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ReadingSkillsTranslationPracticeGuidedWritingListeningandSpeakingEnglishSongs,SkillsDevelopmentandPractice,ReadingSkills,ReadingSkills:DistinguishingFactsfromOpinions,EXAMPLE:IbelievethatmostAmericanswouldnotwantmyjob.Iworkfromninetofive,sixdaysaweek.TheroomIworkinis14by20feet.Tenpeopleworkinthatspace.Therearenowindows.Weregiventwentyminutesforlunch.Thereisnoovertimepay.,Practice1Beingabletodistinguishfactsfromopinionswillhelpyoutograsptheauthorspointofviewsothatyoumayachievebettercomprehensioninyourreading.Readthefollowingexample.,QUESTIONS:1.Whatopinionabouthisjobdoestheauthorexpress?Underlineit.2.Circlethefactsthattheauthorusestodevelopthatopinion.,ReadingSkills,IbelievethatmostAmericanswouldnotwantmyjob.,highlights:workfromninetofive,sixdaysaweek,workina14by20feetroom,tenpeopleareinthespace,nowindows,giventwentyminutesforlunch,noovertimepay,QUESTIONS:3.ChoosefromTextAorTextB4sentences,ofwhich2sentencesexpressfactsand2sentencesexpressopinions.,ReadingSkills,NewsmagazinessuchasTime,Newsweek,andUSNewsandWorldReportarepublishedweekly.(Fact,TextA)Theycontainarticlesabouttheimportantnationalandinternationalnewsoftheweek,andspecialsectionsaredevotedtonewsaboutsuchareasasbusiness,science,education,andarts.(Fact,TextA)Inmyopinion,thewritingisonthewall.(Opinion,TextB)Peoplearenotwillingtowaitforaslongasadaytofindoutwhathappened.(Opinion,TextB),Practice2ReadthestatementsanddecidewhethertheyareFACTS(F)orOPINIONS(O).,ReadingSkills,1.Ifeelthattheclosingofthefactorywilldestroytheeconomyofthisregion.2.Pollsofsportswritersshowamajorityfavorthenewbaseballrules.3.Ourcriminaljusticesystemisingreattrouble.4.Becauseofinjuredortradedplayers,theteamsperformanceisnowlowercomparedwithlastyears.5.Threemillioncreditcardsarestoleneveryyear.6.Someofthetelevisioncommercialsarenotinteresting.7.Californiaisthebestplaceforretiredpeople.8.Thereisnoquestionoftherelationshipbetweencigarettesmokingandlungcancer(肺癌).9.Advertisingisabiganddifficultbusiness.10.Weworkforaliving.,F,F,F,O,O,O,O,O,O,O,E-CTranslationSkillsPractice,TranslationPractice,TranslationPractice,E-CTranslationSkills,I.省略译：为了使译文符合汉语习惯，将原文中的有些词省略不译省略译是将原文中的有些词省略不译，以使译文符合汉语习惯。省略译所省去的大多是英语中因为语法上的需要而存在，但根据汉语习惯并不需要译出的词。如英语的冠词、介词、连词、代词，有的在句子中不具实际意义，翻译时一般可以省略。另外，从修辞角度考虑，还可以省略一些汉语中可有可无的词。例如:1.Thehorseisausefulanimal.马是有用的动物。（省译冠词the,a）2.Smokingisprohibitedinpublicplaces.公共场所不准吸烟。（省译介词in）3.Icandoit,andsocanyou.我能做，你也能做。（省译并列连词and）,TranslationPractice,E-CTranslationSkills,4.Ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（省译连词if）5.Liquidshavenodefiniteshape,yettheyhaveadefinitevolume.液体没有一定的形状，但有一定的体积。（省译人称代词they）6.Heshruggedhisshoulders,shookhishead,castuphiseyes,butsaidnothing.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。（省译物主代词his）7.Asquarehasfourequalsides.正方形四边相等。（省译冠词a、动词have）8.Inwinter,itismuchcolderintheNorththanitisintheSouth.