动词不定式总结 .docx

动词不定式总结 1.高考中动词不定式用法总结动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。一、作主语 动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如：To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society.也可使用it作形式主语，而将其置于句末。例如：It is necessary for young students to learn a foreign language.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：1. It is+adj./ n. (+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, e*citing, interesting, surprising等。例如：It is interesting to play this game.It is necessary for you to change your job. It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.考例1:Is _ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (88 MET) A. now B. man C. that D. it 用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：What a pity it is for you to have missed such a wonderful film. It is good manners for the young to give their seats to the old. 2. It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：How rude it was of the boy to jump the queue!It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house. How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!3. It takes sb.+some time+to do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by bike. 二、作表语 动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构：My wish/ job/ aim/ goal is及The ne*t step/ measure is 等。例如：Your job is to type the papers in the office.The ne*t measure is to stop the river from being polluted.三、作宾语 常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, choose, decide, hope, fail, wish, refuse, e*pect, manage, plan, intend, pretend, promise, offer, afford, demand, arrange等。例如：They decided to build a highway between these two cities.She offered to help me when I was in trouble.believe, think, consider, feel, make等动词可用于“动词+ it +adj. / n+to do sth.”句型，其中使用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如：I think it necessary for us to have a good rest after the long work.She felt it her duty to help the old woman.四、作宾补 可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, ask, hear, order, see, tell, want, wish, watch等。例如： The doctor advised her no to eat too much sugar. I wish you to go to the meeting with me.believe, consider, count, declare, deny, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, prove, realize, suppose, think等动词后可接to be型不定式作宾补。例如：He declared himself to be a college student. 他自称是名大学生。The police proved him to be a thief. 警察局证实他是小偷。hope, demand, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如：I hope my son to be back soon.I hope my son will be back soon.She suggests us to have a discussion about it.She advises us to have a discussion about it.She suggests that we (should) have a discussion about it.在主动结构中，下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to：“五看”（see, watch, notice, observe, look at）“三使”（make, let, have）“两听”（hear, listen to）“一感觉”（feel）。例如：Who made him work all night long？但是，改为被动结构后，应补出省略的to。例如：He was seen to break the window.五、作定语 动词不定式作定语，应位于所修饰词语之后，即：作后置定语。例如：Have you got anything to eat? (to eat修饰anything，位于其后) 下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语：ability, attempt,urage, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish等。例如：But she gave up the chance to go abroad.由only, first, last, ne*t以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one to leave the classroom last night？六、作状语 动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如：We went there to see our grandparents.（目的） I am very sorry to hear that.（原因） She hurried home only to find her father dead.（结果） To look at the picture, you would like it.（条件） 作目的状语，还可以使用in order to或so as to。例如：The boy worked so hard in order to make up for the lost time.结果状语还可以使用enough to, tooto， soas to, such as to等结构。例如：He got up too late to miss the early bus.She was in such a hurry as not to notice me. 她如此匆忙，以致没有注意到我。2.“动词不定式分类总结”谢谢1.todo的动词不定式2.不带to的动词不定动词不定式：动词不定式的时态和语态1）构成：（以动词“do”为例）主动态：一般式to do；完成式to have done；进行式to be doing；完成进行式“to have been doing”被动态：一般式to be done；完成式“ to have been done否定式：not+不定式2）不定式的时态：不定式的一般式表示的动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或之后发生.He seems to know her address.(:=It seems that he knows her address.)I hope to see you again.(=I hope that I11 see you again.)