《级用重点语法项目》PPT课件.ppt

AB级考试重点语法项目,一、动词的时态和语态,一般现在时和一般过去时,一般现在时1.表示现在习惯或经常反复发生的动作。常与always，usually，often，sometimes，everyday（week，month）等连用。Heplaysfootballtwiceaweek.Isometimesgotoworkonfoot.,2.表示现在的事实或状态，主语的特征，性格和能力等。Itscoldtoday.Youlooktirednow.Sheisafamoussinger.Tomlikesswimming.,3.表示客观事实或普遍其理，已预先安排或计划好的动作。Itsfarfromtheearthtothesun.Fiveandthreemakeseight.ThetrainfromLondonarrivesat7：00.,4.在时间及条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。IllcallyouassoonasIgetthere.Illcomeifheinvitesme.,一般过去时,1.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，时间状语如：yesterday，lastweek，twohoursago等连用。Myfamilymovedherefiveyearsago.Iwasbornin1973.,表示“过去经常，而今不再”时，要用usedto.如：Iusedtoreadnewspaperafterbreakfast.我过去经常早饭后看报纸。（意指现在已不是这样）,现在完成时和现在完成进行时，常用时间状语有,Thisday(week，month,，year)，since,recently,sofar，forsometime，uptonow，uptothepresent，allthisyear(month，week),inthepastfewyears等,MymotherhasbeenteachingEnglishfortwentyyearsMymotherhastaughtEnglishfortwentyyears.havedonehavebeendoing,常见考点,bythetime(theend)of+表示过去时间的短语或句子；Hardly(scarcely)+过去完成时+when+过去时；Nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去时；,Hehadhardlyreachedhere,whenitbegantosnow他一到这儿就下起雪来了。HardlyhadIreachedhere,whenitbegantosnowIhadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.我一到家天就下起雨来NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.,1.Hesaid，“He_alotofnewwordsbytheendoflastyear.”A)hadalreadylearntB)wouldhavealreadylearntC)havealreadylearntD)alreadylearnt2.Theprojecttoclearupthepollutedriver_bytheendofnextyear.A)isbeingcompletedB)willhavebeencompletedC)hasbeencompletedD)willhavecompleted3Thestudents_theirpapersbytheendofthismonth.A)willhavefinishedB)havebeenfinishingC)havefinishedD)willbefinishing,4.UptillnowI(spend)_agreatdealofmoneyonbooks,magazinesandnewspaper.5.Hardly_we_therailwaystationwhenitbegantorainheavily.A)hadgottoB)havegottoC)didgettoD)dogetto6.Accordingtothetimetable,thetrainforBeijing_at9:10p.m.fromMondaytoFriday.A.wasleavingB.isleavingC.leavesD.hasleftMostofthehighschoolstudentswho(interview)_yesterdaybelievedthattheyshouldcontinuewiththeireducation.,非谓语动词,非谓语动词分三种：不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）,二、动词不定式,不定时的完成式、进行式和被动式todotohavedonetobedoingtobedone表目的、将来，多用于语法搭配或固定搭配中,1.Hewasverysorry_herattheairport.A)tohavenotmetB)nottohavemetC)nottomeetD)tonotmeet2.Idratherreadthanwatchtelevision；theprogramsseem_allthetime.A)togetworseB)tobegettingworseC)tohavegotworseD)gettingworse3.Mr.Smithpreferred_heavierworktodo.A)tobegivenB)togiveC)tohavegivenD)havinggiven4.ADreamoftheRedChamberissaid_intomorethantenlanguagesinthelastdecode.A)tohavetranslatedB)totranslateC)tohavebeentranslatedD)tobetranslated,三动词的现在分词和过去分词,现在分词（语法意义：表主动及进行）过去分词（语法意义：表被动及完成）,分词做定语Thenewfactory_(produce)electroniccomputerswasbuilttwoyearsago.正确答案：producingThefilm_(show)inthecinemanowdoesnotattractmanypeople.正确答案：beingshownTheverbshouldtellasmuchaspossibleaboutthethought_(contain)inthesentence.