初二英语上册第八单元知识总结.doc

初二英语上册第八单元知识归纳Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?知识归纳1.No, one more thing. 不行，还有一件事。 One more thing意为“还有一件事”。More也可以表示“又，再”，但与基数词连用时，它与another位置不同，another 在基数词前，more在基数词后。助记：基数词+more+名词 相当于 another+基数词+名词。意为 还有，另外有We stayed there for two more days. 我们在那儿又待了两天。May I have another two bananas？我可以再吃两个香蕉吗？2.How do you make a banana milk shake?你怎样制作香蕉奶昔？【解析1 】 how“怎样，如何” ，用于提问动作的方式，方法，手段( ) _ did you make the model plane? A. What B. How C. Which D. Who 【 _do you like Huo Zuns “Roll of Bead Curtain(卷珠帘)”? - Very much. You know I love songs that both have great lyrics and beautiful music. A. WhyB. HowC. When D. What【解析2】make made made v 制，做( ) I am hungry . Do you have anything to eat? Yes, Lets _ some bread. A. do B. make C. have D. give【短语】make dumplings 包饺子 make a kite 做风筝make a banana milk shake 制作香蕉奶昔make faces 做鬼脸 make friends 交朋友 make the bed 整理床铺make mistakes 犯错 make up 编造 make room 腾出地方【句型】make sb. sth = make sth. for sb. 为某人制作某物Lucy made me a beautiful card . =Lucy made a beautiful card for me.使役动词，意为使、让常用短语：make sb do sth 使某人做，后接省略to的不定式Make sb/sth +adj 使某人/某物保持状态Eg：The story made me cry. 这个故事让我哭了。My mother makes me clean the room. 我妈妈让我打扫房间。You made Lucy unhappy. 你让露西不高兴了。This photo made me very sad. 这张照片让我很伤心。拓展：与make用法相同的使役动词还有：have let 都意为使，让 make sb. do sth使某人做某事Our teacher made us _(listen) to them carefully.【解析3】 shake （shook , shaken） v 摇动； 抖动Shake hands with sb. 和某人握手Shake one head 摇头 When we meet Americans for the first time, we should _(握手)with them.Youre supposed to shake _ (hand) when you meet your friends. 3. Turn on the blender. 打开搅拌器【解析】turn v 旋转，转动(1)turn on 打开，指把电器，水龙头等打开；反义词为turn off “关闭”。Turn on TV please. I want to watch the talk show.请打开电视，我想看脱口秀。(2)turn off 关闭，是turn on的反义词。Make sure to turn off the light before you leave.临走前一定要熄灯。(3)turn up 旋大；把声音调大 (反) turn down 把声音调小Turn the heat up high. Its a little bit cold.把暖气开大， 有点儿冷。turn down 旋小Would you turn down your radio a little?把收音机关小一点好吗?(4)turn right/left 向右转/左转(5)turn to 翻到 Turn to Page5.(6)take turn to do sth 轮流做某事(7)Its ones turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事The room was dark , so she asked me to _ the lights.A. turn up B. turn down C. turn off D. turn onRemember to_ _(关掉)the tap when you are not using it.Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Lets _the TV.A. turn down B. turn on C. turn offWould you be so kind as to _ your music?I am preparing for tomorrows speech.Sure. Sorry to disturb you.A. turn down B. turn up C. turn on4. cut up the bananas. 切碎香蕉cut up. 把切碎 代词作宾语的时候，须放在中间 cutinto.把切成（形状）【解析】cut cut cut v 切，割 cut up 切碎 【注】:(v +adv),跟代词做宾语，代词放中间，名词做宾语，可放在中间或后边cut into 把切割成 Can you cut the meat into slices?cut down 砍倒 We mustnt cut down any trees.cut off 切断，砍掉 cut in 插嘴 cut ones hair 理发If farmers _ trees and forests, giant pandas _ nowhere to live.A. cut down; have B. will cut down; will haveC. will cut don; have D. cut down; will have5. Peel three bananas. 剥三根香蕉【解析】peel (1)v 剥皮，削皮 peel sb. sth=peel sth for sb. 为某人削（水果皮）Mary peeled me an apple (2) n 水果皮 apple peel 苹果皮 orange peel 香蕉皮peel意为“剥，削（水果的皮）”，为及物动词，其后既可接名词、代词作宾语，也可接双宾语，即peel sb. sth.或peel sth. for sb.，意为“给某人削（剥）果皮”。【例句】1. I often help my mother peel potatoes.我经常帮妈妈削土豆。2. Please peel a banana for me. = Please peel me a banana.请帮我剥一个香蕉。【考查点】单词本身【易错点】后接双宾语的情况【考题链接】Your brother is very young. Please peel an orangehim.A. toB. forC. withD. of解题思路：peel sth. for sb.=peel sb. sth.，意为“给某人削（剥）果皮”。句意为“你弟弟还小，请给他剥一个橘子。”