不定式的进行体表示的动作正在进行，与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.其用法主要有以下几种情况：a 常用在appear,happen,pretend,seem,hope,promise之后.She pretended to be listening aappeared to be living in this area.I hope to be earning my living in a years time.(I hope 1 will/would be earning my living)I promised to be waiting at the door when he came out.b 常用在believe,consider,suppose,think,know,report,say,understand等动词的被动式之后.注“be supposed to”通常含有“应该”意思，表示一定的责任和义务.You are supposed to know how to use a computer=You should know how to use a computer.Students are not supposed to cook in their dormitory=Studk in their dormitory.zh$O3F1m dYbA 3）不定式的完成体：用于表达发生在主句谓语动词之前的动作或状态，也可以表达预计在将来某一时刻之前完成的动作或状态.I am sorry to have given you so much trouble.(=I am sorry that I have given you so much trouble.)C p&n EI)I.OWere leaving at five oclock in the morning,and hope to have done most of the journey by lunchtime.不定式完成进行体主要用于“appear,seem,happen,pretend等之后，也可用于believe,know,report,say,understand等动词的被动式之后.He appears to have been waiting for a long time.He is believed to have been waiting for a message.注不定式的完成进行体与不定式的完成体略有不同，试比较：He seems to have eaten the apples.（苹果已被吃光.）He seems to have been eating the apples.（苹果尚未完全吃光.）不定式的完成体还可以表达本该发生却未发生的事情常带这种不定式的谓语动词有：“pretend,intend, appear,seem,should like,e*pect等.I meant to have telephoned you,but I forgot.4）不定式的语态：在不定式之前能找到不定式所表达的动作的执行者时，此不定式用主动态；反之则用被动态试比较：We found the article hard to understand.(“understand”的执行者是“we”.)He is reading the article to be published tomorrow.(“punish之前没有执行者.)类似的还有：It is impossible to get there.在there be结构中，不定式既可以用主动态，又可以用被动态.There is no time to lose/to be lost.（时间紧迫不能耽误了.前后意义无差别.）习惯上用“to let（出租）”，“to blame（责怪）”的主动形式表示被动意义.Tom asked her if she had any rooms to let.（汤姆问她是否有房要出租.）.分词分词既具有动词的一些特征（可以有自己的逻辑宾语），又具有形容词（可以作定语、表语、宾补、主补）和副词（状语）的特征.（1）分词的时态和语态1）构成：（以动词“do”为例）现在分词的构成（V-ing）：主动态：一般式（doing）；完成式（having done）被动态：一般式“being done；完成式（having been done）否定式：一般式（not doing/not being done）；完成式（not having done/not having been done）注“V-ing”分词的被动态结构表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing分词所表示的动作的承受者.Having been invited to speak.Ill start making preparations this evening.过去分词的构成（V-ed）：中国雅思网D1H*0gH(G QiO只有一种形式（done），表示被动意义已完成了的动作或状态.1Considered from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.2）时态（只有现在分词才有时态形式的变化）：现在分词的一般式表示动作与主句谓语动词表示的动作同时发生.He came to visit me,bringing his girl friend with him.Hearing the good news,she burst into laughing.现在分词的完成式表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，常用作状语.Having finished her homework,she went to bed.动名词动名词既具有动词的一些特征（允许有自己的宾语），又具有名词的一些特征（可以作主语、宾语、表语和同位语等）.动名词的时态与语态1）构成：与V-ing分词的构成相同2）时态：动名词的完成式表示其动作先于谓语动词的动作.They regret not having taken your advice.动名词的一般式也可表示一个先于谓语动词的动作.I remember seeing a film.动名词的被动语态表示它的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作的承受者.He dislikes being interrupted during his study.动名词的被动态有自己的逻辑主语.He was so surprised at being discovered that he didnt even try to run away.。3.动词不定式总结,有多少来多少二、接不定式作宾补的*个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事 bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事 cause sb. to do sth. 招致某人做某事command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事e*pect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事 forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 使（要）某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 厌恶某人做某事 help sb. to do sth. 协助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事 need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 压服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事 teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 通知某人做某事 train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 费事某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 正告某人做某事 wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事注：不要受汉语意思的影响：汉语的“原谅某人做某事”，英语可说成e*cuse forgive sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“希望某人做某事”，英语可说成wish sb. to do sth.。汉语的“建议某人做某事”，英语可说成advise sb. to do sth.。汉语的“布置某人做某事”，英语可说成arrange for sb. to do sth.。汉语的“要求某人做某事”，英语可说成demand of sb. to do sth.。汉语的“感激某人做某事”，英语可说成thank sb. for doing sth.。汉语的“恭喜某人做某事”，英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing sth.。汉语的“阻止某人做某事”，英语可说成prevent sb. from doing sth.。