高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解专题选编（五）

贵州绥阳县2017高考英语阅读理解专题一轮选编（五）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Britains long-term unemployed could be forced to carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits under plans being put forward by the government. The U. S. -style scheme would see the long-term jobless ordered to take up four-week placements in order to get them used to having a full-time job. The idea is part of major reforms, due to be unveiled this week, to make cuts to Britains huge welfare bill, reduce dependency on benefits and weed out those earning money but not declaring it, papers said. “What we are talking about here is people who have not been used to working having both the opportunity and perhaps a bit more of a push as well, to experience the workplace from time to time. The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. ”Foreign Secretary William Hague told BBC TV. Shortly after the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Union took power in May, Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith unveiled plans to simplify the complex web of benefits available to reduce errors and inefficiencies. Duncan Smith said the system had become regressive and was not giving people the right encouragement to work as many were financially better off unemployed. Under his plans, separate benefits for items such as housing, income support or disability will be replaced by a“universal credit”system whereby(靠那个)individual households would get a single welfare payment to ensure those in work would be better off. The Observer newspaper said that in return, long-term unemployed would be told to take up work placements of at least 30 hours a week for a four-week period. If they refuse or fail to complete the programme, their jobseekers allowance, worth 64. 30 pounds a week for those over 25, could be stopped for at least three months. 【文章大意】由于英国的福利过高, 再加上近年来的经济危机造成的高失业率, 越来越多的英国人不愿再去劳心费力地工作, 干脆赖在家里向政府伸手要钱。当局为了减少养“好逸恶劳者”的经费, 出台强制性劳动方案, 要求失业的人从事劳力工作, 以此督促他们积极寻找工作。1. What will the unemployed with welfare benefits face if the major reform takes effect? A. They will lose their welfare benefits if they dont work. B. They will be encouraged to buy their own farms. C. They will do some kinds of jobs. D. Either A or C. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。第一段第一句话的carry out manual work or risk losing their welfare benefits说明在新政下“懒汉”们面临的两种选择。2. What will most British people think of the new reform according to William Hague? A. They are against it since the unemployed are poor. B. They are for it since the unemployed should keep fit. C. They are for it since its unfair for the employed and unemployed. D. They dont care as therere a few unemployed people having welfare benefits. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。第四段中The vast majority of people in Britain will think that is the right thing to do. 说明绝大多数英国人支持新政。4. The underlined word in Paragraph 6 most likely means. A. well-receivedB. far-reachingC. old-fashionedD. live-and-let-live【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从该词所在句的was not giving people the right encouragement to work可知即将取消的措施就要过时了。4. What is the aim of Britains major reform for the long-term unemployed? A. To reduce the cost of welfare bill with healthy economy system. B. To make them healthier and save cost in medical care. C. To help more people go through financial crisis. D. To increase pay and bonus for those employed. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。第三段的to make cuts to Britains huge welfare bill是直接目的, 最终的目的还是要建立合理健康的福利制度体系。【 2014高考英语一模试题】Hes not just a pretty face! Famous actor Josh Duhamel leads a group of youngsters in a two-mile charity beach run. He may be an attractive movie star, but theres more to Josh Duhamel than a pretty face. The 40-year-old actor led a youth charity fun run for the third year running on Sunday, in aid of the Red Cross giving a hand to countries and places suffering natural disasters.Josh sported the charitys T-shirt and black baseball cap with black jogging bottoms as he joined a group of youngsters in the two-mile effort on Santa Monica Beach. Josh was clearly enjoying himself today, sprinting across the finish line raising both arms in a victory salute.In March last year and January of 2010, Josh led thousands of runners and raised over $200,000 for both Japanese and Haitian earthquake relief efforts. And donations collected at this years Youth Run will go towards the American Red Cross PrepareSoCal campaign which helps Southern Californians get ready for disasters.