冬天，北方比南方冷得多。（省译介词in、非人称代词it）,TranslationPractice,E-CTranslationSkills,II.常用结构译法介绍1.Therebe.+attributive:Therebe结构是英语中常见的一种句型，一般和地点状语连用，表示存在，通常可译成汉语的无主句“某处有”。但有时这种句型往往不带地点状语，而是在其主语后带定语。Therebe结构中主语带后置定语的句子通常可译成汉语的兼语式无主句，即把原文句子的主语译成兼语(宾语兼主语)，把原文中的后置定语译成兼语式的谓语及其有关成分。,TranslationPractice,E-CTranslationSkills,例如：1)Therearestillquestionsandhappeningsthatwecall“supernatural”becausewedonotunderstandthem.仍有许多问题和现象由于我们没有理解而被说成“超自然”。2)Andyet,asdeepaswegointothings,therearealwaysmysteriesthatliejustbeyondourunderstanding.然而，尽管我们对事物有深入研究，但总有一些神秘的现象使我们无法理解。3)Therearemanydifficultiestobedealtwithwhenoneisstartinganewbusiness.新开一家商行有许多困难要克服。,TranslationPractice,E-CTranslationSkills,第一句译文中的“问题和现象”一词既作“有”的宾语，又作“被说成”的主语；第二句译文中的“现象”一词既作“有”的宾语，又作“使我们”的主语；第三句译文中的“困难”一词既作“有”的宾语，又作“要克服”的主语。这种句式即是汉语的兼语式。第二句也可译成：然而，尽管我们对事物有深入研究，但总有一些我们无法理解的神秘现象。这种句型有时也可用融合法进行翻译，第三句还可译成：新开一家商行要克服许多困难。,TranslationPractice,E-CTranslationSkills,2.aswellas:短语连词aswellas连接并列成分时既相当于both.and又相当于notonly.butalso。作notonly.butalso解释时，重点在前面，AaswellasB=notonlyBbutalsoA，翻译时要注意语序。例如：1)IreadFrenchandGermanaswellasEnglish.我不仅读英语，而且读法语和德语。2)MaryspeaksChineseaswellasEnglish.玛丽既讲英语也讲汉语。,TranslationPractice,Practice3TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.,1.Acensusistheofficialcountofthenumberofpeoplelivinginacity,state,orcountry.2.Hydrogenisthelightestelementwithanatomicweightof1.008.3.Thefinishedproductsshouldbesampledtochecktheirqualitybeforetheyleavethefactory.,成品在出厂前应该进行抽样检查。,人口调查是对居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的全部人数的统计。,或：人口调查就是正式统计居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的全部人数。,氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1.008。,TranslationPractice,Practice3TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.,4.Candidatesforthiscompanyareexpectedtobeskilledatusingacomputer.5.Lightasitcomesfromthesunisamixtureoflightofmanydifferentcolours.6.Heworksasusualasifnothinghappenedtohim.,他照常工作，好像什么事也没有发生过。,这家公司要求应聘人员能熟练使用计算机。,太阳光是由许多不同颜色的光混合而成的。,TranslationPractice,Practice4TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.,1.Thetypicaldailynewspapercontainsarticlesaboutlocal,regional,national,andinternationalnews,aswellassportsnews,weatherreports,editorials,andotherfeatures.2.TheSundaypapers,ontheotherhand,areintendedtoentertainaswellasinform,andtheytendtobereadleisurelybyallmembersofthefamily.,而星期天的报纸除了提供信息之外，还提供娱乐内容，供所有家庭成员阅读消遣。,典型的日报刊载本地新闻、区域新闻、国内新闻和国际新闻，以及体育新闻、气象预报、社论和其他特辑等。,TranslationPractice,3.Theycontainarticlesabouttheimportantnationalandinternationalnewsoftheweek,andspecialsectionsaredevotedtonewsaboutsuchareasasbusiness,science,education,andarts.4.Ihaveheardincreasingdiscussionaboutwhetherdailynewspaperswillcontinuetoexistbutthiswasthefirstrealacknowledgementthattraditionalnewspapersareindeepenoughtroubletoconsiderchangesthatwereonceunthinkable.,Practice4TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.,我已经听到越来越多有关日报是否会继续生存的讨论，可是这一回是真正地承认传统报纸深陷困境，要考虑改革，以前这些改革曾经是不可思议的。