动词不定式作宾语补足语 不定式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。1.在表示感觉的动词后作宾语补足语，并且不定式都不带to。这类动词有：see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。I heard them sing yesterday. 昨天我听见他们唱歌了。Did you see him go out 你看见他出去了吗？ I felt something crawl up my leg. 我感到有什么东西爬到我腿上了。注意：转为被动语态时，原不带to的不定式要变成带to的不定式。notice和watch没有被动语态。We saw the car stop. The car was seen to stop. 我们看见这辆车停了下来。n 2.在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式（have没有被动语态）。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有： 一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel 二听：hear,listen to 三让：let,have,make 四观看：observe,see,watch.,look at What would you have me do 你要我做什么？ She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了。3.在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等。这类动词后的不定式通常是“to be+形容词或名词”结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory (to be) very important. 他证明那个理论是很重要的。I thought her (to be) nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她的时候就认为她人很好，很诚实。4.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, e*pect等。Id prefer you to leave him alone. 我希望你不要打扰他。I dont want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。5.动词advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等后面，多接不定式短语作宾语补足语。We dont allow such things to happen again. 我们不容许这种事情再发生。Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. 大多数父母都同意禁止自己的孩子抽烟。She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. 她请我在她不在的时候接电话。Please remind me to leave her this note. 请提醒我留给她这张纸条。She requested him to go with her. 她邀请他一同去。注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。I hope you to give me a hand.I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。4.【动名词及不定式的用法总结主要是想知道都有什么动词分别和它们后接动名词的动词 admit 承认 / advise 建议 / allow 允许 / appreciate 感激 / avoid 避免 / consider 考虑 / delay 推迟 / deny 否认 / discuss 讨论 / dislike 不喜欢 / enjoy 喜爱 / escape 逃脱 / e*cuse 原谅 / fancy 设想 / finish 完成 / forbid 禁止 / forgive 原谅 / imagine 想像 / keep 保持 / mention 提及 / mind 介意 / miss 没赶上 / pardon 原谅 / permit 允许 / practise 练习 / prevent 阻止 / prohibit 禁止 / put off 推迟 / report 报告 / risk 冒险 / stop 停止 / suggest 建议 / carry on 继续 / cant help 禁不住 / feel like 想要 / give up 放弃 / keep on 继续 / put off 推迟 / set about 开始，着手 / object to 反对 / insist on 坚持 / pay attention to 注意 / stick to 坚持 / get down to 开始认真做 / look forwards to 期盼 / be get used to 习惯于 / lead to 导致 / be devoted to 致力于，专用于， 后接不定式作宾语的动词 afford 负担得起 / arrange 安排 / ask 要求 / care 想要 / choose 决定 / decide 决定 / demand 要求 / determine 决心 / e*pect 期待，预计 / help 帮助 / hesitate 犹豫 / hope 希望 / long 渴望 / manage 渴望设法 / offer 主动提出 / plan 计划 / prepare 准备 / pretend 假装 / promise 答应 / refuse 拒绝 / want 想要 / wish 希望，既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但意义不同的动词（1） remember（记得），forget（忘记），regret（后悔）后接不定式指该不定式所表示的动作还未发生，后接动名词（有时可用完成式），则指该动名词所表示的动作已经发生.比较：Remember to post the letter. 记住把这封信寄了.（“寄信”未发生）I remember posting the letter. 我记得寄了那封信.（“寄信”已发生）He forgot to pay me the money. 他忘记要给我付钱了.（“付钱”未发生）He forgot paying me the money. 他忘记曾给我付过钱.（“付钱”发生了）（2） try 后接不定式表示设法做某事，接动名词表示做某事试试（看有什么效果）.如：Ill try to come tomorrow. 我明天设法来.Lets try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲敲后门试试.（3） mean 后接不定式表示打算（想要）做某事，接动名词表示意味着（做某事，接动名词表示意味着要）做某事.如：He did not mean to hurt you. 他不是有意要伤害你.This illness will mean going to hospital. 得了这种病就意味着要住院.（4） stop 后接动名词表示停止做某事，接不定式表示停下正在做的事去做另一事.如：He stopped speaking, and there was not a sound in the room. 他停止讲话，房里一点声音也没有了.He stopped to listen, but there was no more sound. 他停下来听，但再也没有听到什么声音.（stop后接的不定式不是宾语，而是目的状语）（5） cant help后接动名词表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事.如后接动名词表示禁不住做某事，接不定式表示不能帮助做某事.如：He couldnt help crying when he heard the news. 他听到这个消息时禁不住哭了.The medicine cant help to get rid of your cold. 这药不能帮你治好感冒.注：go on to do sth 和go on doing sth 也有类似差别：前者表示做完某事后接着做另一事，后者表示继续做正在做的事.如：You oughtnt to go on living this way. 你不应该再这样生活下去了.（go on 后接doing通常被认为是现在分词而不是动名词） Go on to do the other e*ercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后， 请接着做其他的练习五、既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语但语态不同的动词在 need, want, require等表示“需要”的动词后，接不定式和动名词均可，且含义也相同，但是语态不同：接动名词时用主动式表示被动含义，接不定式时则要用被动式表示”My coat needs mending to be mended. 