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语法专题(二)定语从句,一、关系词关系词通常有三个作用：引导定语从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当句子成分。,1.指人时，who和that都可以使用，但先行词是anyone，those，he时，一般用who。这样考过(江西临川二中)Theemployersoftengivethejobto_theybelievehaveworkexperiencewithastrongsenseofduty.AwhoeverBwhomeverCwhoDthosewho答案：D,(江苏姜堰中学)Yousee，youseemtohavedonetoobadlyinpracticingplayingbasketball.Yeah，but_，soIthinkitdoesntmatteratall.AhethatclimbshighfallsheavilyBhewhodoesnotadvancelosesgroundChewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothingDheknowsmostwhospeaksleast,解析：据句意表泛指的he作先行词，由who引导定语从句。不犯错误的人也做不成任何事。故选C。答案：C,2who和whom都可以作从句宾语，但从句中的介词提前时，不能用who。这样考过(江苏武进区四校联考)Sheisahelpfulneighbor，_allofuswillalwaysadoreandbethankfulto.A/BthatCtheonewhomDonewhom答案：D,(全国)Shebroughtwithherthreefriends，noneof_Ihadevermetbefore.AthemBwhoCwhomDthese解析：句意：她带了三个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是herthreefriends，代入定语从句后为：Ihadevermetnone_of_her_three_friends.而介词后指人时用关系代词whom。答案：C,3whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。这样考过(北京海淀区)Lastweek，wewatchedBeijingOpera，_stylewasunfamiliartomostofus.AwhatBwhichCwhereDwhose解析：先行词是京剧，后面用定语从句修饰。京剧的风格为我们中大多数人不熟悉，因此选whose。答案：D,(安徽)Manychildren，_parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.AtheirBwhoseCofthemDwithwhom解析：句意：很多小孩在村里都得到了很好的照顾，他们的父母亲远在大城市里打工。whose引导非限制性定语从句。A项their和C项ofthem不能连接从句，可以排除；选withwhom会导致句意混乱。答案：B,(北京西城区抽样测试)Justlikeavoyageatsea，ourlifejourney，_daysarelimited，isfullofdifficulties.AwhichB.thatCitsDwhose解析：由句意：人生旅途如航海一样，时光有限，且充满艰辛。whose引导非限制性定语从句，修饰journey，作定语从句的定语，故选D。答案：D,4which和that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词。这样考过(南通调研)Youngpeoplewhohavegotjobsmayrealizeuniversitylessonscantbetheonlypreparationforallofthesituations_appearintheworkingworld.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhat,解析：由句子结构知空格处应填一个关系代词，引导定语从句修饰先行词situations，且在定语从句中作主语，故选that。答案：C,5先行词是物时that和which一般可以互换使用，但有时不可换用。(1)下列场合一般只用that：先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词。,这样考过(衡水中学)Theywentonwellatfirstbuteventuallyeverything_theyhadworriedabouthappened.AwhichBwhatCthatDwhen解析：由句中知先行词为不定代词everything，选C。答案：C,(南昌调研)Youcanonlybesureofall_youhaveatpresent；youcannotbesureofsomething_youmightgetinthefuture.Athat;whatBthat;/Cwhich;thatDwhat;that解析：第一空的先行词为all，后面应该用that引导定语从句；第二空的先行词something暗示应该用that，但因为此处that在从句中作宾语，故可以省略。答案：B,当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级时或先行词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，much，no，some，very等词修饰时。这样考过(宁波联考)Doyouagreewithherideasatthemeeting?Absolutely，whatshesjustsaidistheveryidea_Iwanttoexpress.AthatBwhatCwhichDwhy,解析：定语从句缺少宾语且先行词前面有thevery修饰时，关系代词只用that不用which。