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Unit 9 When was it invented？（Section A）一语法：被动语态1.被动语态的时态: 被动语态的时态通过be的变化来体现，它必须与主语的人称、数一致。以下是几种常用的被动语态:(1)一般现在时的被动语态: am / is / are + 动词的过去分词。Eg：This book in two languages.这本书是用两种语言写的.(2)现在进行时的被动语态: am / is /are + being + 动词的过去分词。Eg: A school is by the workers now.工人们正在建一所学校.(3) 一般将来时的被动语态: will / be going to + be + 动词的过去分词.Eg: The project will next month.这项工程下个月就完工.(4) 现在完成时的被动语态: have / has + been + 动词的过去分词.Eg: My homework .我的作业以完成了.(5) 一般过去时的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词.Eg: The classroom three days ago. 教室是三天前被打扫的.(6) 含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 +be +动词的过去分词.The classroom every day.教室应该每天都被打扫.2.被动语态的否定句和疑问句:（1）否定句的构成：必须在第一个助动词后加not。Eg：His homework finished. 他的作业还没有完成。（2）疑问句的构成：将第一个助动词置于主语之前。Eg：When the bridge ？这座桥是何时建的？3、主动语态变被动语态的方法:（1） 把主动语态变的宾语作为被动语态的主语（2） 主动语态的谓语改成be + 过去分词的形式，作为被动语态的谓语，be随着主语以及时态的变化而变化。（3） 主动语态的主语变为by的宾语，有时可以省略。4、被动语态的注意方法:（1） 在主动句中动词make，let，have，see，hear，feel，watch，find notice等后接不定式作宾补时，动词不定式都要去掉to,但变被动语态时,后面的不定式须加to.make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. eg: The man made the boy _ his homework. The boy was made_ _ his homework.hear sb. do sth. sb. be heard to do sth. eg: I often hear him_ in the next room. He is often heard _ _in the next room. (2) 主动语态中若有双宾语,变为被动语态时,只将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变.一般情况下,往往把表示人的宾语变为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（物）留作被动句的宾语。如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，则间接宾语常须有介词（一般是for或to）eg： My mother bought me a bike. 其被动句为: I was bought a bike by my mother. = A bike was bought for me by my mother.(3)有些词如系动词taste, feel, look, smell, sound 等,以及 sell 作 “销量(好坏)”讲时常用主动语态表达被动的意思.Eg: This song sounds gentle. 这首歌听起来轻柔. Many kinds of books sell well. 许多种类的书销量不错.(4)有些词,如happen=take place “发生,” belong to “属于,”没有变动语态.Eg: The necklace belongs to me. 这个项链属于我. 被动语态专项练习一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A.Is; built B.Was; bulit C.Does; build D.Did; build( )2.An accident _ on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened( )3.Cotton （棉花）_ in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow( )4.So far,the moon _ by man already. A.is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in th school hall next week. A.is given B.has been given C.will be given D.gives( )6.How many trees _ this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done( )8.Neither of them _ in China. A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made( )9.Look! A nice picture _ for our teacher. A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws( )10.Your shoes _. You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn( )11.The doctor _ for yet. A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent( )12.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A.did; use B.was; used C.is; used D.are; used( )13.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known( )14.I _ in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born( )15.He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent( )16.Who _ this book _? A.did; written B.was; written by C.did; written D.was;written( )17.Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )18.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )19.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump( )20.The school bag _ behind the chair. A.puts B.can be put C.can be putted D.can put( )21.Older people _ well. A.looks after B.must be looked after C.must look after D.looked after( )22.Our teacher _ carefully. A.should be listened to B.should be listen C.be listened D.is listened二、 用动词的正确语态填空。（综合运用）1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.2. That play _(put) on again sometime next month.3. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.4. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.5. What _ a knife _ (make) of? It _(make) of metal and wood.6. A Piano concert _(give) here last Friday.7. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the library?8. The room _ (clean) by me every day.9. The stars _ (can see) in the daytime.10. Some flowers _(water) by Li Ming already.11. These kinds of machines _(make) in Japan.12. Apples _ _(grow) in this farm.13. Russian _ _ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.14. Planes,cars and trains _ _ (use) by business people for travelling.15. The cinema _ _ (bulid) in 1985.16. The bike _ _ _ _ (must not put) here.17. A beautiful horse _ _ _ (draw) by John next day.18. This kind of machine _ _(can made) by uncle Wang.19. Mr. Green _ _ (open) two new school.20. The PLA _ _ (found) on August 1st,1927.21. By the time he was ten, the boy _(learn)English and French.22. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?23. _ you _(see) the film yet?Yes, I _(see) it last week.24. Uncle Wang _(live) here since 198025. Listen! Someone _(sing).26. Tom _(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.二知识点. 1. 本单元要掌握的句型 When was the car invented? It was invented in 1885.When were electric slippers invented? They were invented last year.Who were they invented? They were invented by Julie Thompson.What are they used for? Theyre used for seeing in the dark.2. When was it invented?invent v. 发明，创造inventor n. 发明家 invention n. 发明 可数名词例如：He has _ a new way of making silk. 他发明了一种制造丝绸的新方法。Do you know who _ computers? 你知道谁发明的电脑吗？【拓展】invent, create, find & discover(1)invent “发明；创造”，指制造、发明出新事物。(2)create “ 创造；创作；创建”，强调从无到有，表示创造具体的东西，也课表示创造抽象的东西。(3)find “发现；找到”强调结果。(4)discover “发现；发觉”指初次看见本来已存在但以前未被发现的事物。Exercises: 使用invent, create, find & discover填空。Columbus_America but he did not explore the continent.(大陆)They looked for the bag everywhere, but in the end they didnt _it. We must work hard to_ a harmonious society.(和谐社会) We all know that Alexander Bell_the telephone.3. Theyre used for seeing in the dark.它们被用于在黑夜里观看。be used for表示“被用来做(是被动语态)”，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。Wood can be used for _paper.木材可以被用来造纸。Pens are used for _. 笔是用来写的。 Pens arent used for _. 笔不是用来吃的。【拓展】含有be used的常用短语：（1）be used as表示“被用作”，介词as意思是“作为”的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。This book can _ _ _ textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。（2）be used by表示“被使用”，by后接动作的执行者。This kind of machine _ _ _ farmers for getting in crops.4. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如：I gave _ _ _ _. 我给他一支笔。 give sb. sth. I gave _ _ _. 我给他一支笔。5. all day 整天 10. salty adj. 咸的 _ n. 盐6. by mistake 错误地 如： I took the umbrella _ _ 我不小心拿错了雨伞。7. make sb./sth. +形容词 使怎么样 It made me _. 它使我高兴 make sb./sth. +动词 让做 It made me _. 它让我发笑8Battery-operated slippers were invented by Julie Thompson.电池控制的拖鞋是朱莉。汤普森发明的。operate v. 操作，作业【拓展】（1）operate v. 操作，作业 例如：Can you _- the computer? 你会用电脑吗？（2）operate v. 动手术，用于operate on sb. “给某人做手术”。例如：The doctor will _ _ his mother at once. 那位医生将马上为他的母亲动手术。（3）operate v. 经营，管理 例如：The company _ ten factories. 这家公司经营着10家工厂。（4）operation n. 手术 例如: She had an _ for stomach. 她做过胃部手术。9. What do you think is the most helpful invention? 你认为什么是最有用的发明？ 1)do you think 在此处用作插入语，常置于疑问词之后，不可置于疑问词前。如：_ do you think _ _ us English?你认为谁将教我们英语_do you think our life _ _ _ in 100 years? 你认为一百年后我们的生活会是什么样？ 2)-ful构成的形容词：care_ wonder _ use _ forget _10. I think it would be better to have 我认为拥有将是更好的。 Its better (for sb.) to do sth. 意思是“（某人）最好做某事”， it 为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。如： It is better_ _ _walk to school. =You _ _ walk to school.你最好步行去学校。Unit 9 When was it invented？（Section B）知识点讲解：1. Although tea wasnt brought to the Western world until 1610，this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that 虽然茶直到1610年才被带到西方国家，但是这种饮料早在那之前的三千多年前就被发现了。although 作连词, 意为 “虽然,尽管”,引导让步状语从句, 我们不能根据汉语习惯, 在后面使用连词but, 不过它可以与yet, still连用。notuntil 意为 “直到才”，until 引导一个时间状语从句。He go to bed his father came home. 直到他爸爸回家时他才睡觉。2.According to 是个短语介词,意为 “根据;依照” according to a legend根据一个神话_ this article根据这篇文章 _ the radio, it will rain tomorrow. 根据收音机说,明天有雨。3.fall into “落入, 陷入” He was drunk and _ _ the water. 他酒醉跌落水中。The_ _ _ the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She_ _ from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。4. The emperor noticed that the 1eaves in the water produced a pleasant smell帝王注意到水中的叶子发出一种怡人的气味。pleasant,pleased与pleasure的区别: pleasant形容词,用以修饰物, pleased形容词,用以修饰人， pleasure名词， It is a to meet you again. 再次见到你很高兴。It is very to have a cup of tea after dinner. 