,它们刊载一周国内和国际的重要新闻，还有一些专栏则刊登有关商业、科学、教育和艺术等领域的新闻。,TranslationPractice,5.Inmyopinion,thewritingisonthewall.BecauseoftheInternet,nationalandinternationalnewscertainlyhasbecomean“instantaccess”commodity.Peoplearenotwillingtowaitforaslongasadaytofindoutwhathappened.,Practice4TranslatethesentencesintoChinese.,在我看来，（传统报纸的）厄运临头的预兆已经出现。由于有了互联网，国内新闻和国际新闻无疑已成为了“即时可获得的”商品。人们不愿去等上一整天只是为了解过去发生些什么。,TranslationPractice,Practice5TranslatethesentencesintoEnglishwiththewordsorexpressionsgiven.,1.我们一定要努力学习，以赶上时代的步伐。(keepupwith)2.他们经常为市场提供新产品。(supply.with)3.这份报纸的这一版面都用于刊登当地新闻。(devoteto)4.他们认为有必要对自己网站上的每日新闻提供深度报道。(v.+it+a.+tov.),Theyconsideritnecessarytogivein-depthreportsofdailynewsontheirwebsite.,Wemuststudyhardtokeepupwiththetimes.,Theyoftensupplythemarketwithnewcommodities.,Thispageofthenewspaperisdevotedtolocalnews.,TranslationPractice,Practice5TranslatethesentencesintoEnglishwiththewordsorexpressionsgiven.,5.虽然电视和电台都能更快地提供新闻，但它们在提供深度见解方面却是有局限性的。(belimitedin)6.尽管我自己有一个庞大的联络网，可我也做不到对任何事情都一直了解得一清二楚。(ontopof),EventhoughImyselfhaveahugenetwork,Icannotbeontopofeverythingallthetime.,Televisionandradiocanalldelivernewsfaster,buttheyarelimitedinprovidingin-depthinsights.,GuidedWriting,Practice6Rewritethesentencesusingthejoiningwordsinbrackets.,MODEL:Ireachedtheschool.Itwashalfpasteight.(when)Ireachedtheschoolwhenitwashalfpasteight.,GuidedWriting,Practice6Rewritethesentencesusingthejoiningwordsinbrackets.,1.Timwillhavetofindajob.Thenhecansupporthisfamily.(sothat)2.Johnworkedverylatelastnight.Heintendedtosolvethisproblem.(because)3.Ididnotrealizetheimportanceofthemeeting.Hetoldmeaboutit.(until)4.Carterdiscoveredanancienttomb.Strangereportsappearedinthenewspaper.(after),StrangereportsappearedinnewspaperafterCarterdiscoveredanancienttomb.,Timwillhavetofindajobsothathecansupporthisfamily.,Johnworkedverylatelastnightbecauseheintendedtosolvethisproblem.,Ididnotrealizetheimportanceofthemeetinguntilhetoldmeaboutit.,GuidedWriting,Practice6Rewritethesentencesusingthejoiningwordsinbrackets.,5.Manypeoplewereabsent.Wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.(since)6.Myfatherhelpsmewithmyhomework.Hedoesthiswhenhehastime.(whenever)7.Anybookwilldo.Itisinteresting.(aslongas)8.Youllmissthetrain.Youarequick.(unless),Youllmissthetrainunlessyouarequick.,Sincemanypeoplewereabsent,wedecidedtoputthemeetingoff.,Myfatherhelpsmewithmyhomeworkwheneverhehastime.,Anybookwilldoaslongasitisinteresting.,GuidedWriting,Practice7MakenecessarychangesandadditionstoeachofthesegroupsofwordsandphrasessothatyougetacompletetelephonemessagefromMr.Burrowstohissecretary,MissBrown,explaininghisabsence.,MODEL:She/not/come/office/yesterdayShedidnotcometotheofficeyesterday.,GuidedWriting,Practice7MakenecessarychangesandadditionstoeachofthesegroupsofwordsandphrasessothatyougetacompletetelephonemessagefromMr.Burrowstohissecretary,MissBrown,explaininghisabsence.,1.Be/thatyou/MissBrown2.This/beBurrows3.I/be/unable/come/office/thismorning,Iamunabletocometotheofficethismorning.,Isthatyou,MissBrown?,ThisisBurrows.,GuidedWriting,Practice7MakenecessarychangesandadditionstoeachofthesegroupsofwordsandphrasessothatyougetacompletetelephonemessagefromMr.Burrowstohissecretary,MissBrown,explaininghisabsence.,4.I/feel/unwell/yesterday/call/doctor5.He/come/evening/examineme6.He/say/I/have/mildattack/fever,HesaidIhadamildattackoffever.,Ifeltunwellyesterdayandcalledthe/adoctor.,Hecameintheeveningandexaminedme.,GuidedWriting,Practice7MakenecessarychangesandadditionstoeachofthesegroupsofwordsandphrasessothatyougetacompletetelephonemessagefromMr.Burrowstohissecretary,MissBrown,explaininghisabsence.,7.Andhe/advise/me/stay/bed/fewdays8.I/hope/I/be/better/byThursday9.Please/not/worry/anything/tillthen,IhopeIshallbebetterbyThursday.,Andheadvisedmetostayinbedforafewdays.,Pleasedonotworryaboutanythingtillthen.,GuidedWriting,请假条请假条有事假条、病假条等。请假条是由个人向主管提交的，因此文体应正规，内容须紧凑，理由要充分，必要时，应附上证明。,Practice8,GuidedWriting,EXAMPLE1:,DearSir,Owingtoabadcold,Iamunabletoattendclassestoday.Inowsubmitamedicalcertificateissuedbythedoctor.Hopingyouwillexcusemynon-attendance.Yoursrespectfully,GeorgeR.Finlay,GuidedWriting,EXAMPLE2:,English1stYear,ClassAApril25,2008ToDepartmentOfficeSecretaryFrick:AsmybrotherismovingtoCanadatomorrow,Ishallbeverymuchobligedifyouwillgrantmemyapplicationforonedaysleavetomorrow.Yoursrespectfully,RobinFord,GuidedWriting,Practice8,按上述样式写一张因头痛而不能上课的请假条。,English2ndYear,ClassBApril21,2008ToDepartmentOfficeMs.Smith,Owingtoasevereheadache,Ishallbeunabletoattendclassestoday.Iencloseamedicalcertificatefromthedoctor.Hopingyouwillexcusemynon-attendance.Yoursrespectfully,LiMing,1.Listenandpractice.Sampledialogue1Sampledialogue2,PartIConversationPractice:GivingAdvice,ListeningandSpeaking,ListeningandSpeaking,Salesman:_thiswoodenvase?Itsveryniceanditwillcertainly_.MissSmith:Oh,thisiswhatIwant,_.Ilikeitverymuch.Illtakeit.Salesman:ShallIpackitforyou?Mark:Yesplease._inthissilkhandkerchief?Salesman:Sure._towrapitupthisway?Mark:_.Thanks.,2.Nowlistentoadialogueandfillintheblankswiththeinformationyougetfromthetape.,Howdoyoulike,remindyouofChina,atypicalChinesesouvenir,Canyoupackthebox,Wouldyoulikeme,Great,Mr.Brown:_(您能否给我提些建议)onhowtospendthetwodaysIllstayinBeijing?MissJiang:Twodays?Ithink_(你应该去一趟)theMingTombsandtheGreatWall.Mr.Brown:_(那么紫禁城(theForbiddenCity)呢)?MissJiang:_(那留着明天去).YoucouldvisittheForbiddenCityandtheSummerPalaceonthesecondday.Mr.Brown:Itsoundsmarvelous!But_(我们还有足够的时间看京剧吗)?MissJiang:Yes._(如果你不觉得太累的话),youcouldgotothetheatreintheevening.,NowlistentoanotherdialogueandthentranslatetheChinesesentencesintoEnglishaccordingtotheinformationyougetfromthetape