正确答案：contained,Theman_forhisfranknesswillmakeaspeechatthemeeting.(A)knowing(B)known(C)beingknown(D)havingknown正确答案：B,分词做状语,Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.Scoldedbytheteacher,thegirlsattherewithoutliftingherhead._(spend)nearlyallourmoney,wecouldntaffordtostayinahotel.正确答案：Havingspent,独立结构,Iftimepermits,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.Timepermitting,wewillgoforanoutingtomorrow.,Aftertheworkhadbeendone,wewenthome.Theworkdone,wewenthome.,主动与被动Thegirlstaringathim,hedidntknowwhattosay.Herglassesbroken,shecouldntseethewordsontheblackboard.,1.TheMayDayHoliday_over,wemustnowgetdowntowork.A)beB)beingC)tohavebeenD)tobe2.Thousandsofproducts_fromrudeoilarenowindailyuse.A)tomakeB)bemadeC)makingD)made3.Ihavefoundsomearticles_theharmfuleffectsofdrinking.A)beingconcernedB)concernedC)toconcernD)concerningConcerning关于4.Istayedupallnight_tofindanewsolutiontotheproblem.A)tryingB)havetriedC)tryD)tried,5.Theproposal_atthemeetingnowisofgreatimportancetoourdepartment.A.beingdiscussedB.tobediscussingC.havingdiscussedD.discussing,特殊情况,Generallyspeaking,theruleisveryeasytounderstand.总的说来，这条规则很容易懂。Judgingfromwhathesaid,hemustbeanhonestman.由他所说的来判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。,其他考点WhenIpassedtheoffice,Iheardmyname_.(A)mentioned(B)mention(C)bementioned(D)tomention正确答案：A,ThereissomethingwrongwithmyTVset.Imusthaveit_.(A)check(B)checking(C)tocheck(D)checked正确答案：DHehadhishandbagstolen.他的手提包被人偷了。作“（无意识地）让某人（或某物）遭受不幸”解,动名词favour,escape,deny,consider,appreciate,avoid,risk等动词后跟动名词。例句：1Idontmind_allthatwayinsuchbadweather.A)goB)goneC)goingD)togo答案：C)2.Janealwaysenjoys_topopularmusicathomeonFridayevening.A)listeningB)beinglisteningC)tobelisteningD)tolisten答案：A),3.Theyareconsidering_beforethepricegoup.A)ofbuyingthehouseB)withbuyingthehouseC)buyingthehouseD)tobuythehouse答案：C)4.Itsnouse_menottoworry.A)youtellB)yourtellingC)foryoutohavetoldD)havingtold答案：B)Itsnousedoing,五情态动词,should(oughtto)+have+done“应该做而没有做的事情”；might(could)+have+done表示“过去可能发生而没有发生的事情”;neednt+have+done表示“做了不必做的事”,mustdomust+have+done表示“对过去情况的推测”，只用于肯定句；否定句和疑问句用cant和can,1.ThisATMhasbeenoutofserviceforafewdays.Itshould_lastweek.A)fixB)befixedC)havefixedD)havebeenfixed答案：D)2.Withallthisworkonhand,he_tothecinemalastnight.A)mustntgoB)wouldntgoC)oughtntgoD)shouldnthavegone答案：D)。表示“对已经发生的事情的责备。”.Theclassroomisinaterriblemess;it_cleaned.A)canthavebeenB)wouldnthavebeenC)shouldnthavebeenD)mustnthavebeen答案A)。表示“对过去情况的推测”。,六、定语从句,考核重点：由that,as,when,where,which,whose引导的定语从句；,of+which(whom)引导的定语从句；Intheroomarelotsofpeople,manyofwhomIdontknow.Hehasalotofstory-books,afewofwhichIhaveneverread.,介词+which(whose,whom)引导的定语从句。Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.(介词后的关系代词不可用that)Thewayinwhichheansweredthequestionwassurprising.Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.,Thatistheveryman_housewasburneddownlastweek.A)hisB)whoseC)whichC)ofwhom答案：B)。