饭后喝一杯茶是很愉快的。The two friends were very to see each other again.这两个朋友再次见面感到非常高兴。5. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。6. notuntil 直到才做 如：I _ _ _ _ _ I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。 7. over an open fire 野饮 8. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 _9. nearby adj. 附近的 如：_ _ _ 附近的河流10. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 如： _ 一个漂亮的女孩 _一个很贵的旅馆 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如：_ 一个漂亮女孩 _一个很贵的旅馆注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am _ _.= I am _ _. 我非常高兴。18. in the way 这样 19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快 高兴 指天气、时间、旅行令人高兴愉快 please v. 使高兴 使同意20. batteryoperated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 22. travel around 周游23. more than = over 超过 如： more than 300 = over 300 超过300Unit 9 When was it invented？（Reading）1 How popular is each sport? Rank them(1-8)in the right order of popularity.每项运动有多流行？用1-8按流行度排列他们How popular is sth.?某物有多流行？Eg.-How popular is ?这种袜子有多流行 -Oh,almost every girl in the street wears a pair.街上的女孩几乎人人都穿。(1) in the order of 以的顺序eg.Mr Song talked to us one dy one ?宋老师按座次。的顺序挨个找我们谈话(2) keep sth. in order维持秩序 Some teacher find difficult to .一些老师发现维持课堂秩序很难(3) give the order to do sth.下令做 The general advance.将军下令前进。(4) take orders from sb. 执行某人命令 Eve only the manager.伊芙只执行经理的命令。(5) in order to do sth. 为了以便 get a complete picture,further information .为掌握全面情况，还需要更多信息。(6) in order that 为了，后跟从句 She worked hard she could get a good chance.她努力工作以便可以得到更好的机会。(7) out of order 有毛病，出故障 The cellphone .这手机坏了。2.This much-loved and active sport is enjoyed by many, for fun and exercise.这项深受喜爱的有活力的运动被许多人喜欢，用以娱乐和锻炼。(1)much-loved 备受喜爱的，至爱的 eg. Can you stand one get hurt?看到你至爱的人受到伤害，你受得了吗？ well-loved深受爱戴的eg: After years hard work, Pu Cunxing has become actor. 经过多年的努力，濮存昕已成为深受人们爱戴和尊敬的演员。(2)active 活动的，活泼的，积极地 my grandpa is nearly 90,he is still very . 尽管我爷爷近90了，他仍然很活跃。a.The child has a very .那个小孩的想象力十分丰富。b.Everyone should school life.人人都应积极参加学校活动(3)actively 副词，积极地 eg, Your proposal .你的提议正得到认真考虑。activity 名词，活动 eg,The club provides many , tennis and swimming. 本俱乐部提供包括网球和游泳在内的许多活动。3.It is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries including China, where basketball has been played in parks, school, and even in factories.包括中国在内的200多个国家里有1亿多人在打篮球，在公园里，学校甚至工厂里都有人在打篮球。Where引导的定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，是非限定性定语从句。类似的句子有：I will never forget your house, I spoke in front of so many people for the first time.我永远不会忘记你家，在那里我第一次在那么多人面前讲话。4.Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith ,who was born in 1861.篮球是有一个叫詹姆斯。奈史密斯的加拿大医生发明的，他出生于1861. Who was born in 1861是非限定性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开，。Eg: Do you know the beautiful actress called Zhou Dongyu, starred the movie Under the Hawthorn Tree? 你知道主演山楂树之恋的那个叫周冬雨的女演员吗？Water, is a clear liquid , .水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。5.When he was at college, his class was once asked to invent a new game that could be played indoors during the long winters. 上大学时，他的班级曾被要求发明一种能在漫长的冬季在室内玩的游戏。（1）be asked to do sth. 被要求做某事 eg: All the teachers in our college .我们学院所有老师都被要求穿制服（2）indoors 副词，在户内 Many herbs and they can grow very well. 许多草本植物都能在室内种植并长得好。Youd better .你最好呆在室内。The heavy rain stopped them eating .大雨阻止了他们在外野餐。6.Dr Naismith created a game to be played on a hard wooden floor, so the safety of the players was important.奈史密斯医生创造了一种要在坚硬的木质地板上玩的运动，因此队员的安全是很重要的。create 创造，创作，创建。creator, 创造者 creation 创作物典例：At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat online. A. create B.creats C.creating D.created7.Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous. 队员相互碰撞和跌倒都将是很危险的。knock 短语脱口秀： knock at, knock on 敲敲（门）， 敲敲（窗） knock over, knock down 打翻（杯子），推倒（墙 ） knock against 撞或碰，knock into 撞上谁典例：The old man a policeman while listening to the MP5 given by his little daughter. A. knocked on B. knocked into C. knocked down into D. knocked over8.Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them how to play his new game.奈史密斯医生把班上的男生分成两组教他们玩这种游戏。 本句中的divide.into是动介短语， My father the cake four pieces.