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专题 45 短文改错（一）关键词：语法,词法,句法,逻辑,语境难度系数：推荐指数：【基础回顾】考点归纳：高考短文改错考点层次一般而言可依次分为词法的测试、句法的测试和语篇的测试三个层面。考点层次越高，就越能测试出考生运用语言的能力。低层次的考点往往侧重于语法方面的考查，而高层次的考点往往侧重于考生对文章意义方面的理解。基础必读：词法改错2013-2015年新课标全国I高考英语短文改错题考点层次的统计：考点层次201320142015词法677词法的测试包括：定冠词和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词的所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气；情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词、人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。【2015新课标全国I】Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. 【2015新课标全国I】Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. 【解析】 onwith句意：随着工业化的发展。短语搭配错误。短语with the development of随着的发展。【2015新课标全国I】Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.【解析】been去掉 句意：许多研究表明。语态用法错误。主语与动词为主动关系，这里不需要用被动语态。【解析】seriouslyserious句意：全球变暖已经成为严重的问题。词性用法错误。修饰名词，前面用形容词修饰。【2015新课标全国I】The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect our environment. 【解析】airsair 句意：我们呼吸的空气变得越来越脏。名词用法错误。名词air为不可数名词。 【解析】muchmany句意：许多罕见的动物已经消失。名词animal为可数名词，故用many修饰。 【技能方法】解题方法技巧首先，通读全文，了解文章体裁、主旨大意，把握全篇的时态、人称和行文逻辑。不同体裁的语篇具有不同的篇章结构和交际功能，主要体现在语言风格和组句成篇的模式上。从语篇的模式上可以读懂作者的思维模式，从而获得对短文更好的理解和宏观的把握。在通读全文的过程中，先将容易的或明显的错误改好，从而为分行、分句的分析起到降低难度的作用。其次，逐句审读、理解、分析，先易后难。有时孤立地读一个句子时很难发现它的错误，一旦将上下文联系起来，问题就会变得明了。从组成句子结构的各方面逐句审查动词的时态、语态、名词、代词、冠词、介词、形容词、副词、连词、主谓一致等方面是否有误。句子结构解题思路名词、代词检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误并列主语，从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语及together with等引导的成分修饰主语检查谓语动词是否与主语保持一致固定短语、词组检查副词、介词、冠词是否使用错误平行结构检查是否有词性和连接两个对等的词和对等的结构并列连词错误有比较结构检查是否有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象以及冠词方面的错误有转折、因果、对比等结构检查是否有行文逻辑方面的错误多重结构句检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分短缺错误有特殊动词结构检查是否有非谓语动词或虚拟语气方面的错误非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语检查是否非谓语动词和逻辑主语不一致最后，关键的一点就是要再次细读全文，按句法要求、词类规则，检查所改的答案能否使全文语气流畅，行文逻辑发展是否合乎情理，所做的标记是否符合命题要求。【基础达标】 I will share one experience with you. With the college Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety. However, I couldnt be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then ,my teacher, Miss Zhang, approached me and said, “In life we all have moments when we cant achieve what we want to. It is natural. Dont allow those moments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire yourself.” Her words were reminder that provided me with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently , I gained that I deserved. So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life.3. fromin考察介词，句意：导致我考试不及格。result from由于；result in导致。故这里fromin。4.discouragingdiscouraged 考察形容词，句意：我感到很沮丧。discouraging 令人沮丧的，使人泄气的; 阻止的； discouraged泄气的，沮丧的，灰心的；根据句意可知discouragingdiscouraged。5.去掉to 句意：在生活中，我们都有无法获得我们想要东西的时刻。这里we cant achieve what we want。宾语从句what we want中，want是及物动词，不用to，故去掉to。6.and-but 考察连词，句意：不要让这样的时刻削弱你，而是把它们变成激励你的动力。根据句意可知脸厚是转折关系，故and-but。7.yourselfyou 考察代词，把它们变成激励你的动力；inspire you激励你。故yourselfyou。8. reminder前加a 考察名词，reminder是可数名词，句意：她的话语是一个提醒。故这里在reminder前加a。9.thatwhat 考察宾语从句，句意：我获得了我应得的。宾语从句中deserve及物动词，需加宾语，故what I deserved.故这里thatwhat。10.which-that 考察强调句型，句意：乐观的态度最重要。强调 an optimistic attitude，故which-that。考点：短文改错。【能力提升】 Last week, I went to camp with a friend. On the first day, I had a well time with her. We played some game and shared our funny life experience. The second night where my friend talked about her mom, it occurred to me the day was my mothers birthday. I almost forgot it. I wanted to send her mother the best wishes, but it is about 10 pm, and I thought it was too late. My friend said to me, “Though it is late, but it is necessary of you to give wishes.” So I called my mom and sent her my wishes. She was so happily, and I made a right decide.【解析】试题分析：本文讲述上周末和一个朋友去野营的经过。1.well-good 固定词组：have a good time玩的开心，故把well-good。2.game-games 根据some可知名词用复数形式，故把game-games。3.where-when 此处The second night是先行词，在后面的定语从句中做时间状语，故把where-when。4.me the 加that 固定句式：It occurred to sb. that-，某人突然想起，故在me the 加that。5.her-my 句意：我想送我妈妈最好的祝愿。根据句意可知把her-my。【终极闯关】2016全国卷 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. They were also the best and worse years in my life. At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didnt seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time, I even felt my parents couldnt understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. 4. yourselfmyselfby oneself意为“独自地，单独地”，句子主语是第一人称单数I，因此yourself应该改为myself。5. suchso句意：然而“我”的父母亲好像不这么认为。so作副词，指刚刚提到过的内容。6. telltold此文讲述的是在“我”十几岁时发生的情况，因此行文以一般过去时为主。故需将tell改为told。7. freelyfree作表语应用形容词形式。be free from意为“挣脱的束缚”。 8. wearwearing介词by后需跟动名词作宾语。9. toforleavefor意为“离开去”。 10. whenever后加Iwhenever引导的让步状语从句的主语也应该是I。
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