答案：B6. Pour the milk into the blender. 将牛奶倒入搅拌器 vt. pour 倾倒、灌、倒，其后可接宾语或双宾语。 （过去式：poured 过去分词：poured 现在分词：pouring 第三人称单数：pours）【解析1】pour v 倒，灌 into prep 到里，进入到之内 pour into 把.倒进Please pour the milk into the blender. Pour out 把到出 Please pour the cold water out . pour into表示“把倒进里”。 The peasants poured the grain into the elevator. 农民们把谷物倒进仓里。 ( ) Dont _ waste water into the river.A. turn B. make C. pour D. put【解析2】in/ into in 是表示物体位置的静态介词，意为在什么内部 in the desk.into 是表示动作方向的动态介词，和动词搭配成短语时，表示进入 “ 到里； 进入里” 。表示方向，后跟表地点的名词， 前面常有动词, 常与表示动作的动词come; go ; run等连用。反义词为out of “从里出来” 7. Put the bananas and ice-cream in the blender. 把香蕉和冰激凌放进搅拌器。【解析】put put put v 放，放置 put on 把.放在上 Put your book on the desk. put in 把 放在里 Dont put too much salt in the soup. Put into把 放在里 【短语】： put up 张贴 put away 把收拾好 put on 穿上 put off 推迟 ( ) Then you need to add some relish to the top of the bread. A. cut; up B. turn ;on C. put; on D. pour; into8.How many bananas do we need? 我们需要多少香蕉？ How much yogurt do we need? 我们需要多少酸奶？【解析】(1) how many + 可数名词复数 “多少” ,常用来对可数名词的数量提问 How many _ do we need to make fruit salad? Two should be enough.A. Cabbage B. potatoes C bananas D. lemon2. How many _ are there in the basket? A. potato B. bread C. tomatoes_people are there in your family? Three. A. How often B. How long C. How many D. How much (2) how much+不可数名词 “多少”, 常用来对不可数名词的数量提问，还可以对物品的价格提问_ did you pay for the CD? Only nine dollars. A. How many B. How much C. How long D. How oftenJenny, I need some milk. OK, Mum. _ do you need? A. How much B. How many C. How often D. How long 9. We need three bananas. 我们需要三根香蕉。【解析2】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事Students need _(have) a good rest in studying.(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done. Dont throw away the waste paper. It needs _ so that it can be reused. A. to destroy B. destroyingC. to collect D. collecting用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)neednt = dont have to 没有必要We _ use mobile phones when the plane takes off. A. may not B. shouldnt C. neednt D. mustnt (2)need ,must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用neednt Must we take out the trash now? _. You can do it after class.A. Yes , you must B. No ,you cant C. Yes, you may D. No, you neednt Mum , I want to buy an iphone 5s for a changer Well , I think there is no _ . Its almost the same as an iphone 4s. A.reason B.need C.answer D.way The man is feeling much better now, so you _ call a doctor.A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt From March 23rd 2013, anyone under the age of 14 _ go into Disneys US parks alone. A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. mightntYou _ worry about me. I feel much better now. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. wont2. need的用法:. need实义动词，意为“需要”，need+名词/代词， We need 2 spoons of honey.need to do sth. 需要做某事， Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗？ . need作情态动词，一般只用于对must的否定回答，不用于肯定句。Must he leave now? No, he neednt. 不，他不必。10. We need one cup of yougurt. 我们需要一杯酸奶。【解析】不可数名词的“量”的表达方式：【用法】不可数名词没有复数形式，在表达它的量时， 常用容器或质量的计算单位来表示，即： “数词+ 量词+ of +不可数名词”。 若数词大于1时， 只需要把不可数名词前面的量词变为复数。a cup of 一杯 two cups of 两杯 a teaspoon of 一茶匙 two teaspoons of 两茶匙 a slice of 一片 two slices of 两片 a kilo of 一公斤 five kilos of 五公斤( ) We have bought two _ for the coming party. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple11. Lets make fruit salad. 咱们制作水果沙拉吧。Let me think. We need two apples. 让我想想. 我们需要两个苹果。