上海海事外国会计选读课件.ppt

Chapter4,CompletingtheAccountingCycle,1.AccountingCycleFinancialStatementsAdjustingandClosingEntriesFiscalYear,Contents,AccountingCycle会计循环,Theprocessthatbeginswithanalyzingandjournalizingtransactionsandendswithsummarizingandreportingthesetransactionsiscalledtheaccountingcycle.Themostimportantoutputoftheaccountingcycleisthefinancialstatements,SevenBasicStepsoftheAccountingCycle,1.Transactionsareanalyzedandrecordedinthejournal.2.Transactionsarepostedtotheledger.3.Atrialbalanceisprepared,adjustmentdataareassembled,andanoptionalworksheetiscompleted.4.Financialstatementsareprepared.5.Adjustingentriesarejournalizedandposted.6.Closingentriesarejournalizedandposted.7.Apost-closingtrialbalanceisprepared.,ClassifiedBalanceSheet,ClassifiedBalanceSheet:AbalancesheetthatgroupstheaccountsintosubcategoriestohelpreadersquicklygainaperspectiveonthecompanysfinancialpositionAssets:groupedintocurrentassetsandlong-termassetsLiabilities:groupedintocurrentliabilitiesandlong-termliabilities,ClassificationofAssets,CurrentAssets流动资产:Cashplusassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedtocashorsoldorconsumedduringthenext12monthsorwithinthenormaloperatingcycleoflongerthanayearMonetaryassets:Assetsthathaveafixedmonetaryexchangevalueandarenotaffectedbyachangeinthepricelevel.CashAccountreceivableNotereceivableNonmonetaryassetsInventoryPrepaidexpensesLong-termAssets/Long-livedAssets长期资产:ResourcesthatareheldforanextendedtimeLand,building,equipment,naturalresources,andpatents.,ClassificationofLiabilities,CurrentLiabilities流动负债:LiabilitiesthatfallduewithinthecomingyearorwithinthenormaloperationcycleiflongerthanayearNotepayableAccountspayableUnearnedrentrevenueWagespayableInterestpayableIncometaxespayableLong-termLiabilities长期负债:ObligationsthatfallduebeyondoneyearfromthebalancesheetdateLong-termdebt,FormatsofBalanceSheets,Accountformat（账户式）AssetattheleftReportformat(报告式）Assetonthetop,IncomeStatement,Single-stepincomestatement单步式ItgroupsallrevenuestogetherandthenlistsanddeductsallexpensestogetherwithoutdrawinganyintermediatesubtotalsMultiple-stepincomestatement多步式Itcontainsoneormoresubtotalsthathighlightsignificantrelationships,Adjustingentriesarerecordedinthejournalattheendoftheaccountingperiod.,AdjustingandClosingEntries,Closeentries,Closingentries/Closingprocess关账Closingprocessisaprocessthatfinalentriesattheendofanaccountingperiodtotransfertheincomeandexpensesitemstothebalancesheetaccounts.TheIncomeSummary利润汇总账户accountisusedonlyfortheclosingprocess.TheIncomeSummaryisdebitedforacompanysrevenues,andiscreditedforacompanysexpenses.Theentriesthattransferthebalancesofrevenuesandthatoftheexpensesarecalledclosingentries结账分录Therevenueandexpenseaccountbalancesareresettozeroandthenetincome(netloss)generatedduringtheperiodincreases(decreases)retainedincome.,AdjustingandClosingEntries,Realaccounts实账户theaccounts:asset,liability,reserveandcapital-whosebalancesarenotcanceledoutattheendofanaccountingperiod,butarecarriedovertothenextperiod.Theseaccountsappearonthepost-closingtrialbalanceandthestatementofcondition(balancesheet).Alsocalledpermanentaccounts.Temporaryaccounts/nominalaccounts虚账户Accountswhichareconcernedwithrevenueandexpenses,suchassales,purchases,etc,AdjustingandClosingEntries,Temporaryaccountsshouldbeclosedattheendoftheperiod.,OWNERSCAPITAL,TheClosingProcess,IncomeSummary,OWNERSCAPITAL,IncomeSummary,TheIncomeSummaryaccountdoesnotappearonthefinancialstatements.,AdjustingandClosingEntries,RentRevenue,Bal.120,IncomeSummary,Note:Thebalancesshownareadjustedbalancesbeforeclosing.Thefollowingsequencedemonstratestheclosingprocess.,TheClosingProcess,RentRevenue,Bal.120,IncomeSummary,Debiteachrevenueaccountfortheamountofitsbalance,andcreditIncomeSummaryforthetotalrevenue.,16,840,120,16,960,TheClosingProcess,Step1,IncomeSummary,DebitIncomeSummaryforthetotalexpensesandcrediteachexpenseaccountforitsbalance.,16,960,9,775,TheClosingProcess,Step2,IncomeSummary,DebitIncomeSummaryfortheamountofitsbalance(inthiscase,thenetincome)andcreditthecapitalaccount.,16,960,9,775,7,205,7,205,TheClosingProcess,Step3,IncomeSummary,Debitthecapitalaccountforthebalanceofthedrawingaccount,andcreditdrawingforthesameamount.,16,960,9,775,7,205,7,205,4,000,4,000,TheClosingProcess,Step4,IncomeSummary,16,960,9,775,7,205,7,205,4,000,4,000,CloseRevenues,CloseExpenses,CloseIncomeSummary,CloseDrawing,9,775,7,205,7,205,4,000,4,000,ReviewoftheClosingProcess,CloseEntries,FeesEarned16840RentRevenue120IncomeSummary16960IncomeSummary9755WagesExpense4525RentExpense1600DepreciationExpense50UtilitiesExpense985SuppliesExpense2040InsuranceExpense100MiscellaneousExpense455IncomeSummary7205ChrisClark,Capital7025ChrisClark,capital4000ChrisClark,Drawing4000,Aftertheclosingentriesareposted,allofthetemporaryaccountshavezerobalances.,Post-closingTrialBalance,NetSolutionsPost-ClosingTrialBalanceDecember31,2005,Cash206500AccountsReceivable272000Supplies76000PrepaidInsurance230000Land2000000OfficeEquipment180000AccumulatedDepreciation5000AccountsPayable90000WagesPayable25000UnearnedRent24000ChrisClark,Capital282050029645002964500,ManualAccountingCycle,1.Transactionsareanalyzedandrecordedinjournal.,Documents,Journal,2.Transactionsarepostedfromjournaltoledger.,Journal,Ledger,3.Trialbalanceisprepared,adjustmentdataisorganized,worksheetiscompleted.,4.Financialstatementsarepreparedanddistributed.,FinancialStatements,IS,SOE,BS,SCF,5.Adjustingentriesarejournalizedandpostedtoledger.,7.Post-closingtrialbalanceisprepared.,6.Closingentriesarejournalizedandpostedtoledger.,Post-closingTrialBalance,8.Reportsareanalyzedandinterpretedfordecision-makingpurposes.,AssetsLiabilitiesOwnersEquity,ManualAccountingCycle,FiscalYear,Fiscalyear会计年度;财政年度Theannualaccountingperiodadoptedbyabusinessisknownasitsfiscalyear.Naturalbusinessyear自然营业年度naturalbusinessyearreferstoayearendingattheannuallowpointinbusinessactivityorattheendofaseason.,TheEnd,Chapter4,