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,假设你是李华，你的朋友Jack在海地留学，你从电视上了解到，2010年10月25日他所在的海地首都太子港发生霍乱（cholera）,你很为他担心。请根据所给出的建议，给Jack写封信，叮嘱他要保护好自己。 (改编) 建议：1. 尽量呆在家里, 少去人多的地方； 2. 勤洗手, 讲卫生，要喝干净水； 3. 多开窗, 保持空气流通； 4. 多吃洗干净的水果蔬菜。 注意:1. 词数120左右；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 范文背诵 Dear Jack, Im worried about you because the cholera broke out in the capital city of Haiti, Taizi port. I hope you can follow my advice on how to protect yourself from cholera.,Here are a few suggestions. First, to stay away from this disease, you had better stay at home as much as possible and not go to places where there are many people. Then, wash your hands more often to keep them clean and drink clean water. Besides, it is necessary to open the window to have more fresh air in the room. And you should eat more fruits and vegetables which are washed cleanly to keep yourself fit and strong. So far the disease is not so deadly as it seems to be. Do be at ease! Take care and youll be OK. Yours, Li Hua 句型背诵 Im worried about you because the cholera broke out in the capital city of Haiti, Taizi port. .you had better stay at home as much as possible and not go to places where there are many people. .it is necessary to open the window to have more fresh air in the room.,1. _ vi.(指火山)爆发;突然发生_n. 火山爆发；（战争等）爆发 2. _ n.问卷;调查表_n.威胁,12. _n. 小说家 _n.小说 13. _n. 雾 _adj. 有雾的 14. _ adj. 不舒服的；不舒适的 _adj. 舒服的 15. _adj. 失去知觉的;未察觉的 _adj. 有意识的 16. _ vt. 射中;射伤 _n. 枪炮声；射击 17. _adj.忧虑的;不安的 _n. 焦虑;渴望;担心 18. _ vt.保证；担保 答案：1. erupt; eruption 2. questionnaire; question 3. equipment；equip 4. appoint；appointment 5. evaluate；evaluation 6. wave 7. absolute；absolutely 8. suit; suitable 9. potential 10. actual; actually 11. threat；threaten 12. novelist；novel 13. fog；foggy 14. uncomfortable；comfortable 15. unconscious；conscious 16. shoot；shot 17. anxious；anxiety 18. guarantee,1. burn to the_ 全部焚毁 2. make ones _ 前往 3. _ through 匆匆看一遍 4. _ from.to. 由到不等 5. _ in 引进；引来 6. meet _ sb. 碰到/遇到某人 7. _ sb./sth. from. 保护某人/某物免遭 8. the first _ of. 第一次看见 9. be _ asleep 睡得很熟 10. be in _ 陷入恐慌（表状态） get _ a panic 陷入恐慌（表动作） 11. _ beabout. 对怀着热情 12. make an _ to do sth 努力做某事 答案：1. ground 2. way 3. glance 4. vary 5. bring 6. With 7. protect 8. sight 9. fast 10. panic; into 11. enthusiastic 12. effort,1. _ _ _ _ the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. 收集和评估这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。 2. I _ _ _ go back to sleep _ suddenly my bedroom became as bright as day. 我刚要再睡，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。 3. .we slowly _ _ _ _ the edge of the crater. 我们缓缓往火山口的边缘走去 答案：1. Having collected and evaluated 2. was about to; when 3. made our way to,1. appoint vt. 任命；委派 The teacher appointed him (to be) monitor.老师任命他为班长。 We appointed the school-house as place for the meeting. 我们确定校舍为会面地点。 He was appointed mayor of the city.他被任命为这个城市的市长。 Our visitors arrived at the appointed time. 我们的来宾在约定的时间到达了。 The leader appointed his secretary to take meeting notes. 该领导人让他的秘书做好会议记录。 常用结构： appoint sb.（to be）.任命某人为 appoint sb. to do sth.委派某人去做某事 appoint sth. (for sth.)(为某事)确定（日期、场所等） 【联想拓展】 appointed adj.约定的；指定的appointment n.约会；约定；委任,make an appointment with sb.与某人约会（非男女恋人之 间的约会，主要指工作、商 务方面的约会） keep/break ones appointment守约/违约 【即学即练】 完成句子 校长任命他当新主任。 The headmaster_ _ _ _ _ . 如果你想和他见面，你得提前预约。 If you want to meet him, you have to_ _ _ ahead of time. 