【解析1】Lets do sth 让我们一起做某事 用来表示说话者的建议肯定回答：OK/All right/Thats a good idea./Yes ,lets 否定回答：Sorry, I cant Lets go for a walk. All right./ Sorry, I cant( ) What good weather! Lets go boating on the lake. _.A. Thats all right B. Thank you very muchC. It doesnt matter D. Thats a good idea【解析2】 let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 Let me see.Let me _(help) you.12. No, one more thing. Finally ,dont forget to add some salt. 不，还有一件事。 最后别忘了放点盐。【解析】forget v 忘记forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（事情未做）Dont forget _(close) the door when you leave.forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 （事情已做）I forget closing the window.remember 记得，记住 forget to do sth 记住要做某事forget doing 记得做过某事Mum, remember to buy a story book for me.I remember going there before.Im sorry, Mr. Li. I _ my English homework at home.Dont forget _ it to school tomorrow.A. left, to bring B. forgot, to take C. lost, to bring13. Finally， turn on the blender. 最后，打开搅拌器。 adv. finally 最后，多修饰动态动词，位置较灵活，可位于句中、句首或句尾，位于句中时，要放在 be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。 They finally found the lost child. 他们终于找到了丢失的孩子。【解析】final adj 最终的 finally adv 最后地= at last = in the endfinal exam 期末考试finally = at last = in the end 最后Sally works very hard. Finally , she won the first place.A. At the end of B. At last C. Luckily D. To the end13、amount【用法】n.总数；总额；量；数额。amount用来修饰不可数名词，常用短语是a large amount of.【例句】1. The amount of money is 2,000 dollars.钱的总额是两千美元。2. The boss has a large amount of money.这个老板有一大笔钱。【考查点】与不可数名词搭配【易错点】与不可数名词搭配【考题链接】_ food is wasted.A. ManyB. A large amount ofC. AmountD. A large of解题思路：大量的食物都被浪费掉了。a large amount of用来修饰不可数名词。答案：B14. First Next Then Finally 首先，然后其次 最后【解析】 叙述做事的顺序或某事发生的顺序 ( ) How do you make fruit salad? _ cut up three bananas and a watermelon .Next put them in a bowl. A. First B. Next C. Then D. Finally15 Finally mix it all up. 最后把它们混合在一起。【解析】mix v 混合 mixture n 混合物 mix up 混合在一起（v+adv）跟pron. ,放中间 ( ) All the ingredients are in the bowl. Lets mix it all _. A. up B. down C. on D. to v. mix 混合，掺和，搞混 ，经常用于mix sth with sth的结构中，表示用.与.混合。（过去式：mixed 过去分词：mixed 现在分词：mixing 第三人称单数：mixes） The painter was busy mixing his colors. 画家在忙着调颜色。 This paint mixes easily with water. 这种颜料容易与水混合。 知识拓展-相关短语 mix up 表示“搅和，拌和，混淆”。如： Mix up milk and water. 把牛奶和水混合。 Im sorry I have mixed your names up. 对不起，我把你们的名字记混了。16.Then , add the cabbage , tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes. 然后，加入卷心菜、西红柿、和洋葱再煮10分钟【解析1】add v 加 add to 增加 addto 把.加到.上 add up to 总共达( ) The bad weather only added _ our difficulties. A. in B. to C. on D. with【解析2】another +数词+ 名词的复数形式= “数词+ more + 名词复数形式”another adj. “另一个” , 修饰名词作定语，用来指三者或三者以上的“另一个” Could we see each other at 9 oclock tomorrow morning? Sorry, lets make it _ time. A. others B. the other C. another D. other v. add 加；增加；补充，通常用于add sth to sth的结构中，表示将某物加到某物中。 （过去式：added 过去分词：added 现在分词：adding 第三人称单数：adds） If you add two to five, you get seven. 2加5等于7. Please add some salt to the soup. 请在汤里加点儿盐。 知识拓展-相关短语 1. add to sth. “增加某事物”，如： The bad weather only added to our difficulties. 这种坏天气只会增加我们的困难。 2. add up “加起来”，如： Add up all the money I own you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 3. add up to sth. “总计，共达”，如： The numbers add up to 100. 这些树木合计为100。17. I need some help. 我需要一些帮助。