2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1

2022年考博英语-四川农业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The medical record shows that it was the drug, not the disease, _ killed him two years ago.问题1选项A.the effects of whichB.the effects of itC.finallyD.that【答案】D【解析】考查强调句。句意：医疗记录显示两年前是药物而不是疾病害死了他。it was.that是强调句型，强调是the drug而不是the disease，not the disease是插入语，去掉it was.that，句子仍然成立，the drug killed him two years ago。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题Can you give me another hint without _ the answer?问题1选项A.giving offB.giving awayC.giving upD.giving in【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项giving off“发出”；B选项giving away“泄露”；C选项giving up“放弃”；D选项giving in“屈服”。句意：你能在不告诉我答案的情况下再给我一个提示吗？本句表示泄露答案。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题From its birth in 1981 with just two employees, the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation had become one of the worlds largest sovereign funds, managing more than $100 billion in assets, with 900 employees in eight offices around the world. It is larger even than Temasek Holdings, the governments better-known fund. Temasek gained attention with its $1.9 billion purchase of a controlling stake in Thailands dominant telecommunications company from the family of the countrys prime minister. That helped stir street protests that led to a coup dtat (政变) there last year.The stake was part of a broader expansion started in mid-2002 by the companys executive director, Ho Ching, formerly head of government-owned Singapore Technologies and wife of Singapores Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong. Aimed at reviving Temaseks financial performance in the wake of a recession, Temasek has since taken large stakes in banks as distant as India, China and the Standard Chartered Bank of Britain. Temasek says its investments are purely for financial purposes despite its ownership by the government. Nonetheless, it has run into political headwinds (逆风) in the region. An Indonesian court recently ruled that it would have to sell one of the controlling stakes it holds, one directly and the other through a subsidiary, in the countrys two dominant cellular telephone companies.Over the last few years, Singapore has embarked on an aggressive effort to court private banks and their clients as a way of diversifying the economy as manufacturing jobs were shifting to China and Vietnam, turning the country into an Asian asset base. There are already at least 40 private banks with offices in Singapore, managing assets worth at least $150 billion. With many wealthy Europeans shifting assets to Singapore from Switzerland to take advantage of rapid Asian growth and avoid new withholding taxes in Europe, the European authorities have stepped up criticism of Singapores banking system, saying that Singapore needed to tighten controls against money laundering.Singaporean financial authorities say they do not condone money laundering and recently stepped up fines against banks found to be involved in illicit financial activity. The Government Investment Corporation, known as G.I.C., is controlled by the state, and Singapores founding Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew, is its chairman. His son, the current prime minister, is deputy chairman. Tony Tan, its executive director, is a former deputy prime minister.Both Temasek and G.I.C. have aggressively recruited top international financial talent, and G.I.C. in particular has a reputation among bankers and analysts as a shrewd and powerful investor. More than 40 percent of its employees are not Singaporean. Its investment panel includes Charles Ellis, chairman of the Yale University Investment Committee, and Robert Litterman, a managing director of Goldman Sachs Asset Management. Despite managing public funds, G.I.C. does not publicize its holdings or returns. Last year on its 25th anniversary, Lee Kuan Yew offered the companys first financial disclosure, reporting that G.I.C. had averaged a 9.5 percent annual return in United States dollar terms over its lifetime.1. The passage mainly discusses about _.2. Form the first paragraph, it can be inferred that _.3. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of Temasek Holdings?4. Many Europeans shift assets to Singapore due to the following reasons except _.5. The word “condone” most probably means _.