“I do the youth run because I feel that younger people may not be able to donate a lot of money but that doesnt mean that they cant contribute and make a difference,” Josh told the Red Cross website. “Bringing students of L. A. together for these events not only raises a lot of money, but also raises the spirits of those affected by any disaster and helps everyone young and old.”Duhamel had won the title of Male Model of the Year in an International Modeling and Talent Association competition in 1997. Duhamel began his acting career as an extra in the music videos for Donna Summers song, “I Will Go With You” in 1998. Later that year, he won the role of Leo Pres on the ABC soap opera “All My Children”. He then began appearing in films, and his acting in the film “Transformers” as well as its sequels was so successful that he became a pop film star.56. Josh Duhamel led the beach run to help the Red Cross _. A. raise money for places suffering from disasters B. raise money for people suffering from diseases C. find more young volunteers especially teenagers D. build up a fame of having the spirit of entertainment57. How did Josh Duhamel feel about his joining in the beach run? A. He felt it the best way to kill time especially on weekends. B. He disliked it when there were reporters coming here. C. He thought it a best chance to make himself famous. D. He found it enjoyable and exciting to be a member.58. What will the received donations of this year be used for? A. Helping Japanese and Haitian defeat earthquakes. B. Helping Southern Californians get ready for disasters. C. Helping Northern Californians get ready for disasters. D. Helping relieve Southern Californians defeat earthquakes.59. What is the aim of the youth run of L. A.? A. To persuade more young people to keep the earth green. B. To make the young realize the influence of famous people. C. To inspire those affected by disasters and give them a hand. D. To raise as much money as possible to help the old and young.60. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. The importance of the youth run started by the Red Cross. B. The methods to join in the youth run led by Josh Duhamel. C. The reason why Josh Duhamel leads the youth run. D. The experiences and achievements of Josh Duhamel.【参考答案】5660 ADBCD【2014高考英语二模试题】Dining in a completely dark room, unaware whats on your plate while sitting next to a complete stranger may not sound like an ideal restaurant experience but its certainly an intriguing way to spend a rainy night in London. Dans le Noir, close to Londons financial district, is a restaurant full of blind waiters and waitresses who become your eyes around the restaurant, whose original Paris branch opened in 2004. In the bar with the light, you choose whether you want the fish, meat or vegetable, but the dishes themselves remain a secret, as do the ingredients of the “surprise” cocktails. Bags, coats and devices(设备)that light up, including watches and mobile phones, are kept in the bar. Placing your hand on the shoulder of your guide, you are led to a table in a black dining room that sets up to 60 people. And it is dark. The waiters tell you when the food is being placed down in front of you, then the fun begins, trying to get food into your mouth, then identifying just what it is thats on your plate, and finally whether you have missed any of it. Its also a great chance to break social convention and eat using your fingers. Those same fingers are also the only way you can tell how much wine youre pouring into your glass. The happy atmosphere in the dining room also made the night memorable. You cant really avoid talking to the person next to you at the long tables and guessing what the dishes are certainly provides adequate fuel for the conversations. All will be revealed at the end of the meal when you are led back out into the lit bar. Not only do you finally get to see what youve just been eating but also who you ve been talking to for the last 90 minutes.29 What does the underlined word “intriguing.” in the first paragraph mean?A terrible B. interesting C. expensive D. new30 According to the text, “ Dans le Noir”_.A is far from Londons financial districtB has its first branch opened in BritainC is very popular among blind customers D has a dining room which can seat up to 60 people31 We know from the text that the customers in “Dans le Noir”_.A. are forbidden to eat with their fingersB. can talk to the strangers at table C. will book the menu in a dark barD. can take their mobile phones into the dining room32. Whats the main purpose of the text?A. To help blind people find a job in restaurants.B. To show how to open a restaurant with a new idea.C. To show how to enjoy the time in a dark restaurant.D. To introduce and attract customers to “Dans le Noir ”.【参考答案】C 29-32BDBD 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语二模试题】Olympic medalist Dara Torres, the 41-year-old swimmer, is more than a feel-good story Torres is as determined and driven in her daily life as she is in the pool She is dedicated to pursuing her passions and following her dreams-something she hopes to instill（灌输）in her 2-year-old daughter and women and girls everywhere After all, her dreams took her to BeijingUpon her return after the Olympics, SUCCESS writer Don Yaeger, caught up with Torres, who shared her insightsWhat insights can you offer others （ non-athletes, too） about setting and staying on track to reach goals? Everyone has his highs and lows when doing things, but you have to remember what the end result is when youre having those tough times I think about the end and about my feelings of success, and