2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解19

2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题At its best, any prison is so unnatural a form of segregation from normal life that like too loving parents and too zealous religion and all other well-meant violations of individualityit helps to prevent the victims of resuming, when they are let out, any natural role in human society. At its worst, the prison is almost scientifically designed to develop by force ripening every one of the anti-social traits (品质，性格) for which we suppose ourselves to put people into prison. (I say suppose, because actually we put people into prison only because we dont know what else to do with them) Prison makes the man who is sexually abnormal, sexually a maniac. Prison makes the man who enjoyed beating fellow drunk in a barroom come out wanting to kill a policeman.Probably we cannot tomorrow turn all the so-called criminals loose and close the jails, though, of course that is what we are doing by letting them go at the end of their sentences. No, society cannot free the victims. Society has unfitted for freedom. Doubtless, since the Milennium (太平盛世) is still centuries ahead, it is advisable to make prisons as sanitary and well-lighted as possible, that the convicts may live out their living death more comfortable. Only keep your philosophy straight. Do not imagine that, when you have by carelessness failed in inoculating (给接种，注射) them, let your victims get smallpox, you are going to save them or exonerate (免除，解除) yourselves by bathing their brows, however grateful the bathing may be.What is to take the place of prisons?6. The author says that prison is like some parents, or like some kinds of religion, in that it _.7. At the worst, according to the passage, prison _.8. Why, according to the author, do we put people in prison?9. Why, according to the author, cant we let all the prisoners free?10. Read the last sentence but one (beginning with “Do not imaging.”), and then choose the answer that is closest to its meaning.问题1选项A.makes people incapable of living independentlyB.is too strictC.doesnt train people for useful workD.is too zealous问题2选项A.makes criminal characteristics worseB.makes all prisoners violentC.destroys the spiritD.causes sexual problems in most prisoners问题3选项A.To punish them.B.For lack of any other solution.C.To give them a sense of discipline.D.To make them less violent.问题4选项A.Because they are too dangerous.B.Because society will not allow it.C.Because we have made them antisocial.D.Because they prefer to stay where they are.问题5选项A.You cant reform prisoners by kind treatment.B.It is easy to catch diseases such as smallpox in prison.C.In any kind of political or social conditions, it is natural that some people should turn out to be enemies of society.D.Society makes criminals; it shouldnt feel its done enough for them by creating good prison conditions.【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】6.【选项释义】6. The author says that prison is like some parents, or like some kinds of religion, in that it _. 