问题1选项A.Singapores financial strategy in recent yearsB.conditions about the two large government funds in SingaporeC.the transformation or evolution of Singapores banking systemD.the close relation between Singapores financial system and the government问题2选项A.Singaporeans are against the purchase of controlling stake in Thailands telecommunications companyB.Singaporeans think that Temaseks purchase is indeed a political dealC.Singaporeans think that Temaseks purchase will make them have a lossD.Thais are reluctant to let Temasek to control their telecommunications company问题3选项A.Temasek Holdings seems to be quite reluctant to interfere within the political issue of the countries it invests into.B.Temasek Holdings will sell one of the controlling stakes in Indonesian mobile telephone companies directly and through a subsidiary.C.Temasek Holdings conducts such expansion in order to change its depression.D.Temasek Holdings has not only subtle relations with Singapores political elite, but also those of neighboring countries.问题4选项A.they want to invest into Asia so as to gain more profitsB.they want to conduct money laundering by tactically avoiding taxesC.they want to carry out illegal financial activity in AsiaD.they think the investment environment in Europe is not attracting问题5选项A.encourageB.allowC.remitD.permit【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章主要分析了新加坡两大政府基金的情况，同时也提到了新加坡的金融策略、经济转型问题，但主要还是围绕这两大基金来谈论的。因此B选项“新加坡两大政府基金的情况”符合文章主旨。A选项“新加坡近些年来的金融策略”，C选项“新加坡金融系统的转型或发展”，D选项“新加坡的金融系统与政府之间的密切关系”只是文章某一部分的内容，不能全面地概括文章主旨，所以A, C, D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句That helped stir street protests that led to a coup dtat there last year.（这引发了街头抗议，并导致了去年的政变。），说明泰国人不愿意让淡马锡控制他们的电信公司。因此D选项“泰国人不愿意让淡马锡控制他们的电信公司”正确。A选项“新加坡人反对购买泰国电信公司的控股股权”，B选项“新加坡人认为淡马锡的收购行为实际上是有政治意向的”，C选项“新加坡人认为淡马锡的收购行为会给他们带来损失”均不符合题意，所以A, B, C错误。3.客观细节题。A选项“淡马锡基金看起来非常不愿意干涉它所投资国家的政治事务”在原文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“淡马锡会将自己在印度移动电话公司的控股股权直接和通过子公司的方式卖出”，由原文one directly and the other through a subsidiary（一种为通过其子公司控股）可知，它是直接通过子公司来控股，而不是卖出股份，所以B错误。D选项“淡马锡基金不仅与新加坡的政治精英阶层有微妙的关系，而且与邻国的关系也非常微妙”，原文提到了该基金与政府的关系，也提到了其在周边邻国的投资，但没有说关系很微妙，所以D错误。C选项“淡马锡基金声称本基金完全独立于政府之外，进行有效的自治”，由原文Aimed at reviving Temaseks financial performance in the wake of a recession, Temasek has since taken large stakes in banks as distant as India, China and the Standard Chartered Bank of Britain.（淡马锡为了在经济萧条后重振雄风，从那时开始就在印度、中国、英国的渣打银行持有大量股份。）可知，该基金为了在萧条后重振雄风，才到其他地方购买股份，这属于一种自治，所以C选项正确。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句With many wealthy Europeans shifting assets to Singapore from Switzerland to take advantage of rapid Asian growth and avoid new withholding taxes in Europe, the European authorities have stepped up criticism of Singapores banking system, saying that Singapore needed to tighten controls against money laundering.（许多富有的欧洲人都将资产从瑞士转移到新加坡以分享亚洲经济快速增长的盛宴，并且逃避欧洲的新税收，因此欧洲一些政府都在批评新加坡的银行体系，称新加坡需要加紧控制洗钱。），说明许多欧洲人将资产转移到新加坡是为了在亚洲投资以获取利润以及避税，所以A选项“他们想要在亚洲投资以获得更丰厚的利润”，D选项“他们认为欧洲的投资环境不那么有吸引力”属于他们转移资产的原因，排除A, D。C选项“他们想要在亚洲从事非法的金融活动”，由原文可知，从一些欧洲当局的批评以及新加坡的回应可以看出部分资金是用来进行非法交易的，所以C选项属于转移资产的原因，排除C。B选项“他们想要通过巧妙避税来洗钱”，原文只是说想要避税，而不是通过避税来洗钱，所以B选项不属于转移资产的原因，本题选B。5.语义推测题。由题干关键词“condone”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Singaporean financial authorities say they do not condone money laundering and recently stepped up fines against banks found to be involved in illicit financial activity.（新加坡财政部称他们不会宽恕洗钱活动，最近还对那些发现涉及非法金融活动的银行加大了处罚。），说明“condone”在文中是指“宽恕，容忍”的意思。因此C选项“宽恕”正确。A选项“鼓励”，B选项“允许”，D选项“同意”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。4. 单选题When we sold our ranch and moved to town, mother had decided _ open a day nursery.问题1选项A.toB.onC.inD.for【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：当我们卖掉农场搬到镇上时，母亲决定开一个日间托儿所。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“决定做某事”。其他三项不能和decide搭配。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Mr. White was told again and again to _ smoking but he just wouldnt listen.问题1选项A.cut throughB.cut offC.cut downD.cut away【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项cut through“抄近路走过”；B选项cut off“切断”；C选项cut down“减少”；D选项cut away“切掉”。句意：怀特先生一再被告知要减少吸烟，但他就是不听。本句表示减少吸烟。