答案：A,先行词有两个，一个指人，另一个指物。可能这样考Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons_theyrememberedintheschool.AwhichBthatCwhomDwhat解析：things和persons是先行词。当定语从句要修饰的先行词既表示人，又表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that。答案：B,主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。当先行词由theonly，thevery，few，little，no，all等修饰时。当先行词在主句中作表语时，而关系代词在从句中作表语时。(2)下列场合不能使用that：在非限制性定语从句中(指人时使用who或whom，指物时使用which)。,这样考过(济南模拟)WewenttoMountainTailastweekend，_，notsurprisingly，wascrowdedwithvisitors.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen,解析：句意为：我们上个周末去了泰山，并不奇怪的是，那里挤满了游客。分析句子成分可知，所填的关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰MountainTai，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故应用which来引导。where引导定语从句时，在从句中作地点状语。that引导限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语、宾语等。when引导定语从句时，先行词应为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中作时间状语。由语境可知B项正确。答案：B,在“介词关系代词”结构中(指人时使用whom，指物时使用which)。这样考过(福州质检)Therearealtogetherfiftysixstudentsinourclass，_isanewcomerfromafarawaymountainvillage.AthemosthardworkingofwhoBofwhomthemosthardworkingCthemosthardworkingofthemDbutthemosthardworkingofwhom,解析：根据句意及句型结构，应为B项，属介词前置的定语从句。A项who前不能有介词；C项them不能引导定语从句；D项有连词but不再是定语从句，因此不能用whom。答案：B,(潍坊质检)Safetyinschoolhasbeenofgreatconcernbecauseoffrequentreportsaboutaccidents_studentsgotinjuredorkilledwhileinschool.AinwhichBforwhichCwhichDwhen解析：该句中的accidents为先行词，inwhich引导定语从句，相当于where，作从句的地点状语。句意为“由于不断有校园伤害或死亡的报道，校园安全已成为了一个重要问题。”故选A。答案：A,6当先行词指时间、地点、原因(thereason)时，如果关系词在从句中作状语，用when，where，why。这样考过(重庆)Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.AwhyBwhatCthatDwhere,解析：句意：生活像长跑比赛，我们与其他人竞争以超越自我。本题考查定语从句。先行词为race，代入定语从句后为：wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselvesinthelongrace。由此可见，inthelongrace在定语从句中作状语，且不表示原因(排除A项)，故D项正确。答案：D,(浙江)Ihavereachedapointinmylife_Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.AwhichBwhereChowDwhy解析：句意：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。where引导定语从句修饰先行词point。答案：B,(福建)Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.AthatBwhenCwhichDwhere,解析：句意：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是situation，代入定语从句后为：Theycanseethemselvesdifferentlyin_the_situation.由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而when表“时间”，不合本题要求，只有where符合本题要求。答案：D,(锦州二模)SoyouknowDella?Yes，itwaslastweek_IsurfedtheInternet.AthatBwhenCsinceDbefore解析：根据句意可知it此处指的是认识Della的时间，而不是强调句型中的it。因此后用when引导定语从句。答案：B,7当先行词是theway，并且关系词在从句中作方式状语时，可以用that，可以用inwhich，也可以省略。这样考过(漳州质检)Ourchemistryteacherannouncedthathewoulddotheexperimentinadifferentway_wemightfindinteresting.AwhichBinwhichCinthatDwhat,解析：由句子知空格处应填一个引导定语从句的关系词来修饰先行词way，定语从句中缺少一个做宾语的成分，故选关系代词which。