大学英语B级语法部分网考辅导.ppt

,大学英语B网考辅导,语法精讲与样题分析,主讲曾仲贤,语法知识归纳,一、非谓语动词,二、情态动词和虚拟语气,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,非谓语动词的三种形式,语法知识归纳,一、非谓语动词,1、哪些动词接不定式，哪些接动名词，哪些动词即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但是词义不同。,2、不定式、动名词的复合结构及其时态和语态。,3、不定式符号to的省略与否。,4、现在分词与过去分词的区别。,1、接不定式作宾语的动词有,afford,agree,decide,determine,expect,hope,manage,refuse,offer,pretend等。,55.He_toarrangealoanthroughafinancecompany.(test1)A.triedB.succeededC.managedD.endeavored,c,考点分析：succeed(in)doingsth,endeavortodosth表示“尝试、试图”，而magagetodosth表示“设法做某事”,2、不定式中的to是否省略,1)感官动词feel,hear,listento,see,lookat,notice,watch以及使役动词have,let,make等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些动词变成被动语态时，动词不定式要加上to.如：,Mummakesmeeateggseveryday.,Immadetoeateggseveryday(bymum).,2)不定式用作介词but和except的宾语时，如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带to,否则不定式要带to.如：,46.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut_thepolice.(test4)A.calledinB.callinginC.callinD.tocallin,49.Theytalkedinwhispers,butstill,Icouldnthelpbut_theirconversation.(test5)A.overhearB.tooverhearC.overhearingD.overheard,A,D,注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to:cannothelpbutdo(不得不）candonothingbutdocannotchoosebutdocannotdoanythingbutdo(只能做),3)在情态动词如：hadbetter,wouldratherthan之后不用to,动词help后，to可带可不带。,3、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名词作宾语,1)admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,consider,escape,enjoy,finish,mind,practise,risk,suggest,52.Idontknowwhysheavoids_hisopiniononthesubject.(Test3)A.togiveB.tobegivenC.givingD.beinggiven,c,50.Hersun-tannedfacesuggestedthatshe_inexcellenthealth.(Test6)A.beB.isC.wasD.were,c,2)canthelp,cantstand,giveup,feellike,putoff,bebusy,havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime,beusedto,seeto,beopposedto,besentencedto,admitto,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,46.Jeandidnothavetimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy_forherexam.(Test1)A.toprepareB.tobepreparedC.preparingD.beingprepared,c,57.I_goingtothedoctor,butIwishIhadnt.(Test1)A.pickoutB.makeoutC.giveoffD.putoff,d,46.Thematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers_amatchwithoutastandardcourt.(Test6)A.objectedtohavingB.objectedtohaveC.wereobjectedtohaveD.wereobjectedtohaving,a,4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上又区别，要特别注意。,forget/remember,todosth忘记/记住去做某事,doingsth忘记/记住已做某事,53.IfIhadremembered_thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.(Test3)A.tocloseB.closingC.tohaveclosedD.havingclosed,a,stop,todosth停下来接着做另一件事,doingsth停止做某事,try,todosth努力/试图做某事,doingsth尝试着做某事,mean,goon,todosth意欲/想/企图做某事,doingsth意味着做某事,todosth（做完某事）接着做另一件事,doingsth继续做同一件事,(=goonwithsth),2)动词need,require,want和beworth,need/require/want,doing/tobedone,sb.todosth.,Thewindowneeds/requires/wants,cleaning.,tobecleaned.,beworth,+n.,doing,Theplaceisworthvisiting.(主动表被动含义。,5、分词现在分词和过去分词,1）区别：掌握八个字。,分词,现在分词：主动、进行,过去分词：被动、完成,2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行，还未完成。,46.Airpollution_,thiscityisstillagoodplacetolivein.(Test3)A.beinggreatlyreducedB.greatlybeingreducedC.togreatlyreduceD.greatlytoreduce,a,47.ManyAmericansworryaboutleisureandhurryfromoneactivitytothenext,_littletimetostopandthink.(Test3)A.leaveB.leavingC.leftD.toleave,b,54.Cambridgehasannouncedplanstoestablishabusinessschool_themastersdegreeinthebusinessadministration.(Test3)A.representingB.offeringC.presentingD.supplying,b,考点分析：represent的意思是“代表”，offer意为“提供”，present意为“提出”，supply意为“供应”,53._suchagoodchance,heplanedtolearnmore.