the terrible smell.DTo set a good example to us.答案B细节理解题。 根据文章第一段的And every week he cleaned Old Man McColgins chicken house in exchange for manure(肥料)可知是为了收集肥料。12What can we infer about Dads stew?AIt is popular among the neighbors.BIt contains honey and vegetables.CIt looks very wonderful.DIt tastes quite delicious.答案D推理判断题。根据最后一段的 we drank up every last drop of soup.可知选择D。意为父亲的炖菜非常美味。13What does the underlined word “offend” in the last paragraph mean?ATo attract. BTo upset.CTo air. DTo shut.答案B词义判断题。根据文章上文的 the first wave had shut down my ability to smell可知，此处指的是鼻子闻不到那种味道，意为搅乱。14What can we learn about Dad from the text?AHe is an experienced cook.BHe is a troublesome father.CHe has a positive attitude to life.DHe suffers a lot from his disability.答案C推理判断题。根据文中内容可知，父亲在背部受伤后，不愿意休息，而是自己经营着小农场，而且在收获后，还自己种菜。可知父亲对生活有着积极的态度。题组二尝试模拟Passage 1(2016济宁模拟)Many studies have shown that students learn in different ways and that good results can be achieved if they are taught by a teaching method that suits them best.Similarly，students performance varies in what types of test they are given.Therefore，it may seem reasonable to give students the chance to choose how they wish to be tested.However，this would mean teachers would be forced to prepare many different methods of assessment for the exact same material.Teachers are already very busy，creating tests，grading，coming up with interesting lesson plans，teaching classes，not to mention holding parentteacher conferences，and creating new tests would only add to their burden.Another strain teachers would have to face is how to grade fairly and objectively if students were tested on the same material in a variety of ways.For instance，how do you compare a student who wrote an essay on one small topic of a book to another who answered every multiple choice question correctly over the entire book？Maybe the student who wrote the essay only read a small part of it in depth enough so that they could write the essay.But perhaps the student taking the multiple choice test only had a base understanding of the book and couldnt write a critical essay about something in it.This is not to say，however，that students should be graded in the same manner every time.This would be equally unfair as again，different students test better when assessed by different methods.Therefore，teachers need to be sure to give essay tests，multiple choice tests，as well as other multimedia (多媒体) projects to assess their students，just not over the same material.This gives students the opportunity to show off their abilities and make up for tasks that theyre not good at.For instance，a student that is a bad test taker could make up for their grade with a wellperformed project.Another option is to provide students with extra credit opportunities.As such，students could be allowed to choose the method in which they wish to complete their extra credit.If a student is a strong essay writer，they could write an extra essay to make up for their poor test grade.This would allow students to compensate for poor grades in areas in which they arent as accomplished.【语篇解读】本文是议论文。不同的学生所擅长的考试方式不尽相同，那么是否应该让学生自己选择考试方式呢？作者对此问题展开讨论。1We know from Paragraph 1 that if students could choose how they are tested，teachers would _Ahave more workBlose their authorityCchange their lesson plansDprepare more testing materials答案A细节理解题。根据第一段中的this would mean teachers would be forced to prepare many different methods of assessment for the exact same material及creating new tests would only add to their burden可知，如果让学生自己选择考试方式，那么意味着老师要对同样的考试内容设计不同的考试方式，工作量必然加大。2What does the underlined word “strain” in Paragraph 2 mean?APossibility. BDifficulty.CApproach. DHesitation.答案B词义猜测题。根据画线词后的how to grade fairly and objectively if students were tested on the same material in a variety of ways可知，如果让学生自己选择考试方式的话，如何公正客观地评价是老师面临的另一个“困难”。3The author writes the last paragraph in order to _.Adraw a conclusion Boffer suggestionsCpredict the future Dprove his point答案B写作目的题。根据最后一段中的Teachers need to be sure to give essay tests.以及Another option is to provide students with extra credit opportunities可知，本段主要对“让学生自己选择考试方式”如何操作提出了两点建议。4Where is the text most probably taken from?AA textbook.BAn announcement.CA news report.DAn education magazine.答案D文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要围绕“让学生自己选择考试方式”展开讨论，属于教育的范畴。故选D项。