2_isoftenthecase,onethirdoftheworkershaveover-fulfilledtheproductionplan.A)WhatB)ThisC)ThatC)As答案：D)。as引导非限定性定语从句，指代后面整个句子。Thisisthemicroscope_whichwehavehadsomuchtrouble.A)atB)fromC)ofD)with答案：D)。,4Thehotel_duringthevacationwasratherpoorlymanaged.A)asIstayedB)whereIstayedC)whichIstayedC)whatIstayed答案：B)。5All_isacontinuoussupplyofthebasicnecessitiesoflife.A)whatisneededB)thethingneededC)forourneedsD)thatisneeded答案：D)。,6Theresidents,_hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A)alltheirhomesB)allwhosehomesC)allofwhosehomesD)alloftheirhomes答案：C).7.Davidissuchagoodboy_alltheteacherslikehim.A.thatB.whoC.asD.whom答案：C.,引导原因状语从句的连词：as,sinceseeingthat(由于),inthat(因为),consideringthat,forthereasonthat,nowthat,等；引导时间状语从句的名词词组：theinstant,themoment,theminute,thetime,eachtime,everytime等；,七、状语从句,引导条件状语从句的连词：as(so)longas,unless,onconditionthat(条件是),providing(provided)that(假若),suppose(supposing)that(假使),granting(granted)that(假定)等；引导目的状语从句的连词：inorderthat,incase,lest,sothat,等,“主语补语(表语)+as+主语+谓语动词”引导的让步状语从句,Example:Childasheis,heknowsalot.=Althoughheisachild,heknowsalot._forthem,theytraveledon.A)HardasthejourneywasB)AsjourneywashardC)HardthejourneywasD)Thejourneywashard,1.WemovedtoLondon_wecouldvisitourfriendsmoreoften.A)evenifB)sothatC)incaseD)as2.Shedidntgotothecinemalastnight,_shehadtofinishhertermpaper.A)asB)ifC)tillD)though3.Youcandriveyourowncar_youhavepassedthedrivingtest.A)nowthatB)evenifC)sothatD)asif4.Dontworry._youworkhard,youaresuretopasstheexam.A)AsmuchasB)AswellasC)AssoonasD)Aslongas,5.Youseethelightening_ithappens,butyouhearthethunderlater.A)theinstantB)foraninstantC)ontheinstantD)inaninstant6.Liquidsarelikesolids_theyhaveadefinitevolume.A)inthatB)forthatC)withthatD)atthat,八、虚拟语气,考核重点：1.基本形式2.特殊形式,虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法,IfIwereyou，IwouldstudyhardIfIhadstudiedhard，IwouldhavepassedCET-6lastsemesterIfIweretopassCET-6，IwouldtreatyoutodinneratKFC,在wish后的宾语从句中,IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一样高。Hewishedhehadntsaidthat.他希望他没讲过那样的话。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。,wouldrathersb.didsth.在itis(highabout)timethatsb.didsth.“到该干某事的时候了”;在Ifonly引导的感叹句中，表示“但愿，该就好了”；,虚拟语气特殊形式在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。suggest,propose,desire,request,advise,command,insist,require,order,directrecommend,beg,prefer,maintain(主张)Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.,(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat+(should)do(3)apityItissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.,在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.,1.Ithinkitshightimewe_strictmeasurestostoppollution.A)willtakeB)takeC)tookD)havetaken2._lastFriday,hewouldhavegonetoParis.A)WouldheleaveB)HadheleftC)IfheistoleaveD)Ifhewasleaving3.Itsnecessarythattheproblem_insomewayorother.A)besettledB)settledC)issettledD)settle,4.Mysuggestionisthatwe_aspecialboardtoexaminetheproblem.A)willsetupB)aretosetupC)setupD)mustsetup5.Itisrecommendedthattheproject_untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)notbestartedD)isnottobestarted,九、倒装句,完全倒装（谓语+主语）Theregoesthebell.