6. 作者说，监狱就像一些父母，或像某种宗教，因为它_。A. makes people incapable of living independently A. 使人无法独立生活B. is too strict B. 太严格C. doesnt train people for useful work C. 没有训练人们做有用的工作D. is too zealous D. 太热心【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段第一句“在最好的情况下，任何监狱都是一种与正常生活隔离的不自然形式，就像溺爱的父母、太狂热的宗教和所有其他善意侵犯个性的行为一样”，从中可知，作者把监狱比作溺爱的父母和狂热的宗教以及其他任何善意的对人们个性的侵犯，是因为所有上述事物都有一个共同的特点，那就是它们都破坏了一个人正常的独立生活，A选项符合这一分析。【干扰项排除】B选项“太严格”、C选项“没有训练人们做有用的工作”、D选项“太热心”都不符合原文，曲解原文。7.【选项释义】7. At the worst, according to the passage, prison _. 7. 根据这篇文章，最坏的情况是监狱_。A. makes criminal characteristics worse A. 使犯罪性格变得更差B. makes all prisoners violent B. 使所有囚犯变得暴力C. destroys the spirit C. 摧毁精神D. causes sexual problems in most prisoners D. 导致大多数囚犯出现性问题【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“在最糟糕的情况下，监狱几乎是科学地设计来发展强化监狱中的犯人的每一个反社会的特征，而我们因为这些反社会的特征而把人送进监狱”，从中可知，监狱的最糟糕之处在于它几乎是科学地被设计出来强化发展监狱中犯人的种种反社会特征，A选项符合这一分析。【干扰项排除】C选项“摧毁精神”属于曲解原文；B选项“使所有囚犯变得暴力”和D选项“导致大多数囚犯出现性问题”在文中虽然有提到，但不是最糟糕的情况，本末倒置。8.【选项释义】8. Why, according to the author, do we put people in prison? 8. 根据作者的观点，我们为什么要把人关进监狱？A. To punish them. A. 惩罚他们。B. For lack of any other solution. B. 因为没有其他的解决办法。C. To give them a sense of discipline. C. 给他们一种纪律性。D. To make them less violent. D. 让他们不那么暴力。【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段括号里的句子“我假设实际上我们把人关进监狱只是因为我们不知道还能拿他们怎么办（do with them）”，do with表示“处理，对付”，综合理解可知，作者认为之所以将犯人送进监狱是因为我们没有别的办法，B项符合这一分析。【干扰项排除】A选项“惩罚他们”、C选项“给他们一种纪律性”和D选项“让他们不那么暴力”都与原文相反，属于反向干扰。9.【选项释义】9. Why, according to the author, cant we let all the prisoners free? 9. 根据作者的观点，为什么我们不能释放所有的囚犯呢？A. Because they are too dangerous. A. 因为他们太危险了。B. Because society will not allow it. B. 因为社会不允许。C. Because we have made them antisocial. C. 因为我们让他们变得反社会。D. Because they prefer to stay where they are. D. 因为他们更喜欢待在原地。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段第二句“不，社会不能清除（free）受害者”，以及第三句“社会不适合自由”，第二句中的free指的是“去除，清除”的意思；综合理解，我们不能释放所有的囚犯是因为社会没办法去除所有的受害者，即社会无法承担让这些囚犯回归自由的代价，结合第一段第二句“在最糟糕的情况下，监狱几乎是科学地设计来发展强化监狱中的犯人的每一个反社会的特征，而我们因为这些反社会的特征而把人送进监狱”可知囚犯在监狱里都继续强化他们的反社会特征，放出来后还是对社会有害，社会不会允许他们这种行为，所以推知，社会不会允许这样做。B选项符合这一分析。【干扰项排除】A选项“因为他们太危险了”由解题思路可知这些犯人在坐牢之前已经是危险的，这不是我们不能释放他们的原因，而是他们去坐牢的原因，属于本末倒置；C选项“因为我们让他们变得反社会”由解题思路可知犯人在坐牢之前已经反社会，并不是“我们”让他们变得反社会，属于偷换概念；D选项“因为他们更喜欢待在原地”没有提到，属于无中生有。10.【选项释义】10. Read the last sentence but one (beginning with “Do not imaging.”), and then choose the answer that is closest to its meaning. 10. 阅读文章最后一句（以“Do not imaging.”开头），然后选择最接近其意思的答案。A. You cant reform prisoners by kind treatment. A. 你不能以礼相待来改造囚犯。B. It is easy to catch diseases such as smallpox in prison. B. 在监狱里很容易染上天花等疾病。C. In any kind of political or social conditions, it is natural that some people should turn out to be enemies of society. C. 在任何一种政治或社会条件下，有些人成为社会的敌人是很自然的。D. Society makes criminals; it shouldnt feel its done enough for them by creating good prison conditions. D. 社会促使了罪犯；政府不应该觉得为他们创造良好的监狱环境已经做得够多了。【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先，根据题干定位至文章最后一句“假使因为粗心你未能给犯人及时接种疫苗而使他们染上天花，成为受害者，那么不要以为用药水冲洗一下他们的额头以缓解病情就可以拯救他们，或使你自己心安，无论这种冲洗可以缓解犯人多大的痛苦”，这一句为暗喻，这篇文章的主旨是抨击现行监狱制度的种种不合理之处；联系文章主旨，我们可以得知作者说这一句话的目的是用来暗示，如果由于社会的原因造成了犯罪，那么仅仅把监狱改造一下，让犯人的生活舒服一点，社会本身也并不能因此而逃脱责任。