答案：appointed him a new director make an appointment 2. anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的 The anxious husband awaited the birth of his son. 不安的丈夫等待着他儿子的诞生。 There is no need to be anxious about his health.,没有必要担心他的健康。 Do not be anxious to reply my letter, take good care of your mother. 给我回信不必着急，先照顾好你母亲。 常用结构： be anxious about/for.为担忧 be anxious to do sth.急切地做某事 be anxious for sb. to do sth.急于让某人做某事 be anxious that.急切希望（that从句用虚 拟语气，即should+v.,且 should 可以省略） 【联想拓展】 anxiety n.焦虑；渴望；担心 with anxiety焦虑地 【即学即练】 完成句子 我们都为他的安全而忧虑。 We _ _ _ his safety.,他急切地想与你会面。 He_ _ _ meet you. 答案：were anxious forwas anxious to 3. guarantee vt. 保证；担保 n. 保证；保修单；担保；抵押品 The rain guarantees a good crop this year. 这场雨保证了今年会有好收成。 My watch is guaranteed for one year. 我的表保修一年。 常用结构： guarantee to do sth.保证干某事 guarantee that.保证 guarantee.to sb.向某人担保/保证 give sb. a guarantee that.向某人保证 guarantee sb.against/from保证某人免受损害、危险等 【即学即练】 完成句子 我可以保证我完全是清白的。,I can_that I was totally innocent. 这项政策保证了我们免受全部损失。 The policy _ us _ all loss. 我们保证令顾客满意。 We _ satisfaction _ customers. 答案：guarantee guarantees；against guarantee；to 单项填空 Working hard is not only a _ of great success, but is among the essential requirements. A. sign B. signal C. guarantee D. supposition 解析：选C。由句意“努力工作不仅是巨大成功的保证，”可知，应选C项。 4. account n.报道；（书面或口头）报告；利益；账目 vi.解释；导致 vt.认为；把视为,These accounts show no consistency.这些报告前后不一致。 The accounts show we have spent more than we received. 账目表明我们支出多于收入。 I account myself well paid.我自认为收入颇佳。 常用结构： account for对负责；作出解释；说明原因 on account of由于；因为 take.into account考虑；顾及 【即学即练】 完成句子 杰克无法解释自己的愚蠢错误。 Jack could not_ _ his foolish mistake. 不能在这里游泳，有鲨鱼。 We cant swim here_ _ _ the sharks. 在决定做某件事情的时候，我们必须把所有的困难都考虑进去。 When deciding what to do we must _ _ _ all the difficulties. 答案：account for on account of take into account,单项填空 We must_ every penny we spend during a business trip. A. account for B. take on C. make up D. turn out 解析：选A。account for sth.意为“（对自己所掌管的钱等）作令人满意的交代”。 5. make ones way前往 Dickens made his way to the woods. 狄更斯朝树林走去。 Though it was raining hard, he made his way to school. 尽管雨下得很大，他还是朝学校赶去。 【联想拓展】 feel ones way摸索着走 fight/push ones way奋斗/挤着前进 lose ones way迷路 force ones way out挤出去；冲出去 show sb. the way为某人指路 get in the way妨碍 wind ones way 蜿蜒前行；迂回前进,【即学即练】 完成句子 世界上大约有30%的茶叶都出口到了伦敦。 Some thirty percent of the worlds exports of teaits London. 昨晚他是摸索着回家的。 He house last night. 天气因素可能会影响“发现号”航天飞机明日的发射。 The weather could for tomorrows NASA Discovery launch. 答案：makes；way tofelt his way toget in the way 6. burn to the ground 全部焚毁 He has no place to live in because his house has been burnt to the ground. 他无处栖身因为他的房子被烧毁了。 The teachershouses in Shanghai were burnt to the ground in the large fire in November 15, 2010. 在2010年上海“1115”特大火灾中，教师们的公寓被烧毁了。,【联想拓展】 burn away逐渐烧掉；消失 burn down(建筑物）烧毁；火势减弱 burn sth. off烧掉；蒸发 burn sb.up激怒；使大怒 burn sth. up焚毁；烧掉 burn out烧尽，熄灭 burn oneself out耗尽体力；积劳成疾 【即学即练】 单项填空 Be careful with fire, or it will_the whole building. A. burn down B. burn for C. burn up D. burn in 解析:选A。burn down (建筑物）烧毁；火势减弱；burn for渴望； burn up 烧毁；烧得更旺/亮，消耗；burn in 给留下不可磨灭的印象。根据句意，故选A。,7. I was fast asleep when suddenly my bed began shaking and I heard a strange sound, like a railway train passing my window. （P34）我睡得正酣，正在这时我的床开始晃动，我听到一种奇怪的声音，就像一列火车正从我窗外驶过。 when引导时间状语从句。在此状语从句中，and连接两个并列的句子。like a railway train passing my window为介词短语做定语，修饰sound，而a railway train passing my window为like的复合宾语。 