句子成分和句子结构.ppt

上传人:sh****n 文档编号:11524765 上传时间:2020-04-27 格式:PPT 页数:96 大小:711.50KB
返回 下载 相关 举报
句子成分和句子结构.ppt_第1页
第1页 / 共96页
句子成分和句子结构.ppt_第2页
第2页 / 共96页
句子成分和句子结构.ppt_第3页
第3页 / 共96页
点击查看更多>>
资源描述
2020/4/27,1,高三英语总复习语法,句子成分和基本句型,2020/4/27,2,(MembersofaSentence),2020/4/27,3,什么是句子?,句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须大写,结尾要有?!,Iamateacher.Areyouastudent?Howbeautifulthegirlis!,2020/4/27,4,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)和补语(complement)。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,句子包括哪些成分?,2020/4/27,5,主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful.Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends.,2020/4/27,6,谓语:,谓语说明主语做什么,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成,Theyareteachers.Shelookswell.Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates.HecanspeakEnglish.,2020/4/27,7,表语:,表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,Iamateacher.Sheishappy.Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow.MyjobistoteachEnglish.Seeingisbelieving.,2020/4/27,8,宾语,宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后,Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme.IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon.Ithinkthatheisgoodguy.,2020/4/27,9,宾语补足语,在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当,Ifyouletmego,Illmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen.WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawhimenterthehall.Thebosskeepsthemworkingallday.Iheardmynamecalled.,2020/4/27,10,状语,状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当,Hediditcarefully.Withouthishelp,wecouldntworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen.,2020/4/27,11,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语,Theblackbikeismine.Whatsyourname?Abrokenvase.Ihave5books.Asleepingboy.Theymadepaperflowers.TheboyintheroomisJack.Ihavesomethingtodo.Itisaswimmingpool.,2020/4/27,12,有哪几种常见的句型结构?,2020/4/27,13,2020/4/27,14,基本句型一:(主系表)(是系动词)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2.Thedinnersmellsgood.午餐的气味很好。3.Hefellinlove.他堕入了情网。4.Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看来都不同了。5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.他长得又高又壮6.Thetroubleisthattheyareshortofmoney.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.Ourwellhasgonedry.我们井干枯了。8.Hisfaceturnedred.他的脸红了。,2020/4/27,15,系动词词义不完整,在句中不能单独使用(除省略句外),后面必须接有表语,系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。,2020/4/27,16,一、系动词的分类:常见的系动词大致可分为三类。第一类:表示特征或状态的,有be,look,feel,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,turnout(结果是、证明是)等。Youllbeallrightsoon.Youdontlookverywell.Ifeelrathercold.,2020/4/27,17,Heseemstobeill.Itappearsthatheisunhappy.Therosessmellsweet.Themixturetastedhorrible.Howsweetthemusicsounds!Thedayturnedout(tobe)afineone.,2020/4/27,18,第二类:表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化,有become,get,grow,turn,fall,go,come,run等。Hebecameaworld-famousscientist.Itisgettingwarmerandwarmer.Itgrewdark.Thefoodhasturnedbad.,2020/4/27,19,Yesterdayhesuddenlyfellill.Marysfacewentred.Hisdreamhascometrue.Theboysbloodrancold.,2020/4/27,20,第三类:表示保持状态的,有keep,remain,continue,stay等。Keepquiet,children!Theweathercontinuedfineforalongtime.Itremainstobeproved.,2020/4/27,21,系动词后的表语可以是名词、代词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句,系动词be可用于上述所有情况。Thenewswassurprising.(分词)HisjobisteachingEnglish.(动名词)Theonlymethodistogivethechildmorehelp.(不定式)Imustbeoffnow.(副词)Thebridgeisunderconstruction.(介词短语)Thatwouldbeagreatweightoffmymind.(词组)Thisiswhyhewaslate.(从句),2020/4/27,22,所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语,此处略举数例。这种系表结构相对而言最常见。Ourfuturewillbebeautiful.Shelooksunhappytoday.Doyoufeelcold?Youseem/appearill.Thefoodtastesdelicious.Theweatheristurning/growing/becoming/gettingcold.Heoftenwenthungry.,2020/4/27,23,3.能用不定式作表语的系动词有:appear,seem,get,prove,remain,turnout等。Sheappears/seemstobeveryyoung.Heappears/seemstohavecaughtcold.Theygot(tobe)friends。Themeetingturnedout(tobe)successful.Thetheoryprovedtoberight.Muchremainstobedone.,2020/4/27,24,4.能接从句的有:be,seem,appear,sound,look等。