铃响了。(Herecomesthebus.)Upwenttheprices.价格上涨。Underabigtreesataboyreadingabook.大树下坐着一个男孩在读书。,部分倒装以notuntil,not,never,little,nowhere,rarely,seldom,scarcely,hardly,nosooner,innocase,atnotime,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans等引导的句子；Only+副词，介词短语或状语(从句)引出的句子。,Notuntil10oclockwillthelibraryopen.直到十点种图书馆才开门。OnlyinthiswaycanyoulearnEnglishwell.只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。,hardly(scarcely)+过去完成时+when+过去时；nosooner+过去完成时+than+过去时；,1.Notonlywhattodo,buthealsolentmethemoney.A.headvisedmeB.didheadvisemeC.doesheadvisemeD.headvisesme2.Hardlyhismotherwhenherantoher.A.hadthechildseenB.thechildhadseenC.thechildsawD.didthechildsee3.Sobadlydidhewritetheletter.A.whenIcouldntreaditB.asIcouldntreaditC.soIcouldntreaditD.thatIcouldntreadit,十、强调句Itis(was)+被强调部分+that+其他成分ItwasinChina_theagreementwassigned.A)thatB)whichC)whereD)whatItwasTomwho/thatfoundmypenintheclassroomyesterday.,Hedidntrealizehismistakeuntiltheteacherhadtoldhim.变为：Itwasntuntiltheteacherhadtoldhimthatherealizedhismistake.,同位语从句,1.Thenews_hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when2.Hissuggestion_themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.it3.Ihavenoidea_hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./4.Ivecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage_themeetingwontbeheldtomorrow.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which,定语从句、同位语从句和强调句,Thenewsthatheresignedfromofficesurprisedus.Theideathatheholdsisverycommonnowadaysoncampus.ItisMrs.Whitethatmakesthedecisioninherfamily.,十一、主谓一致,or，either.or,neithernor,notonly.butalso,nor就近原则either/neitherof+单数动词主语+with，togetherwith，aswellas，inadditionto，morethan,nolessthan,like,but,except,单数形式thesecretaryandprincipal(书记兼校长)以-ics结尾的名词表示一门学科，谓语动词一般用单数,如economics;Everyboyandgirlinthisvillageistaughttoreadandwrite.Manya+名词，morethanone+名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Morethanonewomanwasinvolvedinthiscase.,1.Manyaboyandmanyagirl_independent.（Every）A)hopetobeB)expectstobeC)wantsD)longsfor2.EithersheorI_toblame.A)isB)areC)haveD)am,3.Asuitcasewithshirts,trousersandshoes_fromthecar.A)wasstolenB)havebeenrobbedC)hasrobbedD)hadstolen4Thenumberofpeopleinvited_fifty,butanumberofthem_absentwithoutanyreason.A.were:wasB.was；wasC.was;wereD.were;were,十四、形容词和副词,much,far,slightly,alot,alittle,still,even通常修饰形容词比较级Insomemoderncountrieswefinda_numberofpeoplewithuniversitydegreesthantherearejobsforthemtofill.A)largeB)muchlargerC)morelargeD)morelarger,superior(较高的)senior(年长的)junior(年少的)本身是比较级的形式，后跟to而不用than1.Thescientistisseveralyearsjunior_Mr.Smith.A)thanB)toC)forD)onThemorethemore句型；2.Themorewegettogether,_weshallbe.A)themorehappyB)thehappierC)thehappyD)happier答案：B)。,形式宾语、宾语补足语v.+it+adj.+todov.+it+n.