高中主谓一致讲解及练习

主谓一致主谓一致指人称和数方面的一致关系。主谓一致可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致。一、语法一致原则：即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数。以下为注意事项：1. 单数主语即使后面带有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, as much as, accompanied by, no less than, rather than, including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数。如：Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人迟来用餐。2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。如：Serving the people is my great happiness. 为人民服务是我最大的幸福.When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。what从句作主语时的主谓一致what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果其后是系表结构，表语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。如： What she said is correct她说的是正确的。 What he gave me are five English books他给我的是5本英语书。 What he needs is money他需要的是钱。 若用and连接两个动名词、不定式短语或主语从句，表示两个不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。若表示同一概念，则谓语动词用单数形式。如： Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit早起早睡是个好习惯。 When and where the building will be built hasnt been decided 何时何地建大楼还未定下来。 Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life 犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。 What you eat and how much you exercise are important factors in a weight loss program你所吃的与你锻炼的量对你的减肥计划都是重要的因素。4. 连接的并列主语被each, every, no 或 many a 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。We each have something to say. 6. 若主语中有more than one 或many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 但是当eitherneither of.构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式(在口语中也可视为复数)如：None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。 None of the money was paid to me. Either of the girls is Anns sister那两个女孩中有一个是安的姐姐。Neither of them is going to give up the chance他们两个都不打算放弃那个机会。8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如:His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night ; 以及The United Nations 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。10. “a +名词+and a half ”, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如：Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。二、内容一致原则：1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及“分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连用的名词。如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车，今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数。如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。3. 加减乘除用单数。如：Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数。如：Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。5. 集合名词的主谓一致1) 通常作复数的集体名词。包括police , people, cattle, folk, poultry(家禽）等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers.2) 表示类别总称的集合名词通常作不可数名词。包括equipment, furniture, clothing（衣服）, luggage，jewelry, machinery (机械） 等.3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词。包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public等。如：The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数。如:The injured were saved after the fire. 当某些形容词同定冠词连用表示某类事物或表示某一类抽象概念作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式The beautiful lives forever美是永存的。The old gives place to the new新陈代谢。7. 单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式。常见的这部分名词有aircraft，crossroads，deer，fish，headquarters，series，sheep，species，works（工厂）等。如： The crossroads isare dangerous这个(些)十字路口很危险。 Every means has been tried各种方法都试过了。 All possible means have been tried所有可能的方法都试过了。 A steel works has just been built there那儿刚建了一座钢厂。 Lots of aircraft were sent there很多飞机被派往那儿。 注意 fishes表示“各种各样的鱼”。名词clothes，works(作“著作”讲)，goods，contents，the Olympic Games的谓语动词律律用复数。如： Clothes keep people warm衣服使人保暖。 His works have been translated into several foreign languages 他的著作已经被翻译成了好几种外语。 若表示“一套衣服”，可用a suit of clothes。clothes不可与不定冠词a或数词连用。 若表示“一部作品”用a work，“两部作品”用two works。三、就近原则1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。如: Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。2. 用连词or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道这事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。3主语由肯定否定两部分构成时，谓语与肯定的一致。如： Not you but I am to answer for itI，not you，am to answer for it对此负责的是我而不是你4表示数量的“one and a half+复数名词”作主语时，其谓语要用单数形式。如： One and a half bananas is left on the table桌子上还剩有一个半香蕉。 One and a half hours is enough一个半小时足够了。注意：one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如：Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。1“aan+单数名词+or two”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如： A student or two has failed the exam一两个学生考试不及格。 “one or two+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon 昨天下午有一两个学生在植树。2在“It+be+被强调部分+thatwho.”结构中，be用单数形式is或was，如被强调部分是主语，thatwho后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。如： It is I who am a student我是学生。 It is they who have worked there for five years是他们在那儿工作了5年。3“the majority of+复数名词”作主语时，用复数谓语。the majority单独作主语时，谓语既可用单数，也可用复数形式。如： The majority of boys like football大多数男孩喜爱足球。 The majority waswere in favour of banning smoking大多数人支持禁烟。 The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。4“an average of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“平均有”；“the average of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“的平均数”。如： An average of 3，000 people come to visit this famous school every year 每年平均有三千人来这所名校参观。 The average of 14，3 and 1 is 614，3和1的平均数是6。5“a total of+复数名词”作主语与复数动词连用，意思是“总共有”；“the total of+复数名词”作主语与单数动词连用，意思是“的总数”。如： A total of 300 letters were received last month 上个月总共收到了三百封信。 The total of letters received last month was 300上个月收到的信总数是三百封。6当man(人类)，the world(世界上的人，人类)作主语时，谓语用单数。如： Only man knows how to cook只有人类懂得烹饪。 Only man is capable of speech+只有人类才具有说话的能力。 All the world knows that the earth is round世界上的人都知道地球是圆的。 