【解析】help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的 A little wine will not be _ to your health. Just dont drink too much.A. helpful B. helpless C. harmful D. harmlesshelp sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事I cant find my English book. Could you help _ find it? A.her B.him C.me D.them(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3)without the help of 没有在的帮助之下( ) _ your help, we couldnt catch the thief. A. With B. Under C. For D. Without(4)cant help doing sth 情不自禁的做某事(5) help oneself to 请随便吃James, help_(you) to some salad , its just behind you. Help _ to some fish, Jeff.A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself18. Half a cup .半杯【解析】half a 一半的.“half of +名词” 作主语时其后的谓语动词由of后的名词决定。Half of the books are novels.Half of his money was stolen.19.It is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn. 它是一个感谢秋天丰收的时刻。【解析】give thanks for sth.对某事表示感谢；give thanks to sb. for sth.因某事而感谢某人。 I want to give thanks for my dear mothers love.我想感谢亲爱的妈妈给我的爱。She gave thanks to me for my help.她对我的帮助表示感谢。20.Next,fill the turkey with some bread mix. 把上面的面包混合物塞入火鸡中。【解析】fillwith意为“把用装满”(表动作)be filled with 意为“装满”(表状态)be full of 意为“充满；装满”(表状态)Fill the bottle with some water, please. 请把这个瓶子装满水。My life is filled with happiness. 我的生活充满欢乐。The bottle is full of milk. 瓶子里装满了牛奶。21、Its time （for sb）to do sth 是某人做的时候了Its time for sth 是做的时候了Its time (for me) to go to bed. Its time for dinner.21. First , put some butter on a piece of bread. 首先，在一片面包上涂些黄油。 a piece of表示“一块，一片，一段，一根”。piece后面常接不可数名词，但是piece 自身是可数名词，有复数形式，用of结构表示不可数名词的数量。【解析1】 piece n 片，块 （指部分的或个别的事艺术品，音乐的幅，首，篇）a piece of of music 一首音乐 a piece of advice 一条建议 Can I help you , sir? Id like to have 100_. I want my students to draw pictures. A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. pieces of papers 【解析2】bread n 面包 （不可数名词），表示数量时，与 a piece of 连用 Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eatA. three bread B three pieces of breadC. three pieces of breads D three piece of bread Could you please get me some_? Im hungry.A. apple B. water C. bread D. egg22、slice【用法】slice意为“薄片，切片”，常用短语a slice of表示“一片”。【例句】1. What he needed was just a slice of chicken.他所需要的仅仅是一片鸡肉。2. Please give me a slice of bread to make a sandwich.请给我一片面包，我要做三明治。【考查点】用slice来表达不可数名词的量【易错点】slice的复数形式【考题链接】There are twoin the basket.A. breadB. breadsC. slices of breadD. slices of breads解题思路：bread是不可数名词，表示复数时，只能在表示数量的名词上体现。答案：C23、top【用法】top是名词，意为“顶；上部”，on the top意为“在上面”；on表示在一个面上，top后常接of。【例句】1. The mountain tops are covered with snow.山顶遍布积雪。2. She put some sugar on the top of her cake.她在蛋糕上加上糖。【考查点】短语on the top of【易错点】介词on【考题链接】the top of the hill, there are many trees.A. WithB. OnC. InD. Under解题思路：句意为“在山顶上有很多树。”on the top of表示“在的顶部”，为固定搭配。答案：B【即学即练】1. Before we eat bananas, we shouldthem first.A. cutB. mixC. peelD. check2. Pass me three(slice) of chicken.3. The high mountain has a tower on the tof it.（根据句意及首字母提示完成单词） 24.These days, most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 现在多数人们仍然以同家人共聚盛宴来表达感恩的思想。 基本用法 v. celebrate 庆祝，歌颂，赞扬（过去式：celebrated 过去分词：celebrated 现在分词：celebrating 第三人称单数：celebrates） Tom celebrated his 24th birthday two days ago. 汤姆两天前庆祝了他的24岁生日。 知识拓展-相关单词 n. celebration A wedding is a joyful celebration of love. 婚礼就是快乐的爱情庆典。25. Do you like lettuce in sandwiches? 你喜欢在三明治上放莴苣吗？【解析】 like v 喜欢（反以）dislikelike to do sth 喜欢做某事 （ 指做具体的事）I like _(打篮球)like doing sth 喜欢做某事 （指兴趣爱好）Tom likes _(想要钓鱼) this morning26. In most countries, people usually eat traditional food on special holidays 在大部分国家，人们通常在特殊的节日里吃传统食物。【解析1】tradition n 传统 traditional adj. 传统的The Spring Festival is Chinese _(tradition) Festival【解析2】on special holidays 在特别的节日里27. For some people, it is a time to give thanks for food in the autumn. 