2022-2023年考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第40期

2022-2023年考博英语-南昌大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题You cannot ignorance as your excuse; you should have known what was happening all along.问题1选项A.refer toB.defendC.pleadD.persist in【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。refer to “参考，涉及”；defend “辩护；防护”；plead “借口”；persist in “坚持；固执于”。句意：你不能拿无知当借口；你本就应该知道发生了什么事情。2. 单选题Labor and management have agreed on a temporary settlement, thereby a strike.问题1选项A.startingB.forestallingC.causingD.accelerating【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。start “开始”；forestall “预先阻止”；cause “导致”；accelerate “使加快”。根据关键信息 a temporary settlement可知是暂时解决了问题，因此阻止了罢工（strike）。选项B符合题意。句意：劳资双方达成了协议，一场罢工被阻止。3. 单选题The _ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in second place.问题1选项A.initialB.previousC.subsequentD.prime【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。initial “最初的，第一的”；previous “以前的，早先的”；subsequent “随后的”；prime “主要的，最好的”。句意：如今，英国人的主要死亡原因是心脏病，癌症位居第二。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Geoffrey had been completely exhausted but felt considerably after a meal and a good rest.问题1选项A.refreshedB.renewedC.regainedD.reshaped【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Refresh “使恢复”；renew “使更新”；regain “恢复”；reshape “改造”。句意：杰弗里已经完全筋疲力尽了，但在吃了一顿饭并好好休息了之后，他重新恢复神气。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive “能生产的” ；prevalent “流行的，普遍的”。句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题I didnt send out my application form last week, but I .问题1选项A.had toB.would doC.should haveD.might have to【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。should have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”。句意：我上周没有提交申请表格，这本是我应该去做的。选项C符合题意。7. 单选题When Mr. Simpson went to apply for a in the office of a local newspaper, he was told to see the manager.问题1选项A.careerB.positionC.professionD.location【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。Career “事业”；position “职位”；profession “职业，专业”；location “位置，地点”。句意：当辛普森先生去当地一家报纸寻求职位时，他被告知去见经理。选项B符合题意。8. 单选题The government has decided to an investigation into the increase in deaths from drugs.问题1选项A.initiateB.generateC.conspireD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。initiate “开始，创造”；generate “使形成”；conspire “共谋，协力”；negotiate “谈判，交涉”。句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题That young woman there was a shop assistant; she is now a manager in our supermarket.问题1选项A.beforeB.preliminarilyC.formallyD.formerly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。Before “以前，过去”；preliminarily “初步地”；formally “正式地”；formerly “以前，原来”。句意：那个女人之前是店员；现在成了一家超市的经理。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题The Forbidden City is the former imperial palace in the center of Beijing, China. A.Construction began in 1406, and the emperors court officially moved in by 1420. The Forbidden City got its name because most people were barred from entering the 72-hectare site, surrounded by walls. Even government officials and the imperial family were permitted only limited access. Only the emperor could enter any section at will.The architecture of the Forbidden City conforms rigidly to traditional Chinese principles. All buildings within the walls follow a north-south line, and the most important ones face south to honor the sun. The designers arranged the other buildings, and the ceremonial spaces between them, to impress all visitors with the great power of the Emperor, while reinforcing the insignificance of the individual. This architectural concept was carried out to the smallest detail. For example, the importance of a building was determined not only by its height or width but also by the style of its roof and the quantity of statuettes placed on the roofs ridges.In recognition of the importance of its unparalleled architecture, UNESCO added the palace to its World Heritage List in 1987. Today, visitors from all over the world do not wait for an imperial invitation to walk about this palace, now a museum of imperial art.One of the most impressive landmarks of the Forbidden City is the Meridian Gate, the formal entrance to the southern side of the Forbidden City. The gate, with its auxiliary wings on either side of the entryway, is 38 meters high at its roof ridge. When you stand in front of this majestic structure, you understand how awed people felt when they stood there listening to imperial proclamations.As you walk through the gate, you come into a large courtyard, 140 meters long and 210 meters wide. Running through the courtyard is the Golden River, which is crossed by five parallel white marble bridges. These bridges lead to the Gate of Supreme Harmony, which, in turn, leads to the heart of the Forbidden City. Its three main halls stand atop a three-tiered marble terrace overlooking an immense plaza. A.The plaza has enough space to hold tens of thousands of subjects paying homage to the emperor.At the northernmost end of the Forbidden City is the Imperial Garden, which is totally different from the rest of the compound. D.Instead of rigid formality, you see a seeming spontaneous arrangement of trees, fishponds, flowerbeds, and sculpture. Here is the place of relaxation for the emperor.1. From the passage, it can be inferred that .2. From the passage, it is implied that the main entrance area to the Forbidden City is .3. Which phrase is closest in meaning to the word “proclamations” in paragraph 4?4. According to the passage, what do the bridges over the Golden River lead to?