I was fast asleep when suddenly there was a loud noise outside my room. 我睡得正香，就在这时房外传来巨大的噪音。 He was on a journey to Europe when he received her call. 他正在去欧洲的旅行途中，就在这时他接到了她的电话。 【联想拓展】 be+形容词/表示状态的介词短语+when. 在做某事，就在这时 be about to do sth. when.正要做某事，就在这时,be doing+when.正在做某事，就在这时（分句中的动作往往是短暂性的） had just done when.刚做过某事，就在这时 温馨提示：此时的when不可与while互换,也不可将when引导的从句置于句首。 【即学即练】 单项填空 The boys were about to go out to play football_suddenly it began to rain. A. when B. as C. while D. then 解析:选A。be about to do when.意为“正要做某事，就在这时” 。其中when相当于and just then，不可以用while, as等替换。 8. The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them.（P35） 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。 this being my first experience在句中充当状语，为独立主格结构。,独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 用法点拨： 独立主格结构基本构成形式： 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance. 黑夜笼罩着大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。 There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。,He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 【即学即练】 单项填空 The robber was brought to the judge,_. A. with his hands were fast tied B. his hands to be fast tied C. his hands fast tied D. his hand having been fast tied 解析:选C。独立主格结构是以短语的形式作定语或状语。“his hands fast tied”是一个由“名词+过去分词”构成的独立结构，这种结构的名词后还可以接介词短语等，在句中通常作状语。,.单词拼写 1. The story_ (使兴奋)the little boy very much. 2. On hot days we often go _ (洗澡) in the river. 3. I cant _ (评价) his ability without seeing his work. 4. I got into a _(惊慌) when I found the door was locked. 5. They studied the German market to find the _ (可能性) there for investment. 6. It was a cold, foggy day and the children were _b_. 7. Its many years since Mount Vesuvius _e_. 8. He drew _f_ animals with two heads and large wings. 9. Im _a_ to get home to open my presents. 10. They had to _c_ tomorrows football match because of the bad weather. 答案：1. exited2. bathing3. evaluate4. panic5. potential 6. bored7. erupted8. fantastic9. anxious10. cancel,1._ other methods, this one is relatively more effective. 2. I could easily imagine her_ him _ a man of fine quality. 3. The village was_ down _ during the war. 4. He asked if he might_ my album. 5. How do animals_ themselves_ hurting from the enemy? 6. We have to_ to finish the work on time.,. 用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空,7. She has_ friends here. 8. The book_ beginners to learn. 9. I_ the progress we have made. 10. Opinions on the issue _ person _ person. 答案：1. Compared with2. regarding; as 3. burn;to the ground4. glance through5. protect; from 6. make an effort7. quite a few8. was suitable for 9. was amazed at10. vary from; to . 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1. _ (receive) her letter for a long time, I phoned her to see what was wrong. 2. _(accept) as a member of the company, he took over the job of the former secretary. 3. Nobody can imagine her_（do）such an awful thing. 4. Charles Babbage is generally considered_ (invent)the first computer. 5. Always acting in a strange manner, Einstein must_ (appear) to people around to be mad.,答案：1. Not having received 2. having been accepted 3. doing 4. to invent 5. have appeared .单项填空 1. Although different in many ways, the British and the Americans_ many of the same customs. A. make B. take C. share D. give 解析：选C。 词义辨析题。share的意思是“共同有”，其他答案没有此意。 