如果先行词为way，定语从句中缺少方式状语，则用inwhich/that/来引导定语从句。注意区别这两种方法。答案：A,二、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不密切，去掉定语从句，句子的意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号把主句和从句分开。使用时应注意以下几点：非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。非限制性定语从句中的关系词不可省略，不管在从句中充当什么成分。,这样考过(山东)WheneverImether，_wasfairlyoften，shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.AwhoBwhichCwhenDthat解析：句意：不管我何时遇见她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，这是常事儿。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的句子。答案：B,(北京西城区)Morewildtigershavebeenseenintheforestaroundthisarea，_thereusedtobeveryfew.AwhenBwhereCwhatDwhich解析：更多的野生老虎在这个地区的森林里被发现了。“thisarea”是先行词，where引导定语从句，意思是这里过去(老虎)很少，用来修饰thisarea。答案：B,三、“介词关系代词(which/whom/whose)”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，常常将介词前置到作宾语的关系代词前。主要考查以下三个方面：1关系代词的选用：关系代词指人时，只可用whom，不可用who或that；关系代词指物时，只可用which，不可用that。,这样考过(苏、锡、常、镇四市联考)Hedidntputthethings_theybelonged，for_reasonhegothispunishment.Awhich;thatBwhat;thatCthat;whoseDwhere;which,解析：据句意知，第一空为where引导的地点状语从句；第二空为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代其前的主句。据此，选D。答案：D,(江西五校联考)Therich，for_moneywasnotaproblem，wantedtostayatanexpensivehotel.AtheirBthemCwhoseDwhom解析：先行词是therich，指人，关系词在从句中作介词for的宾语，且介词for提前，故用whom。答案：D,注意：并不是所有情况下介词都可以前置，含有介词的短语动词不可拆开，介词仍需放在动词的后面。如：lookfor，lookafter，takecareof等。,2介词的选择：介词的选择取决于这个介词与先行词、从句中相关成分或整个从句之间各种搭配关系。这样考过(长郡中学)ItwassurprisingtoseealltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma，_turnedupararerainbowsoon.AofwhichBwhereCfromwhichDabovewhich,解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰thetopofMountQomolangma，在之上，用介词above，属介词前置的定语从句，故选D。答案：D,(陕西重点联考)Theposition，however，_youareapplying，isnotquiteawellpaidone.AthatBwhichCforwhichDtowhich解析：语境：然而，你申请的这个职位薪俸并不算(十分)优厚。however作为插入成分，容易使考生出错。其实，本句可拆分为“Youareapplyingfortheposition.”和“Thepositionisnotquiteawellpaidone.”两个句子，故关系代词which作applyfor的宾语。答案：C,(浙江五校联考)Hecamebacklate，_whichtimealltheguestshadalreadyleft.AafterBbyCatDduring解析：根据后面部分的过去完成时态可知前面应该用by。答案：B,(贵港监测)Thefilm_IamspeakingistobeshownatthePeoplesCinema.AtowhichBwithwhichCofwhichDonwhich解析：“speakofsomething”谈论，故选C。答案：C,3介词关系代词前还可用some，any，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each，few等，代词、名词或数词等构成复合介词短语。Hissons，bothofwhomlovedmusicverymuch，spentmostoftheirmoneyonCDs.他的两个儿子都热爱音乐，他们把大部分钱用来买CD唱片。,这样考过(福建师大附中)JamesandAlex，_clothesHarryhadtakenaway，hadtoleavethepoolwithnothingon.AbothofwhichBbothofwhoseCneitherofwhomDneitherofwhich,解析：由句意：James和Alex不得不光着身子上岸，他俩的衣服被Harry拿走了。所考查部分为名词/代词及介词提前的定语从句，先行词James和Alex与clothes之间为所属关系，故选关系代词whose作定语。