(Test5)A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.HavingbeengivenD.Tobegiven,c,Ifhe_suchagoodchance,heplanedtolearnmore.A.wasgivingB.hadgivenC.hadbeengivenD.wastogive,52.Havingbeenaskedtospeakattheconvention_.(Test6)A.somenoteswerepreparedforDr.SmithB.SmithpreparedsomenotesC.TheconventionmemberswerepleasedtohearDr.SmithD.SomenoteswerepreparedbyDr.Smith,b,49.TheconcertusuallytakesplaceatthePeoplesSquare,withtheaudience_ontheground.(Test1)A.seatingB.seatedC.beseatingD.toseat,b,二、情态动词和虚拟语气,（一）情态动词,重点掌握“情态动词+完成时”的用法,1.must+havedone:表示对过去的一种肯定的推测，意为“肯定”“一定”。,2.may(might)+havedone:用于肯定和否定句，表示对已发生的是事情的推测，相当于“可能”“大概”，但不太肯定。,3.should(oughtto)+havedone:该结构一般用于虚拟语气，肯定句表过去没有发生但却发生的事，译为“本应”；否定句表示过去发生了本不该发生的事，译为“本不该”。,47.AlthoughJackmadeafoolishmistake,we_athim.(Test4)A.oughttohavelaughedB.oughtnttohavelaughedC.oughttolaughD.shouldnottolaugh,b,47.Fiveminutesearlier,_wecouldhavecaughtthelasttrain.A.andB.orC.soD.but,c,5.neednt+havedone:表示不必做的事却做了，可译为“其实不必”,4.could(not)+havedone:表过去的时间，说明某事可能（不可能）发生；肯定句表示某事过去本可以做但却未做；否定句表示某事过去本来不应该做但做了。,二）虚拟语气,1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,3、虚拟语气用在asif(asthough),evenif(eventhough)中,4、在Itis(high)time(that)句型中，也需用虚拟语气。从句中的动词用过去式。,5、用于ifonly引导的句中。,1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,53.IfIhadremembered_thewindow,thethiefwouldnothavegotin.(Test3)A.tocloseB.closingC.tohaveclosedD.havingclosed,a,50.Ifthewholeprogram_beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.(Test1)A.wasnotplannedB.werenotplannedC.wouldnotbeplannedD.hadnotbeenplanned,d,2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,49.Wedesirethatthetourleader_usimme-diadatelyofanychangesinplan.(Test4)A.informB.informsC.informedD.hasinformed,a,当suggest,propose,desire,advice等含有建议的意思时，that从句习惯用（should)+动词原形,50.Herwishwasthathe_atBeijingUniver-sityatonce.(Test5)A.studiesB.studiedC.studyD.willstudy,c,考点分析：在wouldrather、wouldprefer后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过去式。,49.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou_anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinves-tigatethesituation.(Test6)A.dontdoB.didntdoC.wouldnotdoD.do,b,在Itis+形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+that的主语从句中：,形容词有：advisable,desirable,essential,impor-tant,necessary,normal,strange,过去分词有：decided,desired,demanded,ordered,required,suggested,特定的名词有：advice,decision,desire,demand,suggestion,wish,proposal,idea,48.Thisisverydifficultoperation.Itisessentialthatyou_foremergency.(Test6)A.aretobepreparedB.wouldpreparedC.bepreparedD.mustbeprepared,c,3、虚拟语气用在asif(asthough),evenif(eventhough)中,54.Determinedto_asifeverythingwerenormal,herespondedwithakindofindifference.(Test1)A.carryonB.accountforC.bringupD.getthrough,a,4、在Itis(high)time(that)句型中，也需用虚拟语气。从句中的动词用过去式。,51.Isntitaboutthetimeyou_todomorningexercises?(Test1)A.beganB.beginC.shouldbeginD.havebegun,a,考点分析：表示现在的愿望，用would/coulddo;表示与过去事实相反的愿望，用would/couldhavedone,46.Ifonlyhe_whatItellhim,buthewont.(Test5)A.haddoneB.woulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.hasdone,b,解题技巧,直接法直接利用相关语法知识，通过题干中的已供信息，捕捉到解题线索，从而得出正确答案的解题方法。,关键词法许多题目中都有这样一些词，它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词(keywords)。找到句中的关键词，也就找到了解题的突破口。,类推法如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小，不妨利用“如果A对，那么B也对”的类推法，从而可将A、B予以否定。,前后照应法此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前透彻理解，然后联系上下文，捕捉隐含信息，方能准确找出答案。,排除法根据题干提供的信息，先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除，缩小选择范围，然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验，辨别真伪。,Goodluck！,