所以D项符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“你不能以礼相待来改造囚犯”和C选项“在任何一种政治或社会条件下，有些人成为社会的敌人是很自然的”不符合原文的分析，属于曲解原文；B选项“在监狱里很容易染上天花等疾病”并没有深层分析，曲解原文。2. 单选题Paul was so _ about his baldness that he wore a hat, whether it was winter or summer.问题1选项A.self-composedB.self-consciousC.self-confessedD.self-confident【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. self-composed 镇定的，沉着的 B. self-conscious 难为情的，自己意识到的C. self-confessed 自动坦白的，公开承认的 D. self-confident 自信的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由baldness（秃顶）可知，Paul对此是难为情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】保罗对自己的秃顶感到很难为情，无论是冬天还是夏天，他都戴帽子。3. 单选题Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable occupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine” qualities required.This is true even in politics. “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them.The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.1. The word “liability” (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means “_”.2. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness _.3. Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness _.4. It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often _.5. The author writes this passage to _.问题1选项A.misfortuneB.instabilityC.disadvantageD.burden问题2选项A.reinforces the feminine qualities requiredB.makes women look more honest and capableC.is of primary importance to womenD.often enables women to succeed quickly问题3选项A.turns out to be an obstacle to menB.affects men and women alikeC.has as little effect on men as on womenD.is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women问题4选项A.practicalB.prejudicedC.old-fashionedD.radical问题5选项A.discuss the negative aspects of being attractiveB.give advice to job-seekers who are attractiveC.demand equal rights for womenD.emphasize the importance of appearance【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The word “liability” (Line 5, Para. 1) most probably means “_”.1. 单词“liability”（第1段第5行)最有可能是“_”的意思。A. misfortune A. 不幸B. instability B. 不稳定C. disadvantage C. 缺点D. burden D. 负担【考查点】词汇推断题【解题思路】第一步：句中前后信息衔接，第一段“文章开头讲了许多漂亮在工作，生活中的优点，但最后发生了转折：But in the executive（主管的）circle, beauty can become a liability“在管理圈内，漂亮有可能变为不利”，前面的内容是说美能够带来的好处，比如让咨询师给出更好的建议，让法官轻判，后面单词与前面形成转折，所以可以排除A、B选项。第二步，上下文语义衔接，下文第三段中有提到“他们的成功不是归功于能力，而是运气等因素（not to ability but to factors such as luck.）”，就是因为美丽所以导致人们带有色眼镜看自己，这使自己无形之中形成了缺点，所以答案选C选项。【干扰项排除】A选项“不幸”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“不稳定”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“负担”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2.【选项释义】2. In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness _. 2. 在传统的女性工作中，吸引力_。A. reinforces the feminine qualities required A. 巩固了带有女性特征的品质B. makes women look more honest and capable B. 让女人看起来更诚实、更有能力C. is of primary importance to women C. 对妇女至关重要D. often enables women to succeed quickly D. 