综上选B。答案：B,(扬州调研)Zunhuaisoneofthefamoustourismdestinations，_liesDongling，agroupoftheQingImperialTombs.A20milesnorthwestofitB20milesnorthwestofwhichCnorthwest20milestoitDnorthwest20milesofwhich,解析：分析句子知本句考查名/代词前置，其后加介词的定语从句，句意：遵化是著名的旅游景点之一，在其西北20英里处，座落着东陵，。答案：B,(江西吉安一中)Themountainvillagers，_hadbeendamagedbythebigflood，weregivenhelpbyboththegovernmentandtheRedCross.AallwhosehomesBallofwhosehomesCalltheirhomesDalloftheirhomes答案：B,(四川绵阳诊断)Thepilotlostconnectionwiththemilitarybase，_theplanecrashedinthedesert.AbymeansofwhichBinfrontofwhichCincaseofwhichDasaresultofwhich解析：由语境可知，theplanecrashedinthedesert是Thepilotlostconnectionwiththemilitarybase的结果，所以要用asaresultofwhich。句意为：飞行员与军事基地失去了联系，结果，飞机在沙漠中失事。答案：D,四、as引导定语从句的用法1as可引导限制性定语从句，用于such/so.as.，thesame.as.结构中。注意：先行词被thesame修饰时，定语从句引导词可以使用as或that，但意义不同，用as表示前后所指是同一类别事物中的不同个体，用that表示前后所指是同一件事物。如：,HeboughtthesamediamondasIlosttwoyearsago.他买了和我两年前所丢失的一样的钻石。(是差不多一样的一颗，而非同一颗)HeboughtthesamediamondthatIlosttwoyearsago.他买了我两年前丢失的钻石。(是同一颗钻石),这样考过(浙江台州中学)Thesmalltownissogoodaplace_manypeoplecometovisit_ithasbecomewellknownallovertheworld.Athat;thatBas;asCthat;asDas;that答案：D,(吉安模拟)Hisstocksaresoldatsuchalowprice_hedidntexpect.AasBthatCwhenDwhich解析：从句型结构看先行词price之前被such修饰，由此确定由as引导定语从句，并作定语从句中expect的宾语，故选A。答案：A,还可能这样考Ihaveboughtthesamewatch_youhave.AthatBwhichCasDwhose解析：thesame.as.表示“与同样的”，强调两者完全相同。而such(a/an).as.则表示“像那样一类的”，强调两者之间类似。此外，若需表示“同一个”，强调两者是同一对象(人或物)，则使用“thesame.关系代词that/关系副词where”。,答案：C,2当非限制性定语从句的先行词不是主句中的某一个词，而是整个主句时，可以用which或as引导。注意：(1)如下情况一般用as：a从句意为“(正)像一样，(正)如一样”。,这样考过(2010海门市诊断性考试)ThatraisedthecostsofMedicare,_represented15%ofthefederalfundslastyear.A.itB.whatC.whichD.that答案：C,(2006天津)TheBeatles，_manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember，camefromLiverpool.AwhatBthatChowDas,解析：本题考查考生对定语从句的掌握和运用能力。本题句意为：“你们中许多年纪大的人会记的这一点甲壳虫乐队的成员是来自利物浦”。根据句子结构判断，空白处缺一引导非限制性定语从句的关联词，由于先行词并非仅指名词TheBeatles，而指“TheBeatlescamefromLiverpool”整个句子，应选择关系代词as，因此正确答案是D。答案：D,b从句位于句首，构成以下常见结构：asiswellknown众所周知；asoftenhappens这种情况经常发生；asisoftenthecase情况常常这样；asissupposed如所预料的；ashasbeenpointedout如所指出的，ashasbeensaidbefore如前所说；asisusual(某人)通常会。,这样考过(云南昆明质检)_isgenerallythecase，thosewhocarefortheweakestmembersofsocietyarerespected.AWhichBThatCWhatDAs解析：as引导方式状语，表示“正如一样”。答案：D,(常德测试卷)_isreportedinthenewspaper，peopleinSichuanProvincearerecoveringfromtheterribledisasterandlivinganormallife.AItBAsCThatDWhat解析：Asisreportedinthenewspaper“正如所报道的那样”。as用来引导非限制性定语从句，用来代替整个主句的内容。答案：B,(2)如下情况一般用which：主句和从句表示因果关系。这样考过(2007湖南)Byservingothers，apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself，_canbeveryeyeopeningandrewarding.AwhoBwhichCwhatDthat,解析：先行词为前面整句话所表达的内容，故用which引导一个非限定性定语从句。