我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块典例：In ZDB School, students are often (分成)groups to discuss difficult problems.9.The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the “basket”：a net hanging from a metal hoop. 篮球运动的目标是让运动员把球投入篮筐：一个悬挂在金属圈下的网。aim 的用法:（1）the aim of的目She went to Shenzhen with _ _ _.他去深圳是为了赚钱。（2）aim at 力求达到 We the first prize .我们力求拿到一等奖。（3）aim to do sth. 力求做某事The government reduce the air pollution.政府力求减少大气污染。（4）be aimed at 目的是，旨在 These measures protecting wildlife.这些措施旨在保护野生生物。hang 的用法：（1）垂下（hung,hung）He his head in shame. 他羞愧地低下头。（2）挂在墙（hung,hung）Several paintings in the sitting room. 几幅画挂在客厅里（3）绞死，施以绞刑（hanged,hanged）Nanthan Hill at last.内森。希尔最后被绞死了。10.Players shoot from below the basket and may use the “backboard” for guiding the ball into the basket. 运动员从蓝下他投球，可以利用“篮板”指引球进入篮筐。shoot的用法：（1）shoot at sb. 朝某人开枪 Dont .别朝我开枪。 （2）go shooting 打猎 They .他们去户外打猎去了。below与under 用法辨析：below 指一物的位置低于另一物，但不一定在正下方;还可以用于计量单位或刻度。 The Green family live in the apartment .格林一家住在我们楼下的公寓里。 Venice is now several meters the sea level. 威尼斯现在在海平面一下好几米了。而under 指两事物的空间立体性，且多指垂直;还表示“少于” The ball is the table. 球在桌子的下面。 All our pants are 20 dollars. 所有我们的裤子都低于20 美元。11. It is believed that. 相当于people believe that.是“人们相信/认为”的意思， _ _ _ _ by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.= _ _ that by the year 2010, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2010年，世界人口将达到七十亿。还有It is said that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报道 It is supposed that.据猜想12. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 如: Six people,_ a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。13. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词14. be born 出生 He _ _ in Canada. 他在加拿大出生15. safety n. 安全_adj. 安全的16. divide sth. into 将划分成. 通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的部分 如：Lets_ourselves _ 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。18. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时态连用 如：_ _, I _ _ Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。课后练习：用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. I hear he likes _ (morning) very much. 2. I _ (real) want to see him soon. 3. Is mother had a _ (quickly) breakfast, and went to0 work this morning. 4. Does the teacher often help you with your _( homework)? 5. Last night he went to bed later, so he looks _ (exhaust) today. 6. Did you go to watch any _ (video) yesterday? 7. _ (hundred) of people took part in the party last night. 8. They ere waiting for the _ (school) buses, but they didnt come. 9. He told us a quarter of the worlds population _ (use) English. 10. We think English is the _ (popular) language for science.二、单项选择。 1. He is very kind, and hed like to help _ people.A. rich B. homeless C. happy D. clever 2. We want to cheer _ sick _ kids in the hospital.A. up B. on C. for D. at 3. What do you usually do _ the evening after supper?A. on B. at C. of D. in 4. He has realized that he _ his wallet in the shop.A. left B. forgot C. borrowed D. sold 5. Yesterday I was late _ school because the traffic was heavy.A. on B. to C. to D. for 6. English people _ use Mr before a mans first name.A. ever B. never C. often D. usually 7. I dont know hat happened _ Zhang Hong the day before yesterday.A. at B. for C. about D. to 8._ the first day of new term, I see all my friends and teachers.A. In B. At C. On D. For 9. I went to bed at eight thirty, but they stayed _ till twelve oclock.A. away B. in C. out D. up 10. I have never seen _ a car _ this before. A. such, that B. as, as C. so, as D. so, that 11. He told me there was a good movie _ TV the next week. A. on B. at C. in D. about 12. Dont mix English words _ Chinese, please. A. and B. of C. with D. in 13. She has a very high _, but she isnt a soprano. A. sound B. noise C. voice D. speech 14. Your spelling is terrible! Look at this word, _. A. such as B. like C. look like D. for example 15. Do you Egyptians use _ same greeting as everyone else?A. a B. an C. the D. x三、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. By the time we got home, my mother _ (go) out for a walk. 2. When _ your classmate _ (come) into his class this morning? 3. His father was ill. He had to _ (stay
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