Thatswhyhefellill.Myideaisthatweshouldhelphim.Itseems/appearstomethatsomethingiswrong.Itsoundstomeasifsomeoneweretryingtogetintothehouse.Yourvoicesoundsasifyouhadacold.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.,2020/4/27,25,5.能接介词短语的有:be,feel,look,sound,taste,remain等。be是特别活跃的系动词,其后可接很多介词短语作表语。Heisathome/inthelibrary/onthewayhome/onholiday.Theyareonduty/onstrike/onleave.Theroadisunderrepair.,2020/4/27,26,其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如:Itfeelslikearain.Itlookslikearain.Itsoundslikeatraingoingundermyroom.Ittastesofapples.(这有苹果的味道。)Theconcertremainsinmymemory.,2020/4/27,27,6.能接分词的系动词有:be,become,get,grow,seem,appear等。Hisreportwassurprising/disappointing/delighting/moving/astonishingTheboywasmoved/delighted/surprised/disappointed/astonished。Hehasbecome/got/grown/interestedinmodernphysics。Heseems/appearsdrunk。系动词后还可接代词、数词、动名词、副词及其词组,基本都是be的用法。其他系动词几乎不能这样用或很少这样用。,page43,2020/4/27,28,一.纵观历年的高考题,对系动词的考查一直是高考中非常重要的热点之一,对于考生来说也是难点所在。高考对系动词考查的覆盖面广,涉及的系动词较多,重点考查的是get,其次是feel和remain,考查的难度在逐年增大。二.对表示状态变化的系动词的考查英语中常见的表示状态变化的系动词有get,turn,turnout(结果是),go,come(成为),fall,become等。,2020/4/27,29,1.对get的考查get表示状态的改变,意为“变成,变得,做成”,它后面可以接形容词、v-ing形式、过去分词等。Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwonthavetimeto_beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange,2020/4/27,30,Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet,ifnot,youmay_runoverbyacar.A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turnAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed,分析:例中考查的是“get过去分词”构成的系表结构。例getchanged意为“换衣服”,例getrunover意为“碾过,压过”,例getseparated意思是“冲散,分离”,所以正确答案分别是A、B、B。,2020/4/27,31,2.对go的考查系动词go的意义是“变成,成为”,后多跟形容词,如gobad,gomad,gowrong,gohungry,gosour等。例如:Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentincoalmine,she_pale.A.gotB.changedC.wentD.appeared,分析:该题考查的是“go+adj.”系表结构。got和changed不能与pale搭配起来表达这一状态的变化,而appeared是表示状态存在的系动词。所以正确答案是C。,2020/4/27,32,3.对fall的考查系动词fall表示“(不知不觉地或突然地)进入状态”,后常跟形容词、副词或介词短语等,如:fallill(生病),fallapart(散开),fallasleep,fallintoadeepsleep(睡熟)。例如:Asshe_thenewspaper,Granny_asleep.A.read;wasfallingB.wasreading;fellC.wasreading;wasfallingD.read;fell,分析:该题第二空考查的是系动词“fall+adj.”结构,fallasleep是短暂性动词短语,不能用于进行时态,故正确答案是B。句意是“她读报时,奶奶睡着了。”,2020/4/27,33,三.对表示状态存在的系动词的考查常见的有be,seem,appear,look,feel,smell,sound,keep,taste,remain,prove,stay,lie(处于某种状态),stand(处于某种状态)等。1.对remain的考查系动词remain的意思是“保持,继续,依然不变”,后常接名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式等。Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen,2020/4/27,34,Althoughhehastakenalotofmedicine,hishealth_poor.A.provesB.remainsC.maintainsD.continues,分析:例中的remain是个半系动词,“有待被看,证实”,所以应用不定式的被动式,故答案是B。例中remainpoor意为“仍然很差”,maintain意为“维持,保持,继续”,不与形容词poor连用,所以正确答案是B。,2020/4/27,35,2.对stay的考查stay意为“保持原状,维持”,后面可以接形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。Theweatherhasstayedwarmallweek.Whydontyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_freshforseveraldays.A.bestayedB.stayC.bestayingD.havestayed,分析:该题考查的是系动词stay后接形容词(fresh)的系表结构,它表示一种存在的状态,主动形式表示被动意义,这种结构一般不能用于进行时态,所以正确答案是B。,2020/4/27,36,3.对appear的考查appear的含义是“似乎,好像,看来(如关于某人的性格、感情或意图)”,此时不用进行式,后接形容词、名词、动词不定式等。Sheappearedratherupsetaboutsomething.看来有些什么事使她心烦。Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.(上海2001)A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold,2020/4/27,37,分析:句意是“一定要把一切真相告诉你妈妈。她看上去已经知道一切事情。”句中tell后面没有宾语,故用不定式的被动式,又因为“知道一切”发生在“告诉真相”之前,要用完成式。所以正确答案是D。,4.对feel的考查feel的意思是“感觉是,似乎”,后常接形容词、副词、介词短语等。Ilovetogototheseasideinsummer.It_goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.A.doesB.feelsC.getsD.makes,2020/4/27,38,-Doyoulikethematerial?-Yes,it_verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt,分析:这两道考题考查的是“fell+adj.”的系表结构。例中feelgood意为“感觉舒服”;例feelsoft意为“摸上去软和”,此时,主动结构表示被动的含义。所以正确答案分别是B和C。,2020/4/27,39,5.对系动词look的考查look有“看来,显得”等意,后面常接形容词、介词短语、不定式短语、从句等。Theplanlooksgoodonpaper,butwillitwork?这个计划从表面上看来不错,但能行得通吗?-Youdontlookvery_.Areyouill?-No,Imjustabittired.A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy,分析:尽管提供的四个备选项都是形容词,但lookwell的意思是“看上去气色好”,符合对话的语境,故正确答案是B。,2020/4/27,40,6.对sound的考查sound有“听起来,令人觉得,似乎”等含义,后面可以接形容词、名词短语、介词短语、不定式等。Shesoundstobeaverystrangewoman.听起来她似乎是一个非常古怪的女人。