常使妇女迅速成功【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第六段第二句：“有魅力的女性在传统的属于女性的工作中具有优势，但是一个漂亮的女人在传统的男性工作中似乎缺乏所需的男性素质”；第二步，综合理解，这里可知D选项“常使妇女迅速成功”正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“巩固了带有女性特征的品质”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“让女人看起来更诚实、更有能力”，定位到第五段第一句“让女人看起来更诚实、更有能力”，所有不漂亮的女性高管都被认为比漂亮的女性高管更正直，更有能力，所以B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“对妇女至关重要”，文章没有提及吸引力对女性很重要，反而暗含着漂亮对女性是个阻碍，C选项属于无中生有。3.【选项释义】3. Bowmans experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness _.3. 鲍曼的实验表明，当涉及到政治时，吸引力_。A. turns out to be an obstacle to men A.对男人来说是阻碍B. affects men and women alike B.对男人和女人都有同样的影响C. has as little effect on men as on women C.对男人和女人的影响一样小D. is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women D.对女性来说，更多的是一个障碍而不是一个好处【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，寻找精准定位，定位到最后一段第一句“结果显示，有魅力的男性完全击败（utterly defeated）了没有魅力的男性，但被评为最有魅力的女性得到的选票总是最少的（the fewest votes）”，第二步，综合理解，从这句可知魅力对男性有积极影响，对女性有消极影响，所以答案选D选项“对女性来说，更多的是一个障碍而不是一个好处”。【干扰项排除】A选项“对男人来说是阻碍”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；B选项“对男人和女人都有同样的影响”见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“对男人和女人的影响一样小”见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。4.【选项释义】4. It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often _.4.从文章中可以推断出，人们对美的看法通常是_。A. practicalA. 实用的B. prejudiced B. 偏见的C. old-fashioned C. 老套的D. radical D. 激进的【考查点】观点态度题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第二句话“然而，有趣的是，相比于漂亮的女人，长相平平的女人一夜之间获得成功更多地归功于人际关系，而不是能力”和第六段第一句“为什么人们认为漂亮的女人没有能力（not be able）?”第二步，概括理解，从这句可知在大众眼里漂亮的女人更可能是个花瓶，她们的成功是靠自己的外貌，但其实事实恰恰相反，所以答案选B选项。【干扰项排除】A选项“实用的”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“老套的”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“激进的”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。5.【选项释义】5. The author writes this passage to _.5. 作者写这篇文章是为了_。A. discuss the negative aspects of being attractive A. 讨论有吸引力的负面因素B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive B. 给有吸引力的求职者建议C. demand equal rights for women C. 要求妇女享有平等权利D. emphasize the importance of appearance D. 强调外观的重要性【考查点】主旨大意题【解题思路】梳理各段核心句第一段：最后一句“但在行政圈子里，美貌可能成为一种负担（liability）。”，这句是转折句，引出下文；第二、三、四段：只有一句话，都是讲在行政圈里，魅力对男性的好处，对女性的坏处；第五段：第一句“所有不漂亮的女性高管都被认为比漂亮的女性高管更正直，更有能力。”，这段讲有魅力的女性所受到的歧视；第六段：第一句，“为什么人们认为漂亮的女人没有能力？”，这段解释了为什么人们会认为漂亮的女人没有能力；第七段：第一句，“即使在政治领域也是如此”，这段讲述了一个关于男女性魅力的实验；第八段：只有一句话，讲述的是实验结果，实验结果进一步印证了魅力对男性的好处，对女性的坏处。综上所述，作者写文章的主要目的是A选项“讨论有吸引力的负面因素”。【干扰项排除】B选项“给有吸引力的求职者建议”，文章没有给出建议，这里属于无中生有；C选项“要求妇女享有平等权利”，文章没有提到平等，这里属于无中生有；D选项“强调外观的重要性”，文章第一段有提到外观的重要，但不是文章的重点，这里属于以偏概全。4. 单选题In the United States, the first day nursery was opened in 1854. Nurseries were established in various areas during the (16) half of the 19th century; most of (17) were charitable. Both in Europe and in the U.S. the day-nursery movement received great (18) during the First World War, when (19) of manpower caused the industrial employment of unprecedented (前所未有的) numbers of women. In some European countries nurseries were established (20) in munitions (军火) plants, under direct government sponsorship. (21) the number of nurseries in the U.S. also rose (22), this rise was accomplished without government aid of any kind. During the years following the First Word War (23), Federal, State, and local government gradually began to exercise a measure of control (24) the day nurseries, chiefly by (25) them and by inspecting and regulating the conditions within the nurseries.The (26) of the Second World War was quickly followed by an increase in the number of day nurseries in almost all countries, as women were (27) called upon to replace men in the factories. On this (28) the U.S. government immediately came to the support of the nursery schools, (29) $6,000,000 in July, 1942, for a nursery-school program for the children of working mothers. Many States and local communities (30) this Federal aid. By the end of the war, in August, 1945, more than 100,000 children were being cared (31) in day-care centers receiving Federal (32). Soon afterward, the Federal government (33) cut down its expenditures for this purpose and later (34) them, causing a sharp drop in the number of nursery schools in operation. However, the expectation that most employed mothers would leave their (35) at the end of the war only partly fulfilled.问题1选项A.latterB.laterC.otherD.first问题2选项A.thoseB.themC.whoseD.whom问题3选项A.impetusB.inputC.imitationD.initiative问题4选项A.sourcesB.abundanceC.shortageD.reduction问题5选项A.hardlyB.entirelyC.onlyD.even问题6选项A.BecauseB.AsC.SinceD.Although问题7选项A.unanimouslyB.sharplyC.predominantlyD.militantly问题8选项A.thereforeB.consequentlyC.howeverD.moreover问题9选项A.overB.inC.atD.about问题10选项A.formulatingB.labelingC.patentingD.licensing问题11选项A.outsetB.outbreakC.breakthroughD.breakdown问题12选项A.againB.thusC.repeatedlyD.yet问题13选项A.circumstanceB.occasionC.allocatingD.transferring问题14选项A.regulatingB.summoningC.allocatingD.transferring问题15选项A.expandedB.facilitatedC.supplementedD.compensated问题16选项A.byB.afterC.ofD.for问题17选项A.pensionsB.subsidiesC.revenuesD.budgets问题18选项A.prevalentlyB.furiouslyC.statisticallyD.drastically问题19选项A.abolishedB.diminishedC.jeopardizedD.precluded问题20选项A.nurseriesB.homesC.jobsD.children【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:D第7题:B第8题:C第9题:A第10题:A第11题:B第12题:A第13题:B第14题:C第15题:C第16题:D第17题:B第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】16.【选项释义】A. latter 后者的 B. later 更迟的，更后的C. other 其他的 D. first 第一个的【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】上文说“美国第一家日托所建于1854年”，也就是19世纪中期，下文提到“日托所在各地普遍建立是在19世纪的_”，可以推知，是在“19世纪后期”；表示“后半期”，half只能与latter搭配。A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C选项不能与half搭配；D选项不符合上下文语义衔接。【句意】19世纪后半叶，各地都建立了托儿所。17.【选项释义】A. those 这些 B. them 他们（宾格）C. whose 谁的（主格） D. whom 谁的（宾格）【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】most of后面要用人称代词，指代上文提到的Nurseries（托儿所），所以B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项是指示代词；C、D选项是关系代词。【句意】大多数都是慈善性质的。18.【选项释义】A. impetus 动力，促进 B. input 输入C. imitation 模仿，仿造 D. initiative 主动权，首创精神【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】根据该句意思“在欧洲和美国，日托所的运动在第一次世界大战期间获得了巨大的_”，结合上文提到“各地都建立了托儿所”，可推测空格处为“促进”，A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语义逻辑。