2. Grades would_from one or two，for outstanding or excellent，to six or seven，for poor or very poor. A. suffer B. differ C. come D. range 解析：选D。考查动词辨析。suffer from遭受，忍受；differ from与不同；come from来自于；range from延伸。 3. _ the problem may be, we must solve it ourselves. A. Whatever difficult B. How difficult C. However difficult D. No matter what difficult,解析：选C。句意为：不管问题有多难，我们都要独立解决。difficult为形容词，因此用how修饰，表示程度；however在这里没有转折的意思，相当于no matter how，因此答案为C。 4. Dark glasses are sometimes worn_ tothe eyes from strong sunlight. A. prevent B. care C. defend D. protect 解析：选D。protect.from意为“保护不受伤害”；prevent.from意为“阻止发生”。 5. There are twenty-eight classes in our school，_over 56 students. A. with each has B. each having C. which there are D. with each that has 解析：选B。 考查独立主格结构。两个句子之间有逗号隔开时，有四种表达形式：1)两个句子之间有并列连词；2)两个句子之间有从属连词；3)把其中一个句子改成非谓语动词的形式；4)改成独立主格结构的形式。此题中A项with是个介词，故要把has改为having的形式；C项要改成where there are的形式；D项表达不正确。,6. Though the girl_ to learn Japanese, she couldnt catch up with her classmates. A. made effort B. made all her efforts C. took every effort D. gave her efforts 解析：选B。 make all ones efforts为固定搭配，意为“尽某人全力”。 7. Mr Green thinks that, _ the situation would have got worse. A. if not dealing with carefully B. if having nor dealt with C. if not having been dealt with carefully D. if having not been dealt with carefully 解析：选C。句中插入的条件状语从句为省略句，是现在分词完成时被动式的否定形式。 否定词应置于分词之前。 8. Mr. Smith was _ flight to New York he remembered he had taken all the familys keys to the doors with him. A. at; while B. on; when C. at a; when D. on a; when,解析：选D。考查了表示“在飞行中”的介词短语on a flight；同时又考查了“.when.”结构，表示“就在这时”。when在本题中的意思相当于and just then，不可以用其他词代替。 9. Jumping out of_airplane at ten thousand feet is quite_exciting experience. A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the 解析：选C。第一空用an表示一类；第二空用an表示“一次（兴奋的经历）”。 10. I thought Mr Smith has been_ to get back to work. A. so well B. so good C. well enough D. good enough 解析：选C。考查固定搭配。enough to do意为“足够以至于”；well在这里是形容词，指“身体好”；good是形容词，但不合题意。 11. I hear Tom_playing games recently. _no wonder he is easy to feel sleepy in class. A. is addicted to；There is B. addicts；There is C. addicts；It is D. is addicted to；It is,解析：选D。be addicted to sth./doing sth.沉溺于某事/做某事；It is no wonder that.不足为奇，二者均为固定的表达形式。句意为：我听说近来Tom迷上了打游戏。他在课堂上老打盹就不奇怪了。 12. A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，_an increase in production. A. resulted in B. to result in C. result in D. resulting in 解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。这里是现在分词作结果状语。不定式和现在分词都可以作结果状语，不定式表示意想不到的结果，而现在分词表示意料之中的结果。 13. Sometimes we fail and sometimes we succeed.It is how you react that makes a_in life. A. development B. point C. progress D. difference 解析：选D。development发展，开发；point点，要点；progress进步，进展；difference不同，差别。句意为：我们每个人都时而会失败，时而会成功。怎样对待这些才是生活中真正重要的事情。make a difference起作用，有关系，影响。,14. The Chinese are looking forward to the first_to land on the moon after launching the lunar exploration satellite，Change，successfully. A. measure B. attempt C. purpose D. desire 解析：选B 。attempt to do sth.尝试/试图做某事，符合句意。 15. When_different cultures，we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 解析：选C。此处是连词when分词短语作时间状语，相当于一个状语从句，但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。此处从句的主语是we，compare这个动作是we主动进行的，应用现在分词表示。,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,同学们,来学校和回家的路上要注意安全,
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