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Ever since Antarctic exploration began, men entering on the frozen continent have taken for granted being completely cut off from the rest of civilization. Now all that has changed. In June 1967 I was proud to be aboard a history-making airingthe first to make a regularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica in the black of its winter night.A beginning was made in 1961, when a Soviet exchange scientist wintering at remote Byrd Station fell critically ill. Our Navy flew in and got him out, and he recovered. We flew in for another patient in 1964, and two more in 1966. All these flight were made on an emergency basisand of course at considerable riskduring the months when, traditionally, Antarctica is cut off from the world. But, if we could get in and out safely in an emergency, why could we not fly inand with greater safetyon a regular, planned schedule?During the summer, Navy C-130s fly back and forth on routine over-ocean flights between the Deep Freeze advance base at Christchurch, New Zealand and McMurdo Station, the main American scientific base in Antarctica. But all these flights are made in broad 24 hours daylight. Even in summer, flying to and from Antarctica is hazardous. A man down in that icy water could live only about 10 minutes. In winters darkness and more intense coldness, the perils are multiplied. An aircraft down at sea or on the “ice” (our everyday term for Antarctica) can be a lot harder to find at night than in daylight.Yet, despite these hazards, we had strong reason to open up Antarctica in winter. Scientists working in universities in the United States have summer free for research. Regular fly-ins allow us to deliver them and pick them up in time to resume their academic duty. Obviously, the flights would be popular with the men in the ice and good for morale, for they would carry in mail and fresh provisions.1. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?2. Before June 1967, there were regularly scheduled flights _.3. Our Navy flew in: what was special about this flight?4. Which of the following can we infer from the passage?5. The flight was welcomed by the men in the Antarctica because _.问题1选项A.The writer was aboard on history-making airplane flights in June, 1967.B.A Soviet exchange scientist fell critically ill when I was in the Antarctica.C.June is the winter in the Antarctica.D.My trip to the Antarctica was the first regularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica.问题2选项A.only in the Antarctic summerB.only in the Antarctic winterC.in both summer and winterD.only on an emergency basis问题3选项A.As a result of it, the sick man recovered.B.It was in the Antarctica winter.C.It was an international assistancethe U.S. was coming to the help of a Soviet scientist.D.All of the above.问题4选项A.The writer was frightened by the hazard in the Antarctica.B.The writer was restrained by the coldness in the Antarctica.C.The writer is suggesting opening up the Antarctica in winter.D.The writer wishes to be a scientist working in the Antarctica.问题5选项A.it sends more companions to themB.they can resume their academic dutyC.they will have a chance to get the news from their families and friendsD.they can go back on the return flight【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.客观细节题。A选项“作者在1967年6月登上了创造历史的飞机航班”，由原文In June 1967 I was proud to be aboard a history-making airing（1967年6月，我很自豪地登上了一架创造历史的飞机）可知，作者在1967年6月登上了一架创造历史的飞机，A选项表述正确，排除A。C选项“六月是南极洲的冬天”，由原文In June 1967the first to make a regularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica in the black of its winter night.（1967年6月第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南极洲。）可知，六月是南极洲的冬天，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“我的南极之行是第一次前往南极洲的定期航班”，由原文the first to make a regularly scheduled flight to the Antarctica in the black of its winter night.（第一次在漆黑的冬夜乘坐定期航班前往南极洲。）可知，作者乘坐的是第一次前往南极洲的定期航班，D选项表述正确，排除D。B选项“我在南极洲时，一位苏联交换科学家病得很重”，由原文A beginning was made in 1961, when a Soviet exchange scientist wintering at remote Byrd Station fell critically ill.（事情开始于1961年，当时一名苏联交换科学家在遥远的伯德站过冬时得了重病。）可知，这位苏联科学家得病时作者还没有去南极洲，B选项不符合原文，所以本题选B。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第四句All these flight were made on an emergency basis（所有这些飞行都是在紧急情况下进行的），说明只有在紧急情况下才有飞往南极洲的航班。因此D选项“只在紧急情况下”正确。A选项“只有在南极洲的夏天”，B选项“只在南极洲的冬天”，C选项“在夏季和冬季都有”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句A beginning was made in 1961, when a Soviet exchange scientist wintering at remote Byrd Station fell critically ill. Our Navy flew in and got him out, and he recovered.（事情开始于1961年，当时一名苏联交换科学家在遥远的伯德站过冬时得了重病。