2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解13

2022年考博英语-四川大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The parents were worried about Dorothy because no one was aware （ ） she had gone.问题1选项A.where thatB.of whereC.whereD.the place【答案】B【解析】be aware of.句意：父母很担心Dorothy, 因为没有人知道她去了哪里。选项B正确。2. 单选题This （ ） girl is Marys cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little SwedishB.Swedish little prettyC.Swedish pretty littleD.little pretty Swedish【答案】A【解析】考查多个形容词修饰名词时的词序。通常顺序是:限定词表示说话人评价的形容词表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词表示颜色的形容词表示国别、来源、材料的形容词表示用途或目的的形容词或分词, 名词等类别词名词中心词。根据规则, 选项A正确。3. 单选题_ we are having these days!问题1选项A.What a lovely weatherB.What lovely weathersC.What lovely weatherD.What lovely a weather【答案】C【解析】考查what感叹句结构。What的用法有：What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语，What +形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+主语+谓语， weather 为不可数名词，所以选项C用法正确，其余均表述有误。4. 单选题The captured criminals were （ ） in chain through the streets.问题1选项A.exhibitedB.displayedC.paradedD.revealed【答案】C【解析】exhibited展出, 表现出；displayed展示, 陈列；paraded游行, 阅兵；revealed透漏。句意：被捕的犯人带着锁链在街上游行。5. 单选题Due to personality_ , the two colleagues never got on well in work.问题1选项A.contradictionB.conflictC.confrontationD.competition【答案】B【解析】名词辨析。contradiction矛盾，否认，反驳；conflict冲突, 矛盾，斗争，争执；confrontation对抗，面对，对质；competition竞争，比赛。Contradiction表示的是一种事物之间矛盾的状态，一般指抽象的矛盾，比如观点上的矛盾；conflict语气更强烈，一般指人之间或者军事上的冲突，是一种战争状态。根据句意：由于性格冲突, 这两个同事在工作中一直不和。选项B更符合句意。6. 单选题We are not on very good （ ） with the people next door.问题1选项A.friendshipB.relationsC.willD.terms【答案】D【解析】ongood/badtermswith为固定词组, 意思是“和.关系很好/不和”。句意：我们和邻居的关系不是很好。7. 翻译题In Germany, in contrast with France, friendship is much more clearly a matter of feeling, Adolescents, boys and girls, from deeply sentimental attachments, walk and talk together-not so much to polish their wits as to share their hopes and fears and dreams to form a common front against the world of school and family and to join in a kind of mutual discovery of each others and their own inner life. Within the family, the closest relationship over a lifetime is between brothers and sisters. Outside the family, men and women find in their closest friends of the same sex the devotion of a sister, the loyalty of a brother. Appropriately, in Germany friends usually are brought into the family. Children call their fathers and their mothers friends “uncle” and “aunt”. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for the similarity of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of argument are the breath of life. But for Germans, whose friendships are based on common feelings, deep disagreement on any subject that matters to both is regarded as a tragedy. Like ties of kinship, ties of friendship are meant to be absolutely binding. Young Germans who come to the United States have great difficulty in establishing such friendship with Americans. We view friendship more tentatively, subject to changes in intensity as people move, change their jobs, marry, or discover new interests.【答案】与法国不同, 在德国, 友谊更注重感觉。青少年, 男孩和女骇之间, 他们有着很深的情感依赖, 总是很亲密地走在一起, 与其说是为了彰显各自的聪明才智, 不如说是为了分享他们的希望、恐惧和梦想, 以此来形成一条对抗学校和家庭生活的统一阵线；来取得来自他们各自和自己内心世界的一些姑且叫共识的东西。在家庭里, 长至一生且最密切的是兄弟姐妹之间的关系；在家庭外, 人们在同性间最亲密的朋友身上发现如姐妹般的奉献, 如兄弟般的忠诚。在德国, 朋友经常被带进家庭, 孩子们叫他们父母的朋友“叔叔”和“阿姨”。在法国, 人们会挑选有着相同见解和观念的人作为朋友, 朋友之间会为了生活的空间和态度的分歧激烈的争执。但对于友谊建立在双方共同的感觉的德国人来说, 如果在双方都认为重要的问题上产生了尖锐的分歧, 那就是极大的不幸。就像亲属关系一样, 友谊的纽带是绝对有约束力的。来到美国的年轻德国人很难与美国人建立这样的友谊。我们对友谊的看法更具试探性, 随着人们搬家、换工作、结婚或发现新的兴趣爱好, 友谊的强度会发生变化。8. 单选题To a highly imaginative writer, （ ） is a pad of paper and a pen.问题1选项A.all are requiredB.all which is requiredC.all is requiredD.all that is required【答案】D【解析】句意：对于一个富有想象力的作家来说, 他需要的只是一张纸和一支笔。