that keeps me going I definitely set goals for myself and try not to get too distracted trying to reach them And always remember to have fun !Any strategies or tips for overcoming mental obstacles to be your very best?Mental obstacles are tough For my personally, if I was having mental obstacles, I would talk to my coach, who was the most important person to me during this comeback Its so important to have that person in your life, a trusted advisor Communication is very important, and Ive learned its OK to turn to others if youre having a tough time When I was younger, I would internalize（使内化） things Not any more Its a great relief to be able to share61When saying“ more than a feel-good story ,the writer means that A Torres is good at telling storiesC Torres is a 41-year-old swimmerB Torres is feeling goodD Torres is not only a feel-good story62In Daras opinion, when one is having his tough times, he A must turn to his coaches for helpB had better communicate with friends through the InternetC should think about the successful en D ought to adjust his goal63According to the passage, communication is very important in Aovercoming mental obstaclesC winning others support and aidB building good relations with othersD preventing ones imagination running away64Which of the following words can best describe Torres?ANegativeBSubjectiveCObjectiveD Positive65The writer mainly wants to tell us A Don Yaegers most successful interview B Dara Torres pursues her passions in the pool and in life C how athletes overcome mental obstacles in competitions D everyone has his highs and lows when doing things【参考答案】61-65 DCADB 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考英语二模试题】 People who do not get enough vitamin A in their diet may develop night blindnessBut in the developing world a lack of vitamin A causes much more serious harm to childrenThe World Health Organization links the lack of vitamin A to as many as 250000 child deaths every year One excellent source of vitamin A is found in sweet potatoes with orange fleshOrange sweet potatoes contain high levels of beta-carotene（胡萝卜素） ,which our body can change into vitamin A Experts say orange sweet potatoes specially bred （育种,培植） for growing conditions in Africacould help solve the lack of vitamin A there But, first, more people will need to be persuaded to eat them Jan Low with the International Potato Center, a research organization says the sweet potato needs a better image in Africa Jan Low says, We do have an image problem with sweet potato in general in sub-Saharan Africa It is seen as a crop of the poor Ms Low explains that sweet potatoes are mainly grown by poor women to feed their families in case another crop fails The sweet potatoes commonly grown if Africa have white or yellow flesh But, more importantly, they are low in vitamin A Jan Low took part in a project to study how best to market orange sweet potatoes to AfricansShe worked on an information campaign in Mozambique and UgandaThe campaign included radio messages about the nutritional benefits of the orange sweet potatoThey advertised its ability to” fight diseases, make you strong, clear your skin and make you look healthy In areas without radio, the campaigners spread the message through community theaterThe performances included singing, dancing and storytellingAnd everywhere they went, the campaigners wore orange T-shirts and hatsThey even drove orange vehiclesJan Low says the color made it easier to gain public attention Dan Gustafson heads the Washington office of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization He points to efforts in the past to increase the popularity of other nutritious crops He says most of these efforts failed because organizers of the campaigns did not consider what people wanted to eatBut MrGustafson sees a better chance for the efforts to increase the popularity of the orange sweet potato in Africa For one thing, except for the color, the vegetable is similar to what people already use66What does the writer want to tell us in Para 1? A Vitamin A in food may cause night blindness B People should get enough vitamin A in their diet C The developing countries are in lack of vitamin A D Vitamin A causes too many child deaths every year67According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true? A Orange sweet potato contains high levels of vitamin A B Jan Low tries to persuade more people to eat orange sweet potato C The campaign aims to advertise the benefit of orange sweet potato D Fighting diseases, making you strong, clearing your skin and making you look healthy are the ability of the orange sweet potato68Jan Low works for A the World Health Organization B the International Potato Center C the government of Mozambique and Uganda D the United Nations Food and Agriculture organization69The underlined phrase“ points to of Para 5 is closest in meaning to A lets B brings C takesD mentions70The passage mainly talks about _ A an image problem with orange sweet potato B an information campaign in sub-Saharan area C the popularity of vitamin A D the function of vitamin A in peoples diet【参考答案】66-70 BABDA