我们的海军飞过去把他救了出来，他康复了。），所以A选项“它的结果是，那个病人康复了”，B选项“是在南极洲的冬天”，C选项“这是一次国际援助美国来帮助一位苏联科学家”均属于这次飞行的特点。因此D选项“以上都是”正确。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第一句Yet, despite these hazards, we had strong reason to open up Antarctica in winter.（然而，尽管有这些危险，我们还是有充分的理由在冬天开放南极洲。），说明作者支持在冬天开放南极洲。因此C选项“作者建议在冬天开放南极洲”正确。A选项“作者被南极洲的危险吓坏了”，B选项“作者被南极洲的寒冷所束缚”，由原文可知，作者认为人们可以克服南极洲冬天存在的困难，所以A, B错误。D选项“作者希望成为一名在南极洲工作的科学家”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。5.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Obviously, the flights would be popular with the men in the ice and good for morale, for they would carry in mail and fresh provisions.（显然，这些飞行会受到冰天雪地里的人们的欢迎，也会鼓舞士气，因为它们可以送来邮件和新鲜的食物。），说明飞行受到南极洲的人们欢迎的原因是它们可以送来邮件消息。因此C选项“他们有机会得到家人和朋友的消息”正确。A选项“送来了更多的同伴”，B选项“可以继续他们的学术任务”，D选项“可以乘坐返程航班回去”均不符合题意，所以A, B, D错误。7. 单选题The bartender walked out _ the counter and began to drive the drunk out of the bar.问题1选项A.from beforeB.from underC.from behindD.from across【答案】C【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项before“在之前”；B选项under“在下面”；C选项behind“在后面”；D选项across“穿过”。句意：酒保从柜台后面走出来，开始把那个醉汉赶出酒吧。本句表示从柜台后面走出来。因此C选项正确。8. 翻译题1. Britain almost more than any other country in the world most seriously face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportion of its population in high blocks of flats.2. It is said that the English man objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.3. In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from bottom to the top, and so on, as well as such details as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages in the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.4. It is likely that the dispute regarding flats versus (对，对抗) individual houses will continue to rage on for a long time as far as Britain is concerned.5. Those who oppose the building of flats base their case primarily on the assumption that everyone prefers an individual home and garden. They also ignore the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both money and time of the journeys to work.【答案】1. 英国几乎比世界上其他任何国家都更加需要严肃对待建筑物向高空发展的问题，也就是说，要在很高的公寓楼里面容纳下人口总数的一大部分的问题。2. 据说英国人反对这种居住方式，但是倘若情况如此的话，那么英国人确实不同于今天世界上大多数国家的居民。3. 过去，我们的住宅小区和低收入人群相联系，它们缺乏一些必须设施，比如中央供暖设备、稳定的热水供应、贯通上下的电梯等等。还有一些细节之处，如灰尘和垃圾的简单处理设施，一楼的婴儿车存放处，楼顶的儿童游乐场，以及衣服的晾晒场地。4. 就英国而言，关于公寓与私人住宅的争论很可能会持续很长一段时间。5. 那些反对建公寓的人所根据的主要理由是，他们认为每个人都想拥有单独的住宅和花园。他们还忽视了为分散的社区提供全面服务的较高成本，以及上班路上的金钱和时间成本。9. 单选题_ that theyre young and inexperienced, theyve done quite a good job.问题1选项A.BeingB.ProvidedC.GivenD.Now【答案】C【解析】考查分词性从属连词。句意：考虑到他们年轻又没有经验，他们已经做得相当不错了。given that是一个词组，意为“鉴于，考虑到”，后面所跟的从句是基于共同的认识和已有的事实。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Rich Harris has good news for you. Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated developmental psychology for almost half a century.Ms. Harriss attack on the developmentalists “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, are no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer (同龄人) group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood. Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that peoples child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically. Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook.1. According to Ms. Harris, _.2. Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?3. According to Para. 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?4. The word “ditched” could be best replaced by _.5. What is the authors main purpose?问题1选项A.parents are to blame for any bad behavior of their childrenB.parents will affect greatly the childrens life in the long runC.nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on childrens personality developmentD.childrens personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors问题2选项A.Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.B.Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.C.Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.D.Nurture has a less significant effect on childrens personality development.问题3选项A.It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.B.Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.C.It has been proved that peers have more impact on childrens qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.D.It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.问题4选项A.provedB.emphasizedC.comparedD.ignored问题5选项A.To highly praise Ms. Harriss work.B.To counter Ms. Harriss work.C.To objectively report on M