首先排除选项A和C, 句子中不能同时出现两个谓语动词。that在这里引导同位语从句。9. 单选题“Youth”and “culture” have been a rather more familiar pairing within sociology than“old age”and “culture”. Young peoples spending on clothes, stereo equipment and cosmetics meant that the teenager became a vitally important consumer of leisure goods and services. These features of young peoples experiences, along with their increasing proportion within the total population, inevitably caught the attention of several influential sociologists who went on to describe and analyze the phenomenon of “youth culture”. In recent decades, the situation has changed somewhat. With the aging of the population, it is older people who represent an incasing proportion within the total population, some of whom enjoy relative affluence with high levels of disposable income. Consequently, it is older people, rather than young people, who are increasingly regarded as important consumers of leisure goods and services. Several sociologists have begun to analyze the cultural implications of population aging. Andrew Blaikie in his book first addressed the phenomenon of “gray culture” at length.Blaikie focuses in particular on the change in styles of growing old embodied in notion of the third Age. This is the stage of the life course after retirement from paid work, where activity, leisure and pleasure are enjoyed before the onset of old age proper brings social dependency, physical infirmities and death. Blailies book is not about how individuals with an accumulation of chronological years actually experience later life, but is instead an examination of the changing discourses of growing old as these are expressed in popular culture.Blailies analysis is sensitive to issues raised by the reconstruction of old age as a leisure and pleasure filled life course stage, including its meaningfulness to those without the financial or other resources necessary to enjoy it. Importantly, he also discusses what the cultural reconstruction of the post-retirement phase of life course means for our understandings and representations of deep old ageand biological inevitability of death.For a book so concerned with the analyses of visual representations of later life, there are few actual illustrations. This must be regarded as a weakness. More often than not, the reader is wholly reliant on Blaikies own description of visual sources and his interpretation of how these represent later life. The reproduction of a greater number of cartoons or photographs would have greatly improved the persuasiveness of his analysis. Nevertheless, this is a timely book which makes an important contribution to the literature on the cultural reconstruction of later life.1.According to the first sentence of the article, you can conclude that （ ）.2.What are the main contents of Blaikies book?3.What caused the appearance of the gray culture phenomenon?4.Which of the following statements about the Third Age in paragraph 2 is true?5.The significance of the cultural reconstruction of old age mainly lies in （ ） .问题1选项A.youth are more familiar with sociology than elderlyB.the elderly are more familiar with sociology than youthC.there are more researches on behaviors and life styles of youth than those of the elderly within sociologyD.there are more researches on behaviors and life styles of the elderly than youth within sociology问题2选项A.The problems raised by the aging of population.B.The change in styles of growing old.C.The consuming tendency of the older people.D.The analysis of visual description of later life.