答案：B,(东北三校联考)Obamawontheelection.Itsamazing!Yes.Buttheresultwaswithin_wehadexpected，_broughtgreatjoytomanyyoungpeopleandtheblack.Athat;whichBthat;thatCwhat;whatDwhat;which解析：第一个空what作expect的宾语，指代前面的“theresult”；第二个空which引导非限定性定语从句。答案：D,非限制性定语从句是否定意义。这样考过(2007西城)Theprojectturnedouttobeverygood，_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.AwhatBthatCwhichDthis解析：定语从句的意思是：并非我们所预料的。答案：C,五、其他1分隔定语从句：定语从句与先行词之间被其他成分分隔开来，这种定语从句叫做分隔定语从句。此时须注意辨别从句的先行词：Thedaysaregonewhenwesufferedsomuch.以前那种受苦难的日子已过去了。(when引导的定语从句修饰days，中间被谓语aregone隔开),Thebossofthecompany，whosenamewasMr.Little，toldthestory.公司的老板名叫利特尔先生，他说明了情况。(whose引导的定语从句修饰boss，中间被介词短语ofthecompany隔开),这样考过(北京崇文区)ThephotographsofMs.Kerry，_sheoftenmakesherfamilymembershersubjects，areofgreatvalue.AforwhomBinwhichCaboutwhichDofwhom解析：先行词是ThephotographsofMsKerry定语从句“在照片里，她的家人是她拍摄的主题”，故选用inwhich。答案：B,2定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。注意：先行词前有oneof修饰，定语从句谓语动词用复数；先行词前有the(only)oneof修饰，定语从句谓语动词用单数。,这样考过(2010潍坊测试)Thisisoneofthebestfilms_thisyear.AtheyhavebeenshownBthathasbeenshownCthathavebeenshownDwhichhavebeenshown答案：C,1Themanshowedussuchaheavystone_nomancouldlift.AthatBasCwhichDand,答案与解析：B定语从句。当先行词被such，as，thesame，so等修饰时关系代词常用as引导定语从句。如从句中lift后有宾语it，则为结果状语从句，引导词用that。(友情提示：复习定语从句时，关注which和as代表整个句子时的区别)。,2SufficientsupplyofgasisthemajorconcerntotheEuropeanUnion，_anumberofmemberstatesareincreasinglydependentononesinglesupplier.AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhere,答案与解析：D考查定语从句的用法。句意为“足够的油气供应是欧盟主要关注的事情，在欧盟很多成员国越来越依赖于单一供应商。”在此“_anumberofmemberstatesareincreasinglydependentononesinglesupplier”是定语从句修饰先行词theEuropeanUnion，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故选D。本题容易误选A和B，是因为句子结构没判断准确。,3(2010安徽名校联考)Inouruniversitythereareseveralbigparks_westudentscangotoenjoythebeautifulscenery.AtowhichBatwhichCfromwhichDinwhich答案与解析：A本题考查定语从句。由gotoseveralbigparks“去公园”可知，句子中应用towhich来引导定语从句。后面的toenjoythebeautifulscenery做目的状语。,4Adozenfamilymembersgatheredatthetable_weretraditionallocalfoodssuchaspreservedhamsausage.AwhatBwhichCthatDwhere答案与解析：D考查定语从句的先行词。很显然先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以要用关系副词where，相当于onthetable；定语从句为倒装结构。,5TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings，_isoftenthecaseinothercountries.AwhatBasCsoDthat答案与解析：B考查定语从句。as引导非限制性定语从句，代替前面一句话，意为“正如，正像”。,6Bearsoftenhidethemselvesinplaces_cantbefoundbyhunters.AinwhichBwhereCthatD/答案与解析：C考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词，关系代词作主语时不可以省略，所以本题选择that，代替places。,7Thereareoftenoccasions_peoplearenotclearabouttheirrolesinthesociety.AwhyBwhichCwhenDwhat答案与解析：C考查定语从句。先行词是occasion，指物，也可指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词，选C。