【句意】第一次世界大战对建立日托所的运动是个促进。19.【选项释义】A. sources 来源 B. abundance 充裕，丰富C. shortage 短缺 D. reduction减少，下降【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】由cause可知，后面部分的内容是空格部分的结果，根据后面的句意“空前数量的妇女就业”可知，当时的manpower（劳动力）是处于“短缺”的状态，C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合句子语义逻辑。【句意】第一次世界大战对建立日托所的运动是个促进，当时劳动力短缺使得大量妇女就业。20.【选项释义】A. hardly 几乎不 B. entirely 完全地，彻底地C. only 只有 D. even 甚至【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】这一句说到“在军火工厂里建立了托儿所”，而上一句是说“第一次世界大战对建立日托所的运动是个促进”，可知前后是递进关系，所以D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合句间逻辑。【句意】在一些欧洲国家的政府直接倡导下，甚至在军火工厂里也建了日托所。21.【选项释义】A. Because 因为 B. As 作为，因为C. Since 自从，因为 D. Although 尽管【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】前半部分说“美国的托儿所数量也增加了”，后半部分说“这种增长是在没有任何政府援助的情况下实现的”，从前后语义逻辑可知，这是一个让步状语从句，D项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合句间逻辑。【句意】虽然美国的托儿所数量也大幅增加，但这一增长是在没有任何政府援助的情况下实现的。22.【选项释义】A. unanimously 全体一致地 B. sharply 急剧地C. predominantly 主要地 D. militantly 好战地【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】空格处填入副词修饰rose，rose表示“增长”，只有sharply能够修饰rose，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项修饰rose与语义逻辑不符。【句意】虽然美国的托儿所数量也大幅增加，但这一增长是在没有任何政府援助的情况下实现的。23.【选项释义】A. therefore 因此 B. consequently 结果，所以C. however 然而 D. moreover 而且【考查点】句间逻辑。【解题思路】这一句提到“开始实施某种控制措施”，与前面的托儿所数量增长语气上有所转折，所以C项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合句间逻辑。【句意】然而，在第一次世界大战之后的几年里，联邦、州和地方政府逐渐开始实施某种程度的控制。24.【选项释义】A. over 翻转，关于 B. in 在里面C. at 在 D. about 关于【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】the day nurseries（日托所）是control的对象，而control通常与over搭配，表示“对的控制”，故A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合搭配。【句意】然而，在第一次世界大战之后的几年里，联邦、州和地方政府逐渐开始对日托所实施控制措施。25.【选项释义】A. formulating 系统地阐述，规范 B. labeling 贴标签于，把称为C. patenting 取得专利权 D. licensing 许可，批准【考查点】语义逻辑。【解题思路】空格处与后面的inspecting and regulating（检查和管理）为并列成分，所以空格处的语义与inspect和regulate接近，选项中只有A项符合。【扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合语义逻辑。【句意】然而在第一次世界大战之后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施，主要通过规范化来管理控制托儿所。26.【选项释义】A. outset 开始，开端 B. outbreak（暴力、疾病等坏事的）爆发，突然发生C. breakthrough 重大进展，突破 D. breakdown 故障，崩溃【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】由后面的the Second World War（第二次世界大战），以及后面an increase in the number of day nurseries（日托所数量的增加），联系上一段提到一战促使日托所数量增加，可推测，空格处表示“战争爆发”，B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合上下文联系。【句意】第二次世界大战爆发后，几乎所有国家的日间托儿所数量都迅速增加。27.【选项释义】A. again 又，再一次 B. thus 所以C. repeatedly 反复地，再三地 D. yet 还是【考查点】关联上下文。【解题思路】由women可知，此处与上一段第一次世界大战的情况相呼应，所以女性是“又一次”进入工厂，所以A项正确。【干扰项排除】B、D选项不符合上下文联系；C选项侧指“反反复复的重复某件事情”，不符合上下文语义。【句意】随着第二次世界大战爆发，几乎各国托儿所的数量都增加很快，妇女又一次被号召在工厂中代替男人。28.【选项释义】A. circumstance 经济状况，环境 B. occasion 时机，场合C. allocating 分配 D. transferring 转移【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】空格处是接在介词on后面，四个选项中只有occasion可以与介词on搭配，on this occasion表示“值此之际，这一次”，因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项一般与under连用；C、D选项不符合搭配。【句意】这一次，美国政府立即出面支持保育员学校。29.【选项释义】A. regulating（用规则条例）约束，控制调节，控制（速度、压力、温度等） B. summoning 召唤，召集C. allocating 分配，拨出 D. transferring 转移【考查点】搭配。【解题思路】空格处后面跟的是$6,000,000，这表示