问题3选项A.An increasing proportion of older people within the total population.B.Older people are regarded as important consumers of leisure goods and services.C.Some sociologists have begun to study the cultural implications of an aging population.D.All of the above问题4选项A.The elderly cant work in this stage.B.The elderlys lives are full of pleasure during the whole stage.C.For the elderly, depending on society and death are inevitably finally.D.The elderly are afraid of death very much.问题5选项A.helping old people in financial difficulties to enjoy their livesB.helping the elderly to communicate with youth easilyC.helping the elderly to improve their life standardsD.helping us to understand the elders and death【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.第一段第一句的原意是：在社会学中, “青年”和“文化”是比“老年”和“文化”更为熟悉的一对。下文给出了原因, 由于年轻人的特性和所占人口比重大, 吸引了社会学家对“青年文化”现象进行了描述和分析。所以选项C符合原文。2.根据关键词“Blaikies book”定位到第一段的最后一句“Andrew Blaikie in his book first addressed the phenomenon of“gray culture”at length.”而这种“灰色文化”现象即下文提到的“Blaikie focuses in particular on the change in styles of growing old embodied in notion of the third Age.”所以, 选项B符合原文。3.根据第一段后半部分内容“In recent decades, the situation has changed.the cultural implications of population aging.”选项A,B,C都是“灰色文化”出现的原因, 所以选项D正确。4.根据第二段的第二句“This is the stage.brings social dependency, physical infirmities and death.”这是退休之后的人生阶段, 这个阶段的人们在老年产生社会依赖, 感到身体不适, 甚至可能死亡之前, 就可以享受到活动、休闲和娱乐。选项B符合原文。5.根据第三段的最后一句“.means for our understandings and representations of deep old ageand biological inevitability of death.”意味着我们对“老年人”的理解和表达以及生物死亡的必然性。选项D符合原文。10. 单选题A drunk man walked in, _ in appearance.问题1选项A.repulsiveB.reluctantC.reproachfulD.reputed【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析。repulsive排斥的，令人厌恶的； reluctant不情愿的，勉强的；reproachful责备的；reputed名誉好的。句意：一个醉汉走进来了, 他看起来让人厌恶。11. 单选题In Scotland, as in the rest of the United Kingdom, （ ） schooling begins at age 5 and ends at age 16.问题1选项A.compellingB.forcedC.obligedD.compulsory【答案】D【解析】compulsory schooling指义务教育, 为习惯用法。compelling引人注目的；forced强迫的；obliged感激的, 有责任的；compulsory义务的, 必修的。句意：和在英国其他地方一样, 苏格兰的义务教育从5岁开始, 到16岁结束。选项D正确。12. 单选题Many people take for granted that all art should be beautiful. We may as well face the question squarely since it is basic to our whole attitude toward art. Why are there so many “ugly” works of art? There are several possible answers. We might reply that “beauty is in the eye of the beholder”. In other words, beauty subjective, and your personal taste leads you to reject things that might be beautiful to others. Both “beautiful” and “ugly” imply aesthetic value judgments.This possibility depends on the assumption that the artists proper aim is the creation of beauty. But there is another possibility. Perhaps the works are successes by artists who were sincerely aiming at something other than conventional, physical beauty. Would an artist intentionally make something ugly? And what, actually,do we mean by the words “ugly” and “beautiful”?Over the centuries numerous writers have grappled with the concept of beauty and tried to understand it. One of the most entertaining was the 18th-century British statesman Edmund Burke, who wrote an essay called “The Sublime and the Beautiful”. In the essay Burke defined beauty as a positive and striking quality that produces pleasure by being small, smooth, gradually or gently varied, delicate, softly and variable colored. It is submissive and may arouse love. Beauty is not related to proportion, said Burke, not to functional fitness, nor even to perfection. All these things are found apart from beauty.The sublime, by contrast, is vast even to infinity, difficult, magnificent, dark and rugged. According to Burke, it will “fill the mind with that sort of delightful horror, which is the most genuine effect and earliest test of the sublime”. A thing may be ugly and yet sublime if it is “united with such qualities as excite a