Passage 2(2016合肥高三第一次质检)3 Brilliant British RacesBOGNOR BIRDMAN (JULY 1819)Every summer，thousands of people from around the world gather in Bognor Regis on the southern coast of England to see who can fly the longest distance in homemade flying machines before jumping into the English Channel.The record，set in 1992，is 292 feet.Frequently，participants compete in special clothes.Dr.Who and his Tardis，a group of flying doughnuts (油炸圈饼)，and a skateboarding cow have all taken the leap in past competitions.They didnt get so far.WORLD HEN RACING CHAMPIONSHIPS(AUGUST 1)Chickens are extremely difficult to train，but that doesnt stop about 50 international hen owners from entering their birds in the World Hen Racing Championships each year in Bonsall，England.Keeping alive a centuryold tradition，the hens race along a 50foot course.While some owners let their untrained chickens “wing_it，” others try to get their chickens into competition shape with daily “sprints(短跑)” during the months leading up to the race.BRITISH LAWN MOWER RACING ASSOCIATIONS 12HOUR RACE (AUGUST 8)Mowing the lawn (刈草坪)for 12 hours straight is some peoples idea of an impossibility.For others，its the most interesting part of the summer.Drivers start their engines at 8：00 in the evening，and，in teams of three，work straight through the night until 8：00 the next morning，averaging 25 mph.Last year，the winning team finished a record 311 miles on the course in Billingshurst，England，doing justice to the associations motto：“Per Herbam Ad Astra，” or “Through the Grass to the Stars.”【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章介绍英国几项趣味比赛。5The Bognor Birdman event _Awas first held in 1992Bis actually a local festivalCfeatures hightech flying machinesDhas an unbeaten record in recent two decades答案D细节理解题。第一段中提到The record，set in 1992，is 292 feet可知，这项赛事近二十年没有出现新的纪录。6The underlined phrase “wing it” in the text probably means _Acompete with their wings spreadBcompete without preparationCrace along the course nonstopDrace with trained chickens答案B词义猜测题。由下一句的others try to get their chickens into competition shape with daily “sprints” during the months leading up to the race可知，有些人参赛之前会对自己的鸡进行训练，再由While的转折可知，wing it应该是“临场发挥”的意思。7What do the three races have in common?AThey are irregularly scheduled.BThey are held in the same season.CThey are all held in coastal areas.DThey are all traditional competitions.答案B细节理解题。三项比赛在7、8月份举办，都是夏季。Passage 3(2016武汉高三调研)America used to have a strong college education system for prison inmates (prisoners)It was seen as a way to rehabilitate men and women in prison by helping them go straight when they got out.Those taxpayersupported college classes were put to an end in the 1990s.But New York Governor Andrew Cuomo would like to bring them back in the state，setting off a fierce new debate.A number of lawmakers in New York have promised to kill Cuomos proposal (提议)Cuomo says reintroducing taxpayerfunded college classes in New Yorks prisons is a commonsense plan that will reduce the number of inmates who commit new crimes.“You pay $60，000 for a prison cell for a year，” Cuomo responded.“You put a guy away for 10 years，and thats $600，000.Right now，chances are almost half.Once hes set free，hes going to come right back.”Cuomo says helping inmates get a college education would cost about $5，000 a year per person.He argues，“Its a small amount of money if it keeps that inmate from bouncing back into prison.”But even some members of the governors own party hate this idea.State Assemblywoman Addie Russell，whose upstate district includes three state prisons，says taxpayers just wont stand for inmates getting a free college education，while middleclass families struggle to pay for their kids college fees.“That is the vast majority of feedback (反馈) that Im also getting from my constituents (选民)，”she says.“You know，Where is the relief for the rest of the population who obey the law？”“I was very disappointed that the policy had been changed，” says Gerald Gaes，who served as an expert on college programs for the Federal Bureau of Prisons in the 1990s.In 1994，President Clinton stopped federal student aid programs for inmates.Gaes says research shows that college classes actually save taxpayers money over time，by reducing the number of inmates who break the law and wind up back in those expensive prison cells.“It is costeffective，” he says.“Designing prisons that way will have a longterm benefit for New York State.”【语篇解读】本文是议论文，美国纽约州正在激烈辩论是否应该向犯人提供高等教育的问题。8The underlined word “rehabilitate” probably means “_”Alet people know more about prisonersBhelp someone have a normal life againCallow prisoners to experience the worldDencourage someone to help other people答案B词义猜测题。联系全文主旨，由helping them go straight when they got out可以推断，rehabilitate应该是“使某人重新恢复正常生活”的意思。9What is the debate about?ALawmakers rights in New York.BCollege classes for New Yorks citizens.CHigher education in New Yorks prisons.DPunishments given to New Yorks criminals.答案C推理判断题。由第二至四段可知，这是一场关于纽约州监狱内高等教育问题的辩论。10Cuomo does the calculations to prove _Aalmost half of prisoners are likely to come back into prisonBcollege classes for inmates can save taxpayers moneyCthe costs of running prisons in the US are on the riseDit is very difficult to reduce the number of inmates答案B推理判断题。由第五、六两段可知，Cuomo州长进行这些估算是为了证明面向犯人的大学课程能够为纳税人省钱。11Most of Russells constituents believe Cuomos proposal _Ais unfair to middleclass familiesBwill benefit citizens obeying lawsCwill be useless for improving prisonsDis based on most taxpayers feedback答案A细节理解题。由第七、八两段可知，大多数Russell的选民认为Cuomo州长的提议对中产阶级家庭不公平。Passage