Whathesaidsounds_.A.nicelyB.pleasantlyC.friendlyD.wonderfully,分析:四个选项中只有friendly是形容词,可以和sound连用构成系表结构,其他三项都是副词,只能作状语不能作表语,所以正确答案是C。,2020/4/27,41,7.对taste的考查taste在使用时不用进行时态,含义是“尝起来,有某种特殊的味道”,一般接形容词构成系表结构。Theseorangestastenice.这些橙子味道很好。Theseorangestaste_.A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell,分析:taste是系动词,所以要用形容词good作其表语。well作形容词时,意思是“健康的”,只能形容人,不能形容物。故正确答案是A。,2020/4/27,42,8.对smell的考查smell经常与形容词连用,意思是“闻起来,有气味,发出的气味”。Thisbooksmellsold.这本书有一股霉味。Wedontcareifahuntingdogsmells_,butwereallydontwanthimtosmell_.A.well;wellB.bad;badC.well;badlyD.badly;bad,分析:第一空前的smell是不及物动词,意为“嗅,闻,有嗅觉”,副词badly修饰smells;而第二空前的smell是系动词,与形容词bad构成系表结构。答案为D,2020/4/27,43,基本句型二:(主谓)主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:Wecome.此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,(不及物动词)1.Thesunwasshining.太阳在照耀着。2.Theuniverseremains.宇宙长存。3.Weallbreathe,eat,anddrink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。4.Whocares?管它呢?5.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.他所讲的没有什么关系。6.Thepenwritessmoothly这支笔书写流利。,2020/4/27,44,主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.,2020/4/27,45,巩固练习:,1她昨天回家很晚。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化.41919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。5每天八时开始上课。,2.Themeetingwilllasttwohours.,3.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepasttenyears.,4.TheMayFourthMovementbrokeoutinBeijingin1919.,5.Classesbeginateighteveryday.,1.Shewenthomeverylateyesterdayevening.,2020/4/27,46,巩固练习:,6这个重五公斤。7五年前我住在北京。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10.每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,6.Thisboxweighsfivekilos.,7.IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.,8.Inautumn,somebirdsflytothesouth.,9.Mygrandfathergetsupearlyinthemorning.,10.Everyafternoonalotofstudentscometothelibrarytoborrowbooks.,2020/4/27,47,基本句型三:(主谓宾)构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格,如:me,him,them等(及物动词)1.Whoknowstheanswer?谁知道答案?2.Shesmiledherthanks.她微笑表示感谢。3.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.他拒绝帮他们。4.Heenjoysreading.他喜欢看书。5.Theyatewhatwasleftover.他们吃了剩饭。6.HesaidGoodmorning.他说:早上好!7.Iwanttohaveacupoftea.我想喝杯茶。8.Headmitsthathewasmistaken.他承认犯了错误。,2020/4/27,48,巩固练习:,1昨晚我写了一封信。2今天下午我想同你谈谈。3这本书他读过多次了。4他们成功地完成了计划。5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,Iwrotealetterlastnight.,Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.,Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.,Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.,Thatgentlemancanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.,2020/4/27,49,巩固练习:,6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。7Jim还不会自己穿衣服。8我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。9.他不知道说什麽好。10.我开窗户你在意吗?,IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.,Jimcannotdresshimself.,AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.,Hedidnotknowwhattosay.,Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?,2020/4/27,50,基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾)(及物)(多指人)(多指物)1.Sheorderedherselfanewdress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.Hebroughtyouadictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。4.Hedenieshernothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.Itoldhimthatthebuswaslate.我告诉他汽车晚点了。6.Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.他教我开机器。,2020/4/27,51,但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.,2020/4/27,52,用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,2020/4/27,53,巩固练习:1Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗?4他把车票给列车员看。,MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.,Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.,Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?,Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.,2020/4/27,54,巩固练习:5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗?6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,ShallIcallyouataxi?,Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.,7.Heboughtanewcoatforhismotherwithhisfirstmonthssalary.,2020/4/27,55,说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.,基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补),2020/4/27,56,(及物)(宾语)(宾补)名词/代词宾格+名词Thewar|made|him|asoldier./战争使他成为一名战士.