,8Itsonthefestivaloccasions_thefamilygettogether_hemisseshislatefather.Awhere;thatBwhich;whenCwhen;thatDthat;when答案与解析：C第一个空由when引导定语从句，修饰onthefestivaloccasions；第二个空为强调句型，Itsonthefestivaloccasionsthathemisseshislatefather.,9Nowadays，whenpeopletalkaboutmagicians，thefirstone_comesintotheirmindisLiuQian.AwhomBwhichCthatDwhat答案与解析：C考查定语从句。代替指人的先行词，并在从句中作主语，先行词由thefirst修饰，所以只能用that。,10(2010北京东城区)Whenyoulookforajob,itsnotyourbookknowledgebutyourexperience_mattersmore.AwhetherBwhichCwhatDthat答案与解析：D考查强调句型，强调原句主语。,11BillGateshascreatedawonderful“window”_peoplecansurftheInternetfreely.AthatBwhichCwhereDwhen答案与解析：C考查定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的辨析。先行词为awonderful“window”，连接词在从句中作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where。,12Thisisareadingroom，boy.Youmustactinaway_wontdisturbothers.AinwhichBitCwhichDas答案与解析：C考查定语从句。句意为：你的行为举止不能打扰别人(阅读)。空白处需要填一个关系代词，在从句中作主语，只能选C。,13John，_moneyisnoproblem，stillleadsasimplelife.AforwhoseBofwhoseCofwhomDforwhom答案与解析：D考查介词关系代词的用法。forsb.意思是：对于某人来说。先行词John在从句中作介词for的宾语。,14Aftertheadjustmentoffinancialpolicies，manynetizensputupposts,90percent_carriedthemessageofapproval.AofwhichBofwhomCofthemDofwhat答案与解析：A考查定语从句。句意为：在进行适度经济政策调整之后，许多网民发帖，其中90%的网民表示赞同，本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为posts，所以关系代词用which。,15Thebeautifulmountainvillage_wespentourholidaylastyearislocatedin_isnowpartofGuangxi.Awhich;whereBwhere;whatCthat;whatDwhen;which答案与解析：B考查从句的辨析。第一空引导定语从句，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以要用where引导；第二空引导名词性从句，what作介词in的宾语，同时在从句中作主语。,16Thepopulationofthevillagenearthesea，_aremakingtheireffortstodevelopeconomyoftheirown.AnearlyseventypercentofwhichdependonfishingBofwhichnearlyseventypercentdependsonfishingCnearlyseventypercentofwhomdependsonfishingDofwhomnearlyseventypercentdependonfishing答案与解析：Dpopulation为定语从句的先行词表示全体居民。,17MartinVanBurenwastheeighthPresidentoftheUnitedStatesandthefirst_nativelanguagewasnotEnglishbutDutch.AthatBwhoseCwhichDwhere答案与解析：B考查定语从句。名词thefirst(president)与nativelanguage之间是所有关系。故答案选B。,18(2010湖南师大附中)Alargenumberofstudentsgivemessagestotheirclosefriendsthroughthisradioclub，_hostsarealltheirschoolmates.AthatBofwhichCwhichDwhose答案：D,19OurclasswillputonawonderfulperformanceonOctober1，_wethinkisaveryimportantholidayinourcountry.AwhenBwhichCthatDwhat答案与解析：B要注意此句的结构，先行词为Oct.1，在定从句中作主语。其中wethink为插入语，选B。,20Pointingtothehouseon_roofgrewlotsofbush，theoldmantoldmethatwas_Iwouldstay.Aits;whatBwhose;whatCwhose;whereDits;where答案与解析：C“onwhoseroofgrewlotsofbush”是定语从句，修饰thehouse，whoseroofthehousesroof；第二个空格是表语从句的引导词，根据句意，应选where。,
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