.,ListeningandSpeaking,Couldyougivemesomeadvice,youshouldvisit,ThenhowabouttheForbiddenCity,Thatsforthesecondday,willwehavetimetoenjoyBeijingOpera,Ifyouarenttootired,4.Nowlistentothethirddialogueandtrytoplaythesalesgirlspart.,ListeningandSpeaking,Mrs.Black:IdliketobuysometypicalChinesegiftsformyhusbandinEngland.Couldyourecommendsomethingforme?Salesgirl:_Mrs.Black:Oh,itssolovely.ButImafraidImightbreakitonmywayhome.Salesgirl:_Mrs.Black:Great,thanksalot.Salesgirl:_,Howaboutthisteaset,maam?Itswell-knownallovertheworld.,Dontworry.Illpackitinabeautifulbox.,Yourewelcome,PartListeningPractice,ListeningandSpeaking,1.Listentothepeopletalkingaboutwheretobuysomeofthethingstheyneed.Whydidtheydecidetogototheshopstheychose?Choosethecorrectanswers,ListeningandSpeaking,2-1.Youaregoingtohearashortpassage.Listentoittwiceandthenputtheanswertothequestionintheblank.Question:Whatgoodwilltheserulesdotoyou?Answer:,Theywillletushaveabigchancetolivetoagoodoldage.,ListeningandSpeaking,2-2.Listentothepassageagainandtick()whichofthefollowingarementionedandwhicharenotmentionedasthegoldenrules?,ListeningandSpeaking,2-2.Listentothepassageagainandtickout()whichofthefollowingarementionedandwhicharenotmentionedasthegoldenrules?,EnglishSongs,EnglishSongs,IllAlwaysLoveYou,IllalwaysloveyouFortherestofmydaysYouhavewonmyheartandmysoulWithyoursweet,sexywaysYougavemehopeWhenIneededsomeonenearYoubringmehappinessEverydayofeveryyearAndIllalwaysloveyouForallthatyouareYouhavemademylifecompleteYouremyluckystarYouraretheoneThatIdbeensearchingforYouaremyeverythingTellmewhocouldaskformore,EnglishSongs,AndIllalwaysloveyouHoney,thiswillneverendIneedyoubymyside,babyOh,myfriendYougavemyworldAthrillIveneverknownAndfilledmyeagerheartWithalovetocallmyownAndIllalwaysloveyouYoumustknowhowmuchIdoYoucancountonmeforeverAndIwilltakegoodcareofyouIllalwaysloveyouImsohappythatyourmineIalwaysloveyouTilltheendoftime,EnglishSongs,1Script,ListeningandSpeaking,1)A:Wheredoyouwanttogettheflowers?B:TheresalwaysabetterchoiceatRegal,butthestaffarealwayssorude.Idontwanttoshopthereagain.LetsgotoBettys.2)A:Whereshallwegoforthebread?B:WestsandKingsarebothverygood.ButIthinkthebreadsfresheratWests,soletsgothere.3)A:Iwantacoupleofbooks.ShallwegototheUniversityBookshop?B:Yes,goodidea.TheyrenotusuallyasexpensiveasHillsBookshop.4)A:Whereshallwegoforsomepaint,CrestorTed?B:LetsgotoCrest.Therearemorechoicesthere.,PartIIListeningPractice,2-1Script,ListeningandSpeaking,Ifyouwanttolivealonglife,youshouldfollowthesegoldenrules.Youshouldbemarried,liveinasmalltownandhaveajobthatrequiresphysicalactivities.Andyoushouldnotsmoke.Norshouldyoubecomeover-weight.Youshoulddrivewithinthespeedlimitsandwearasafety-belt.Andyoushouldhaveregularmedicalcheck-ups.Ifyoufollowtheserules,youwillhaveabigchancetolivetoagoodoldage.,PartIIIListeningPractice,
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