7. population表示“人口”，即一个国家或地区的居民数目，它作主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时，population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民，它作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式，但当后面出现复数名词与其呼应时，谓语动词最好用复数形式。如： The population of Canada is about 29 million 加拿大的人口约为2 900万。Just under a third of the population now smokessmoke in this country 在这个国家目前吸烟人数不到总人口的三分之一。 About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants 这个国家大约百分之八十的人口是农民。8由“a kind of，this kind of，many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等，以及由与kind意义相似的type，sort，form，part，piece，section等构成的类似短语作主语时，谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。如： A kind of birds has been discovered by them他们发现了一种鸟。 A part of the book is not interesting这本书里有一部分内容没趣。 Parts of the book are very instructive 这本书有几部分内容很有教育意义。 These are two different forms of the same thing 这些是同一事物两种不同的形式。 练 习 1.Three _ died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds peopleB. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoplesD. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president _ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out3. I, who _ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. amB. isC. areD. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 _ in Beijing of China, which _ known to us all.A. is to hold; isB. is to be held; was C. are to hold; isD. are to be held; is5. There _ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _ up.A. were; itB. are; them C. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal _ every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploited C. had exploitedD. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March _ popular with the young people now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were8. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat _ grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. _ either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need _ good books.A. is B. areC. haveD. has12. The whole family _ TV attentively.A. are watchingB. is watching C. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses _ bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop _ a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. wasC. isD. sits15. If law and order _, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preserved C. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There _ little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have beenD. has been17. What such a sunset is _ strange to us all.A. going to beB. /C. isD. that18. Seventy-five percent of the earths surface _ with water.A. is coveredB. is coveringC. were coveredD. are covered19. The following _ some other mental diseases.A. beingB. areC. wasD. were20. Not only you but also I _ able to help him out.A. areB. isC. amD. were21. “ The Kites” _ us a story of the kites history.A. have toldB. tellsC. were toldD. was told22. You and I _ twin sisters.A. wereB. areC. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher _ us something about volunteer workers.A. are tellingB. is tellingC. are givenD. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish _ over a large period of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted awayD. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _ the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaningB. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student _ something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knows C. is knownD. are known27. The defence works _ built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. wereB. has been C. had beenD. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease？”“_ .”A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers _ quickly towards their position.A. were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy1.解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s2. 解析：选D. 当either or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上和后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。3. 解析：选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I , 所以谓语动词要用am.4. 解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。5.解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。6. 解析：选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。7. 解析：选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。8. 解析：选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。9. 解析：选B. both-and-连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。10.解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either要数上保持一致。11.解析：选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。12.解析：选A. 此处指：家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。13. 解析：选A. 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。14. 解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.15. 解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.16. 解析：选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。17. 解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。18. 解析：选A. 本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。19. 解析：选B. 本句的表语 是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。20.解析：选C. 根据 就近一致性原则，谓语用am.21. 解析：选B. 本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。22. 解析：选B. 用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形.23.解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。24.解析：选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。25.解析：选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。26. 解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。27. 解析：选D. 主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。 Long ago 表示过去.28. 解析：选C. 因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.29.解析：选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。30. 解析：选C. 本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。7