名词/代词宾格+形容词Newmethods|make|thejob|easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词/代词宾格+介词短语I|oftenfind|him|atwork./我经常发现他在工作.名词/代词宾格+动词不定式Theteacher|ask|thestudents|toclosethewindows./老师让学生们关上窗户.名词/代词宾格+分词I|saw|acat|runningacrosstheroad./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.,2020/4/27,57,用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.,2020/4/27,58,巩固练习:1我们叫她Alice.2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3他们把小偷释放了。4我要你把真相告诉我。5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。6.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。7他每个月理一次发8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,WecallherAlice.,Allofusconsideredhimhonest.,Theyhavesetthethieffree.,Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.,Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.,EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.,Hehashishaircuteverymonth.,Wewontlethergooutatnight.,2020/4/27,59,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了10她正在听人家讲故事。11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。12他感到很难跟你交谈。13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。14学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。,Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.,Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.,Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.,Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.,Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.,Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.,2020/4/27,60,英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明:此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“有”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be之后,there仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如:Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.,2020/4/27,61,Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were将来有therewillbe;thereis/aregoingtobe.现在已经有therehas/havebeen可能有theremightbe.肯定有theremustbe/theremusthavebeen.过去曾经有thereusedtobe似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe,2020/4/27,62,巩固练习:1这个村子过去只有一口井。2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3天气预报说下午有大风。4灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。5战前这儿一直有家电影院的.,Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.,AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.,Theweathermansaystherellbeastrongwindintheafternoon.,Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneintheoffice.,Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.,2020/4/27,63,巩固练习:6恰好那时房里没人。7从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。8公共汽车来了。9就只剩下二十八美元了。10铃响了。,Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.,Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.,Therecomesthebus.,Thereremainedonlytwentyeightdollars.,Theregoesthebell.,2020/4/27,64,但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier)而加以扩大。我们称之为:定语、状语,2020/4/27,65,一、定语:汉语中常用的表示。通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词作定语:Thelittleboyneedsabluepen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen.)/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tomisahandsomeboy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。数词作定语相当于形容词:Twoboysneedtwopens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。Therearetwoboysintheroom./房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格作定语:HisboyneedsTomspen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。HisnameisTom./他的名字是汤姆。,2020/4/27,66,介词短语作定语:TheboyinblueisTom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。Therearetwoboysof9,andthreeof10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语:Thereisonlyoneballpeninthepencilbox./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语:Theboythereneedsapen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。不定式作定语:Thereisnothingtodotoday./今天无事要做。分词(短语)作定语:Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。Therearefiveboysleft./有五个留下的男孩。定语从句:Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。