问题1选项A.Chinese architects borrowed ideas from many different countriesB.the design of the Forbidden City is dull and colorlessC.the architecture of the Forbidden City exemplifies traditional Chinese valuesD.the garden of the Forbidden City was laid out in a strict, rectangular pattern问题2选项A.surrounded by three tall wallsB.painted gold and greenC.decorated with statuettesD.not very impressive问题3选项A.Music composed for public ceremoniesB.Speeches encouraging soldiers to fightC.Official public announcementsD.Poetry written for the emperor问题4选项A.The Meridian gateB.The Gate of Supreme HarmonyC.The center of BeijingD.The Imperial Gardens【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句话提到紫禁城的建筑严格遵循中国的传统原则（The architecture of the Forbidden City conforms rigidly to traditional Chinese principles），由此可知选项C“紫禁城的建筑体现了中国传统的价值观”符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第一段第三句话提到紫禁城得名于大多数人被禁止进入这个区域，周围有围墙（The Forbidden City got its name because most people were barred from entering the 72-hectare site, surrounded by walls），由此可知进入紫禁城的入口是被高墙围住，因此选项A符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第四段最后一句话提到当你站在这座雄伟的建筑前，你就能理解人们站在那里聆听帝王宣言的敬畏之情（When you stand in front of this majestic structure, you understand how awed people felt when they stood there listening to imperial proclamations），由此可知选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章 第五段第三句These bridges lead to the Gate of Supreme Harmony可知选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Attempts to persuade her to stay after she felt insulted were .问题1选项A.in no wayB.on the contraryC.at a lossD.of no avail【答案】D【解析】考查短语辨析。in no way “绝不”；on the contrary “相反”；at a loss “亏本地”； of no avail “无效，不起作用”。句意：在她遭受羞辱后要她留下来是徒劳无功的。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题The new tourist hotel is said to have for over one thousand guests.问题1选项A.convenienceB.capacitiesC.accommodationsD.capability【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。convenience “方便”；capacities “容量；能力” ； accommodations “住房，住宿” ；capability “才能，能力”。句意：据说这家新的旅游旅馆能容纳一千多名客人。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months.Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. D.It involves taking the blood from a donors arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipients arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease-causing bacteria.Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. D.All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV (which cause AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed.Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process, to freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. D.To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. D.The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.1. According to this passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?2. Which sentence in paragraph 2 explains how clotting is prevented in the blood container?3. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT?4. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to infants and newborns?5. What does the author imply in the passage?问题1选项A.Every monthB.Every two monthsC.Every three monthsD.Every year问题2选项A.The first sentenceB.The second sentenceC.The third sentenceD.None of the above问题3选项A.allergiesB.sensitivity to donor leukocytesC.red-cell incompatibilityD.air bubbles in the blood问题4选项A.It is as rigorously tested as blood for adultsB.It is treated with radiant energyC.It is not treated differently from adultsD.It is not dangerous for children问题5选项A.Transfusing blood is a dangerous processB.Freezing blood destroys plateletsC.Clotting cannot be preventedD.Storing blood benefits mankind【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement），由此可知选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health），因此选项D符合题意。14. 单选题Doctors believe that secondhand smoke may cause lung cancer in people who do not smoke. Nonsmokers often breathe in the smoke from other peoples cigarettes. This is secondhand smoke. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke.The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals. In the past, scientists did not think these chemicals harm a nonsmokers health. Recently, though, scientists expressed their opinion after they studied a large group of nonsmokers. They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies. As a matter of fact, almost all of us breathe tobacco smoke at times, whether we realize it or not. For example, we cannot avoid secondhand smoke in restaurants, hotels, and other public places. Even though many public places have nonsmoking areas, smoke flows in from the areas where smoking is permitted.It is even harder for children to avoid secondhand smoke. In America, nine million children under the age of five live in homes with at least one smoker. Research shows that these children are sick more often than the children who live in homes where no one smokes. The damaging effects of secondhand smoke on children also continue as they grow up. The children of smokers are more than twice as likely to develop lung cancer when they are adults as the children of nonsmokers. The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke.1. It can be inferred that about fifty-three thousand people die in America .2. Non-smokers get harmed by smokers .3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. Which of the following is NOT listed as a negative effect imposed by secondhand smoking on children?5. Which group of children suffer from secondhand smoking to the greater extent?