《高二非谓语动词》PPT课件.ppt

,非谓语动词,在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。,一、什么叫做非谓语动词,由于自身的特点和复杂性，非谓语动词是中学生较难掌握语法项目之一，也是短文改错命题的一个热点。非谓语动词内容很多，因此命题的知识点也有很多。短文改错除了考查非谓语动词的基本功能外，还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。,易错点回顾：下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动名词：belongto,objectto(反对)，devoteoneself/onestime/energyto，getdownto(着手干)，leadto(通向，导致)，payattentionto，lookforwardto(盼望)，beusedto(习惯于)，stickto(坚持),seeto,referto,turnto等。误Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgiveupthejob.正Hiswholefamilyobjectedtohisgivingupthejob.,2.下列动词后只能跟不定式：afford,agree,ask,attempt,choose,decide,hope,expect,intend,learn,long,manage,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish等。误Heofferedhelpingme.正Heofferedtohelpme.,3.下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词：admit(承认)，appreciate,avoid,canthelp(禁不住)，stand(忍受)，consider(考虑，打算)，enjoy,escape(躲避)，excuse,finish,giveup,imagine,insiston,mind,miss（错过）,practice,putoff,risk,setabout,suggest(建议)等。误Headmittedtobreakthewindow.正Headmittedbreakingthewindow.,4.下列动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：forgettodo(忘记了要干什么)forgetdoing(忘了干过的事情)regrettodo(指当时或现在遗憾地做什么)regretdoing(后悔做了什么事情)trytodo(试图干)trydoing(尝试干)stopdoing(停止干)stoptodo(停下来去干另一件事情)Meantodo(打算做某事）Meandoing（意味着）goontodo(继续去干另一件事情)goondoing(继续干同一件事情)误Heregrettedtohurthisbestfriend.正Heregrettedhurtinghisbestfriend.析表示后悔干过，regret后跟动名词。,5.下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,like,love,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。误Myfatherhadexpectedmegoingtocollege.正Myfatherhadexpectedmetogotocollege.析期望某人干是expectsb.todosth.。,6.下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,feel,lookat,listento等。误Theboywasmadewashthetruckasapunishment.正Theboywasmadetowashthetruckasapunishment.,7.在easy,difficult,hard,interesting,pleasant等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。误Ifindthearticledifficulttobeunderstood.正Ifindthearticledifficulttounderstand.,9.由不及物动词构成不定式且不定式与其有逻辑上的动宾关系时，动词的后面需加适当的介词补充说明前面的名词或代词。误Heiswellpreparedfortheexamandhasnothingtoworry.正Heiswellpreparedfortheexamandhasnothingtoworryabout.析worry是不及物动词，且与前面的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此后面需加介词。,二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：,不定式（todo）现在分词（doing）过去分词（done）动名词（doing）,三、非谓语动词的特征,1、动词特征：,A、时态：一般式完成式todotohavedonedoinghavingdone,Ithinkitwise_(ask)himforadvice.Theyseem_(finish)theirwork._(do)hishomework,hewentoutforplay.Hesentmeane-mail,_(hope)togetmoreadvice.,toask,tohavefinished,Havingdone,hoping,1.Surelyherdaughterwouldmakeanevenbiggereffort_her?A.pleasingB.tohavepleasedC.topleaseDhavingpleased2.Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported_twenty-fiveyearsagewhenDr.Adudonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup,C,C,B、语态：主动语态被动语态todotobedonetohavedonetohavebeendonedoingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone,Heasked_(send)toworkinthefactory.Heissaid_(send)toLondonalready.Thisistheproblem_(discuss)atthemeetingnow._manytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.,tobesent,tohavebeensent,beingdiscussed,Havingbeentold,注：1.非谓语动词的否定结构非谓语动词的否定结构是：not+非谓语动词,Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilfoodaftertheoperation.Notknowingwhattodo,hephonedhimagain.Tonywasunhappyfornothavingbeeninvitedtotheparty.,1.The_(excite)peoplerushedintothebuilding.2.Whenwecametoschoolthatmorning,wefoundallthewindows_.A.beingstolenB.tobestolenC.stolenD.tohavebeenstolen3.Theteacherstoodthere_byhisstudents.A.tobesurroundedB.surroundedC.havingsurroundedD.tohavebeensurrounded,excited,C,B,一、不定式与动名词作主语,不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。,动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。,_withfireisdangerous.A.PlayingB.Toplay_withfirewillbedangerous.A.ToplayB.Playing,A,A,Iappreciated_theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.A.havingbeengivenB.havinggivenC.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven2.Revolutionmeans_theproductiveforces.A.toliberate.B.tohaveliberatedC.liberatingD.havingbeingliberated,A,C,3.Theteacherdoesntpermit_inclass.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.tohaveasmoke4.Shepretended_mewhenIpassedby.A.nottoseeB.notseeingC.tonotseeD.havingnotseen,C,A,二、动名词与不定式作宾语,在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。,非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：,A.以下动词常接不定式作宾语,wish、ask、promise、pretend、faildecide、learn、agree、manage、demand、plan、refuse、seem、expect,B.以下动词常接动名词作宾语,suggest、finish、enjoy、mind、avoid、miss、practise、excuse、consider、canthelp,1.like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式时，表示具体得某次动作，尤其是将来的动作；接动名词时，表示习惯、经验、体会。,Ipreferbeingalone.Iprefertostayathometoday.,C.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词,注2.remember、forget、regret等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的动作。