英语主语从句讲解.ppt

定语从句：形容词性从句在句子中起定语（形容词）的作用ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayislost.名词从句：在句子中起名词的作用主语谓语宾语单个名词单个名词一组词构成从句（主语从句）一组词构成从句（宾语从句）,1主语从句；subject（谓语之前）2宾语从句；object（谓语之后）3表语从句；predicative（系动词之后）4同位语从句appositive(名词之后）,引导词：That,whether,if,who,what,where,when,why,how,whoever,whatever,.,WhetherhewillcomeornotisaquestionItisobviousthathewillwinthegame.ThathewillgotoLondonsurprisedusThefactisthatsheneverlikedhim.Ihopethatyoucanpasstheexam.Hethoughtitstrangethatshepassedtheexam.Thefactthathefailedtheexamshockedus.Whowillgomakesnodifference.Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool.,主语从句,WhetherhewillcomeornotisaquestionThathewillgotoLondonsurprisedusItisobviousthathewillwinthegame.That在句首引导的主语从句他是最好的学生，这是很明显的it做形式主语的主语从句itis+adj+引导词从句itis+n+引导词从句itis+Ved+引导词从句Itisstillaquestionwhether/ifhewillcomeItisunknownwhichteamwillwinthegame.Itisstrangethatheshouldlikeher.Itturnedoutthat/itissaid/reported/believedthatItdoesntmatterwhetherItmustbepointedoutthat,主语从句不能将if放句首,what与that在引导主语从句时的区别what引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that则不然。What引导的主语从句一般不可改为含形式主语的句子。例如：1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.2)Thatsheisstillaliveiscertain.,Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.,Itiscertainthatsheisstillalive.,._Icantunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind._theearthisroundisknowntousall.归纳：,What,That,连词_在从句中不作成分，不含有疑问意义，而_在从句中作成分，,that,what,1）_youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2)_hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter,高考题选萃,宾语从句,Ihopethatyoucanpasstheexam.Hethoughtitstrangethatshepassedtheexam.it做形式宾语的宾语从句我们把餐前洗手当成一个规则我们觉得很奇怪你竟然喜欢他，Wemakeitarulethatweshouldwashourhandsbeforemeals.Wethinkitstrangethatyoushouldlikehim.,1.Ihate_whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfullA.itB.thatC.theseD.them2.Ifeel_strangethatheshouldbesocareless.A./B.itC.thatD.how3.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.AwhileB.thatCifDFor4._needfurtherdiscussionwhetherwewillbuythehouseornot.ThatB.thisC.itD.thething.5.Iwillseeto_thatallthelightsareturnedoff.A.ItB.thisC./D.them.,表语从句,Thefactisthatsheneverlikedhim.Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool.表语从句中不用if,但可以用asif引导Helooksasifhewasgoingtocry.,同位语从句,同位语位于名词的后面，补充说明名词的内容，同位语与其前的词或短语表达的是同一事物。如：Thefactthatsheisillshouldbeconsidered.,Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthematchistrue.Hisdelayisduetothefactthatthecarwentwronghalfway.,同位语从句,同位语从句一般跟在名词fact,news,promise,truth,belief,thought,idea,answer,information,doubt,knowledge,hope,law,opinion,plan,suggestion后面,用以说明或解释前面的名词.,TheDifferencesBetweenAppositiveclausesandAttributiveClauses,怎样区别同位语从句与定语从句,同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处,1、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面的名词。,e.g.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.,（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）,从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）,2、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。,e.g.1)DadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymeCDplayerifIpassedtheEnglishtest.2)Dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren.,（that不充当任何成分,从句是个完整句子）,（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）,3、that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，故不能用which替换；而that引导定语从句时是代词，常可以和另一关系代词which替换。,e.g.ThefactthatheisfromCanadaisnewtome.ThefactthatsurprisedmeisthatheisnotChinese.,（that不可换为which）,（第一个that可换为which）,4、引导同位语从句的关联词，除that外，还可以根据句义使用任何其它疑问代词或副词；而定语从句不可用what,how,whether等引导。,e.g.IhadnoideaatallwhatIshoulddonext.Thereisnoproofwhetherhewaskilledbyothers.,Practice,Hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable.Manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline.3.Thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom.4.Doyouhaveanyideawherewewillbesent?5.Isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks?6.Thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence.7.Hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway.,1.Thenews_anotherpowerstationwillbebuiltcheeredallthevillagers.AwhichBthatCwhatDwhatever2Thenews_hetoldusisexciting.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?AwhatBCwhichDthat,Exercises,B,A,II.Choosethebestanswer,1.Theyexpressedthehope_theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact_hedidntseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea_hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.that,B,A,B,4.Thenews_surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how5.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat6.Wordhascome_someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which,A,C,C,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从句都含有疑问意义。,Whoever,whatever,Who,what,What,whoVSwhatever,whoever,3.选择填空（what,whatever,who,whoever,1._wassaidheremustbekeptsecret.2._weneedismoretime.3._madethelongdistancecalltohimisnotimportant.4._breaksthelawwillbepunished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,1._hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.(s99)A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever,高考题选萃,2.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof_sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho,3.Thesewildflowersaresospecial,Iwoulddo_Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever,4.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_heorshewants.（NMET97）A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever,5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.（MET88）A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who,