+todoWeallconsidereditimpossibletogeteverythingreadyintime.Wefounditdifficulttodealwithsuchaman.v.+it+adj.+that-clausev.+it+n.+that-clauseWeallthoughtitapitythatyoudidntcome.,Rememberdoing/todoForgetdoing/todo,常见的动词搭配,hear,see,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listentohearsb.dosth.hearsb.Doing,Spendtime/moneyonsth.Spendtime/money(in)doingsth.,常见的动词和介词的搭配,insistondoingsucceedincongratulateonapologizeforpreventfrom,SectionA16.Wemustfindawaytocutprices_reducingourprofitstoomuch.A.withoutB.despiteC.withD.for17.Shedidntknow_toexpressherideasinEnglishclearlyinpublic.A.whichB.whyC.whatD.how18._theweatherimproves,wewillsufferahugelossinthetouristindustry.A.AsB.SinceC.WhileD.Unless,19.Wearehappyatthegoodnews_Mr.BlackhasbeenawardedtheBestManager.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.whether20.Itisimportantthatwe_thetaskaheadoftime.A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.shallfinish,21.Wouldyoupleasepassmethebook_coverisblack?A.whichB.whoseC.thatD.its22._inthecompanyforthreeyears,Markhasbecomeexperiencedinbusinessnegotiations.A.HavingworkedB.HavebeenworkingC.HaveworkedD.Worked23.Notuntilshearrivedatthemeetingroom_shehadforgottentobringthedocument.A.sherealizedB.didsherealizeC.shedidrealizeD.doessherealize,24.Johnhadneverbeenabroadbefore,_hefoundthebusinesstripveryexciting.A.becauseB.thoughC.soD.while25._somestudentsareabletofindemploymentaftergraduation,otherswillhavetoreturntoschoolandearnanadvanceddegree.A.SinceB.WhileC.BecauseD.If,SectionB26.Employeesarenotallowed(make)_personalphonecallsintheoffice.27.Theshopassistantpricedthegoodsbefore(put)_themontheshelf.28.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelife(easy)_,nottomakeitmoredifficult.29.Theproposalabouttheannualsales(discuss)_atthenextboardmeeting.30.Sinceweworkindifferentsectionsofthecompany,weseeeachotheronly(occasional)_.,31.Somedomesticmanufacturersarebusyincreasingproduction,losingthechancetodevelopmore(advance)_technology.32.Ishallappreciateyoureffortin(correct)_thiserrorinmybankaccountassoonaspossible.33.Ifyourneighborsaretoonoisy,thenyouhaveagoodreasontomakeyour(complain)_.,34.30percentofthestudentswho(interview)_yesterdaybelievetheyshouldcontinuewiththeireducationuntiltheyhaveauniversitydegree.35.Measuresshouldbetakentoavoidthenegativeeffect(bring)_aboutbyunfaircompetition.,英语A级语法总结,凡是见到by或uptill用于引出一个时间状语，它们均意为“直到”，都表示一个持续的时间，因此，与它们对应的谓语时态应为完成时，如果跟在它们后面的是表“过去”的时间状语，则句子的谓语为“过去完成时”；如果跟在后面的表“将来”的时间状语，则句子的谓语为“将来完成时”例如：Bytheendofnextyear,I(D)forthecompanyfor10years.A.workB.amworkingC.hadworkedD.willhadworked,二,requiredsbtodosth或sbberequiredtosth.译为：需要某人去做某事或某人被需要去做某事。haveconfidenceinsth/doingsth.insistonsth/doingsth.,三,虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的，主语谓语为would/should/could/might+动词现在完成时，条件从句谓语为动词过去完成时.与现在事实相反的，主语谓语为would/should+原形动词，条件从句谓语为动词过去式.与将来事实相反的，主语谓语为would/should/could/might+原形动词，条件从句位于动词过去式，或为should+原形动词，又或为wereto+原形动词,