问题1选项A.because of smokingB.though they dont smokeC.because their parents smokeD.though their parents dont smoke问题2选项A.because of the poisonous smoke they breathe inB.if they live togetherC.when there is no non-smoking area in the public utilitiesD.though the poisonous chemicals contained in the smoke dont harm them问题3选项A.Non-smokers may be passively involved in secondhand smokingB.Non-smokers may die of secondhand smokingC.We all, more or less, suffer from secondhand smokingD.Secondhand smoking is even more harmful than smoking itself问题4选项A.They are sick more oftenB.They are more likely to develop mental diseaseC.It will influence their future lifeD.They are more likely to develop lung cancer问题5选项A.Children under the age of five living in homes with no smokersB.Children under the age of five living in homes with one parent smokingC.Children under the age of five living in homes with two parents smokingD.Children under the age of five living away from their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到美国每年大约有五万三千人死于二手烟（The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that about fifty-three thousand people die in America each year as a result of exposure to secondhand smoke），由此可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第二段提到点燃的香烟产生的烟雾含有许多不同的有毒化学物质（The smoke that comes from a lit cigarette contains many different poisonous chemicals），接着提到即使不吸烟的人体内也含有大量有害的有毒化学物质（They discovered that even nonsmokers had unhealthy amounts of these toxic chemicals in their bodies），由此可知不吸烟的人之所以受吸烟人的影响是因为他们吸入了有毒气体，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章讲述了二手烟的危害，选项A“不吸烟的人被迫吸入二手烟”、选项B“不吸烟的人由于吸入二手烟而丧命”、选项C“我们所有人或多或少都会受到二手烟的影响”都能在文章中体现，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章并没有提到吸入二手烟的不良影响与精神疾病有关，因此选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章最后一段最后一句话提到对于那些父母都吸烟的家庭中的孩子来说，这种风险甚至更高（The risk is even higher for the children who live in homes where both parents smoke），因此选项C符合题意。15. 单选题TBA Industrial Products produces asbestos (石棉) textiles for brake linings. The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible. With constant exposure to that level, according to a report by an Ontario Royal Commission, between one and four out of 100 people working for 25 years could expect to die of a asbestos-related cancer. Yet David Gee, health and safety officer of the General, Municipal and Boiler-makers Union, accepts that the company should go no lower. Why?Problem number one is assessing the risk and the difference that proposed safety measures would make to it. There are three basic categories, to which the HSEs policy-makers workin the jargon, corpses, cancers and catastrophes.“Corpses” are the victims of one-off accidents. A wealth of evidence on such accidents exists, and the effects of measures to combat them are easily calculated.“Cancers”, the killer diseases that can arise from working long periods in unsafe environments, are harder to assess. The diseases may not appear until years after the process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause and effect is often controversial.Assessing the potential for “catastrophes” -like Bhopal, Seveso or Flixborough_ in which tens of thousands of people can be affected is harder still. Such events are exceedingly rare so they cannot be predicted on the basis of past experience. Instead engineering experts think of everything that could go wrongand of the things that could go wrong with the precautions. The probability of an accident is then expressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one. This process yields an estimate of the risk of loss of life for each plant or process. The next stage is to put a money value on it.The classic economists calculation uses what is called the “human capital” approach. The dead person is valued as a machine who would otherwise have produced goods.This callous calculus made no allowance for what most people would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering. That has now changed, thanks to work by Professor Michael Jones-Lee and his colleagues at Newcastle University. They asked members of the public what risks they would be prepared to run for what overall rewards. This process yields estimates of the subjective value of lives. The answer seems to come out between lm and 2m.1. Why is TBA Industrial Products about to reduce asbestos levels in the air at their plant?2. “Cancers” are harder to assess than “corpses” because .3. What does the assessment of the potential for “catastrophes” rely on?4. The writer suggests that the “human capital” approach is .5. A typical question posed by Professor Jones-Lee and his colleagues would have been:问题1选项A.To comply with a report by the Ontario Royal CommissionB.Because the Union is demanding stricter safety measuresC.Because present levels are above those set by the HSED.To improve the quality of their brake linings问题2选项A.the safety measures employed vary a great dealB.Tthere are far more of themC.Tthe wealth of evidence has not yet been analyzedD.Iit is difficult to trace the cause of some diseases问题3选项A.An analysis of a few past disasters.B.Mathematical probability calculations.C.A comparison of “cancers” and “corpses”.D.Reports of a companys capital.问题4选项A.unreliable and riskyB.invaluable and subjectiveC.too rough and readyD.clinical and inhumane问题5选项A.How much do you think a persons life is worth?B.Would you say you enjoy taking risks at work?C.How much would you work in an asbestos factory for?D.What reward would you expect for saving someones life?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段提到公司计划减少工厂排放至空气中的石棉含量，即每毫升空气中纤维含量最多0.5，这是卫生安全局定下的范围（The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of airthe control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible），因此可以推测目前的含量超过了这个范围，才会需要降低，因此选项C符合题意。2.细节事实题。文章第四段最后一句话提到这些致命的疾病可能要在多年后才出现，而其产生的原因和导致的结果之间的关系具有争议性（The d