我的外套需要缝补一下.Your coat wants brushing to be brushed. 你的大衣需要刷一刷.既可接不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词一、后接不定式或动名词且含义相同的动词这类动词常见的有：like 喜欢 / love 喜欢 / hate 憎恨 / prefer 宁可 / begin 开始 / start 开始 / continue 继续 / cant bear 不能忍受 / bother 麻烦 / intend 想要 / attempt 试图 / cease 停止，等.如： He likes travelling to travel alone. 他喜欢单独旅行.He began doing to do this job last year. 他去年开始做这工作.Dont bother to get gettingdinner for me. 请不必费事为我做饭了.注意：当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时，其后只能接不定式.如：Id like to drop in and see you tonight. 我想今晚来看你.另外，当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时，其后的动词只能用不定式.如：He is beginning to work in that company. 他即将开始去那个公司工作.After the talk with his English teacher, he began to like English. 跟英语老师谈话之后，他开始喜欢英语了.二、forget, remember, regret 后接不定式或动名词含义不同后接不定式或动名词含义不同动词 forget, remember, regret 等接不定式时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之后；接动名词作宾语时，表示非谓语动词的动作发生于谓语动词的动作之前.如：I forgot to tell you about it. 我忘记告诉你那。5.初中英语固定句式总结 不定式总结动词不定式总结动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to，动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语，叫作不定式短语。一、用作主语 直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首，复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如： 1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge。(p.8) 2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16) 3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93) 二、用作表语 动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如： 1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7) 2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96) 三、用作宾语 1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意（ask, choose, agree），期望决定学习（e*pect, hope, decide, learn），宁可假装知道（prefer, pretend, know），希望想要愿意（wish, want, would like / love）。如： 1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88) 2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50) 3)Id love to visit Me*ico.(p.53) 2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell。介词结构on。可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如： 1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92) 2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32) 3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是。feel / find / make / 。it+adj. / n.+to do。如： I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98) 4.既可接动词不定式又可接ving形式作宾语，意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程，ving形式表习惯性的连续动作。但是这种区别并不很严格，特别是美国英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。如： 1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6) 2)Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116) begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118) 感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接ving形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。如： 1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107) 2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)四、用作定语 1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语，不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时，用动词不定式的主动式。如： 1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112) 2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31) 3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75) 2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时，不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。如：1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19) 2)Is that a good place to hang out?(p.88) 3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127) 3.在“there be。”句型里，句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象，常用主动式。如： 1)Theres just so much to see and do here.(p.49) 2)。but there are still many things to do there.(p.54) 五、用作补语 动词不定式作补语时，在主动语态句里补宾语，在被动语态句里补主语，句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有：要求允许提议（ask, allow, permit, advise），期望邀请鼓励（e*pect, suppose, invite, encourage），教导告诉想要（teach, tell, want），等待希望愿意（wait for, wish, would like / love）。如： 1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29) 2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18) 3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.(p.101) 2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。如： 1)This picture makes me feel tense!(p.106) 2)Of 。