,2020/4/27,67,二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:1)通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;2)修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;4)一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。,2020/4/27,68,有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意.如:Theboycallsthegirlintheclassroom.一般理解成男孩喊教室里的女孩(此时intheclassroom为girl的定语);也可以理解为男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时intheclassroom为地点状语),最好写做:Intheclassroom,theboycallsthegirl.,2020/4/27,69,副词(短语)作状语:Theboyneedsapenverymuch./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)Theboyneedsverymuchthepenboughtbyhismother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)Theboyreallyneedsapen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)Theboyneedsapennow./Now,theboyneedsapen./Theboy,now,needsapen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语),2020/4/27,70,介词短语作状语:Intheclassroom,theboyneedsapen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语)Beforehismother,Tomisalwaysaboy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词(短语)作状语:Hesitsthere,askingforapen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)Havingtofinishhishomework,theboyneedsapen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.(因为)受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语)不定式作目的状语:Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词作状语:Comethisway!/走这条路!(方向状语),2020/4/27,71,状语从句:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批学生)Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位语,都指同样的我们),2020/4/27,72,四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。,2020/4/27,73,五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。例:错句:Studyinghard,yourscorewillgoup.正确:(1)Studyinghard,youcanmakeyourscoregoup.或(2)Ifyoustudyhard,yourscorewillgoup.解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既yourscore.显然做study的应是人,不应是yourscore(分数).正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为you);正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).分词独立结构常省略being,havingbeen.不过Therebeing.的场合不能省略.如:Game(being)over,hewenthome.Hestandsthere,book(being)inhand.独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如:Withnothingtodo,hefellasleepsoon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句onhisnose不可省略!),2020/4/27,74,句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.Thereisanoldmancominghere.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.,2020/4/27,75,(二)选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)Idontlikethepictureonthewall.A.dontB.likeC.pictureD.wallThedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summerDoyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.busTherewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoonDidthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast,2020/4/27,76,Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.A.TomB.didntC.doD.hishomeworkWhatIwanttotellyouisthis.A.wantB.totellC.youD.isWehadbettersendforadoctor.A.WeB.hadC.sendD.doctorHeisinterestedinmusic.A.isB.interestedC.inD.musicWhomdidyougivemybookto?A.giveB.didC.whomD.book,2020/4/27,77,(三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.,2020/4/27,78,(四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.,2020/4/27,79,(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)TheyuseMr,Mrswiththefamilyname.Whatisyourgivenname?OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!,2020/4/27,80,(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?,2020/4/27,81,(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.,2020/4/27,82,(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?,2020/4/27,83,句子成分练习题(二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:1.Whetherwellgodependontheweather.2.Peoplesstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.Illreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.We
展开阅读全文
相关资源
正为您匹配相似的精品文档
相关搜索

最新文档


当前位置:首页 > 图纸专区 > 课件教案


copyright@ 2023-2025  zhuangpeitu.com 装配图网版权所有   联系电话:18123376007

备案号:ICP2024067431-1 川公网安备51140202000466号


本站为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,本站只是中间服务平台,本站所有文档下载所得的收益归上传人(含作者)所有。装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容本身不做任何修改或编辑。若文档所含内容侵犯了您的版权或隐私,请立即通知装配图网,我们立即给予删除!