对一些人来说，它是对秋收表达感激之情的日子。【解析1】 Its + a good time + for sb. to do sth 对某人来说，这是一个做某事的好时机( ) It is polite(礼貌的) _ a gift when you visit somebody for the first time. A. take B. taking C. to take 【解析2】give thanks for 感谢，后跟名词或动词-ing28.Id like to give my thanks to my mother for loving me so much.5. Next , fill the turkey with this bread mix. 接着把这些面包混合物填入火鸡的肚子里。【解析】 fill . with. 用.装/填满. be filled with = be full of 充满 The box is too heavy to carry. Whats in it? Oh, it is _ books. A. filled with B. covered with C. used for D. asked forfill【用法】强调动作：fillwith把用装满；fillinto把装入【例句】1.The farmer fills the bag with corn.2.He filled the books into the boxes.强调状态：be filled with装满了=be full of【例句】1. The bags is filled with corn.2. The bottle is full of yogurt.29、cover【用法】n.覆盖物，盖子；封皮the cover of the bookv.覆盖，盖上coverwith用盖上，强调动作：Cover the dish with newspapers.be covered with被覆盖，强调状态：The outside is all covered with snow.30. serve it to your friends with some vegetables. 将它与一些蔬菜一起端给你的朋友享用。【解析】serve sb. with sth = serve sth. to sb. 招待某人吃某物。 Excuse me. What time is dinner _ in your restaurant? From 6:00 to 9:00 on weekdays. A. predicted B. included C. served D. announced v. serve 接待，服务，提供，servewith“用招待，提供，供应”。（过去式：served 过去分词：served 现在分词：serving 第三人称单数：serves） The company serves the city with running water. 这家公司为这个城市供应自来水。 知识拓展-相关短语 1. serve as “适合，用作，担任”。如： Wilson wants to serve as the manager of the store. 威尔森想当这个商场的经历。 2. serve for“适合，用作，担任”。如： The box will serve for a seat. 这个箱子可当一个座位。31. So it is always on the fourth Thursday in November in the United States. 所以美国人总是在十一月的第四个星期四庆祝这个节日。【解析】on the fourth Thursday in November. 在十一月的第四个星期四在具体的某一天介词用on .在某月介词用 in Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays _ October. A. in B. on C. at D. toWhen did you meet Jack for the first time?I met him _ airport _ National Day. A. at; in B. at; on C. on; in D.on; on Li Yuchun is my favorite singer. I once met her _ 2012 in Hunan. A. to B. on C. at D. in32. These days , most Americans still celebrate this idea of giving thanks by having a big meal at home with their family. 如今，多数美国人仍然由于这个原因而庆祝这个节日，他们在家里与家人共进丰盛的一餐来表达感恩。by+doing意为“通过做某事”。介词by意为“通过.，凭.，以.”,后面常接doing.常用来回答How do you.?或How can I.?这类问句。 【解析1】by的用法： (1)by doing sth 通过方式 by studying with a group【注】介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句， 表示“怎样做”。by 的其他常见用法：by +地点在旁边by the river by the window 在窗户边by +时间不迟于；在之前I have to be home by 10 pm.by 用于被动语态被; 由This book was written by Mark Twain.by + 交通工具乘By car/ bus /boat / air-_does your brother go to work? - By bike. A. Where B. Why C. How 【解析2】have a big meal 吃大餐33.Here is one way to make turkey for a Thanksgiving dinner. 这是为感恩节大餐做火鸡的一种方法。one way to do sth.意为“做某事的一种方法/方式”，该结构相对于one way of doing sth. 34. To make this special food, you need to have rice noodles ,chicken soup, chick ,lettuce and eggs. 要想做这种特别的食品，你要有米饭、鸡汤、鸡肉、生菜和鸡蛋。【解析1】 to make this special food 是不定代词短语，在句中做目的的状语。She studied hard to pass the exam.【解析2】rice noodles 米线10. Its time to enjoy the rice noodles!是到了享受米粉的时候了。【解析1】Its time to do sth = Its time for sth.该到做某事的时候了。Its 9:30 pm, children! _ is time to go to bed.A. That . It C. This D. They【解析2】enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事 Our class enjoy _(study) English.35. The main dish of this meal is almost always turkey, a large bird. 这顿大餐的主菜几乎总是火鸡 一种大鸟。【解析】main dish 主菜 Did you enjoy the _ ? Yes, it was delicious . A. Party B. meal C. trip36. When it is ready, place the turkey on a large plate and cover it with gravy