,Iforgottellinghimthenews.Iforgottotellhimthenews.Idontrememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.,注3.want、need、require等此后接不定式用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：。,Yourwatchneedsrepairingtoberepaired.Thewindowsneedpaintingagaintobepaintedagain.,IfIhadremembered_(close)thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.2.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_(rest)onabigrockbythesideofthepath.3.Thissentenceneeds-(improve).,toclose,torest,improving/tobeimproved,4.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding5.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing,C,A,6.Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_.AcatchingBtobecaughtCbeingcaughtDtocatch7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_inourcity.A.needsrepairingB.needingrepairedC.neededrepairingD.needingtoberepaired,C,D,8.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_(sail)acrosstheAtlanticOceanin15days.9._(help)bytheirteacher,thestudentsfinishedthetasksuccessfully.,Helped,sailing,三、非谓语动词作状语,1.现在分词(v+ing)作状语表示主动和进行的动作。2.过去分词(v+ed)有两大特点，一是表被动的动作；二是表已完成的动作。,1.时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。2.原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。3.条件状语：可加连词if,unless等；也可换成条件状语从句。4.让步状语：有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whetheror等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。5.方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。,A.现在分词与过去分词作状语,1.表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。2.表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。3.表示条件（多置于句首）。4.表示让步（多置于句首）。5.表示结果（多置于句末）。6.表示方式或伴随（多置于句末）。,B.不定式作状语,不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、条件等。（just/only）,Shelookedintothewindow,andwantedtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.,Shelookedintothewindowtoseewhatwasgoingoninside.Shehurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthemoviestarhadgoneaway.,注：表目的的不定式还常与soas或inorder连用，构成soas(not)todo和inorder(not)todo结构，其中soas(not)todo不能用于句首。,Togetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Inordertogetthereintime,wegotupveryearly.=Wegotupveryearly(inorder/soas)togetthereintime.,Tomkeptquietabouttheaccidentsothathewouldnotlosehisjob.,=soasnottolosehisjob.,动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和before,after,on,by,in,without等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：,C.动名词作状语,Withoutsayingaword,hewentaway.OnarrivinginBeijing,hetelephonedme.Oncominginshelaidafileofdocumentsuponthetable.,_(know)thathewonthematch,hethrewthecapintothesky.2._(finish)thehomework,thelittlegirldoesntdaretogotoschool.3._(write)insimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.4._(become)ateacherinauniversity,itisnecessarytohaveatleastamastersdegree.,Havingknown,Nothavingfinished,Written,Tobecome,6.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.AhavingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added7._upathisfather,heaskedwhatwasthematterwithhim.A.HavinglookedB.LookingC.TolookD.Look8._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered,C,B,A,不定式,现在分词与过去分词作补足语的区别:不定式:强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全过程。过去分词:强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的动作。表被动或完成之意。现在分词:强调被补足的宾语或主语正进行的动作。常见有以下几种用法：,四、非谓语动词作补足语,1.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如hear,feel,find,give,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,smell,watch等词的句子中。（感官动词）,2.表示“致使”等意义的动词，如catch,have,get,keep,leave,set的句子中。（使役动词）,3.with引导的结构中,Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_(take)careof.2.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem_(settle)soquickly.3.Icouldfeelthewind_(blow)onmyfacefromanopenwindow.,taken,settled,blowing,4.Withalotofwork_,hedidntgotothefilm.A.tobedoneB.todoC.doingD.havingdone5.Heknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_inalldirectionsbefore_.A.flying;senttosleepB.flying;sendingtosleepC.tofly;tobesenttosleepD.tofly;sendingsleeping,B,A,五、非谓语动词作表语,1.Thisbookisreally_.A.toentertainB.entertainedC.entertaining2.Hegrewmore_andalittle_whenhegottothemysteriouscave.A.exciting;frightenedB.exciting;frighteningC.excited;frightenedD.excited;frightening3.Themainjoboftheantqueenis_eggs.A.tolayB.layingC.lainD.laid,C,C,B,4.Theboywas_,soIdidntbelievehimagain.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.todisappoint5.Atthesightofthesnake,thelittlegirlgot_.A.tobefrightenedB.frighteningC.frightened,A,C,现在分词(V+ing)作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进行的,主动的动作。过去分词(V+ed)作定语：表示一个已经完成了的,被动的动作。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个过去或将来的动作。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途。,六、非谓语动词作定语,Hefoundagoodhouse_.A.livingB.toliveC.toliveinD.livingin2.Thechildhasnothing_.A.toworryaboutB.worryingaboutC.toworryD.tobeworriedabout5.Haveyougotanything_?A.tobesentB.tosentC.sendingD.beingsent,C,A,A,