strong terror”. Burke made it clear that greatness lies on the side of sublime, not of the beautiful.This is quite a useful idea. Lets keep it in mind while we look at Ivan Albrights painting Ida. Albrights work is not smooth, delicate, or soft, and it is not likely to arouse love. For most people, though, it would evoke delightful horror. What is the artist aiming at? A common reaction is to say that the artist is showing us a person who is physically and mentallyeven spiritually-exhausted. According to this interpretation, Albright teaches us about spiritual decay. Every bulge, every wrinkle, every wart stands for a nasty blow that.1.We can see from the first two paragraphs that( ).2.Which of the following statements might Burke have agree with?3.Which of the following can be said of Albrights painting?4.It can be inferred from the passage that ( ) .5.The author wrote this article to ( ) .问题1选项A.beauty and ugliness are two concepts embodied in different formsB.neither beauty nor ugliness can be definitely definedC.beauty and ugliness are opposite artistic expressionsD.beauty is subjective while ugliness is objective问题2选项A.The sublime might not be beautiful but the beautiful must be the sublime.B.Delightful horror derives from the sublime.C.The beautiful is of a positive quality while the sublime is of a negative one.D.The ugly may not necessarily be the sublime.问题3选项A.It destroys peoples hopes in life.B.It is in most viewers eyes, a beautiful piece of art.C.It presents something sublime in Burkes view.D.It defines any interpretation.问题4选项A.the author is a strong supporter of Burkes aesthetic theoryB.the author is worried about the so many ugly works of art produced todayC.Albrights painting has aroused controversyD.beauty doesnt lie in works of art themselves问题5选项A.differentiate the beautiful and the uglyB.describe to us Albrights painting.C.introduce to us Burkes aesthetic theoryD.teach us the right way to evaluate works of art【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.根据一二段的内容可知, 作者认为美是主观的, “美”与“丑”都蕴涵着审美价值判断。这可能取决于艺术家旨在创造美或者追求的不是传统的外在美。所以可以推断, 美和丑没有绝对的定义, 选项B正确。2.根据关键词Burke定位到第三段和第四段, Burke认为美丽是积极的, 而崇高是广阔的甚至是黑暗的。崇高可以使人充满愉悦的恐惧感, 所以选项B正确。美丽是积极的, 但不代表崇高就是消极的, 因为伟大在于崇高, 而非美丽。所以选项C错误；3.根据关键词Albright定位到最后一段, “Albrights work is not smooth, delicate, or soft, and it is not likely to arouse love. For most people, though, it would evoke delightful horror. ”奥尔布赖特的作品既不流畅, 也不细腻, 也不柔软, 不太可能引起爱。然而, 对大多数人来说, 它会引起愉快的恐惧。上文提到的令人产生愉快的恐惧的指的是崇高, 所以选项C正确。4.根据原文, 作者首先提出“美”与“丑”都蕴涵着审美价值判断, 然后用Burke的言论和Albright的画讲述了崇高和美丽之间的关系, 说明作者认为美不在于艺术品本身, 而在于艺术家想要表达或传递的情感。所以选项D正确。5.作者写这篇文章的目的在于教我们正确评价艺术作品的方法。选项D符合原文。13. 单选题（ ） , explorers could never have found the cave.问题1选项A.But for the fissure had been spottedB.If not the fissure had been spottedC.Had the fissure not been spottedD.Had not the fissure been spotted【答案】D【解析】本句为省略了引导词if的条件句, 所以需要倒装。在这种情况下, 如果从句是否定形式且从句主语是名词, 那么否定词not放在名词前面；而如果从句主语是代词, 则把not放在代词后面, 如“haditnotbeen.”。所以选项D正确。14. 翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief.It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking,human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort,the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry trifling things at the weekend.【答案】一个人，为了活的真正开心和踏实，至少要培养两到三项兴趣。而且必须是真正的兴趣。到了晚年才说:“我对这感兴趣，对那也感兴趣”，已经没有什么必要了。这种愿望只能加剧精神紧张。一个人也许在其非工作领域也同样是学富五车，但是，也很难从中得到什么益处或慰藉。做你喜欢的事一般没有什么用;要学会热爱自己的职业。泛泛讲来，人可以划分为三类:劳累至死的人;忧虑至死的人;厌烦至死的人。让一个体力劳动者在周末下午踢足球或打棒球来放松是毫无意义的，因为一周的辛劳已经令他们精疲力竭了。让那些为大事持续操劳或费心了六天的政界人士、专业人员或商界人士，在周日，继续为鸡毛蒜皮的小事劳神，这也同样也是于事无补的。15. 单选题All draughts must be （ ） from the room.问题1选项A.ejectedB.expelledC.excludedD.exiled【答案】C【解析】ejected喷射, 驱逐；expelled开除, 驱逐；excluded排除, 驱逐；exiled放逐。句意：这间屋子不可有风透进来。16. 单选题We know very little about pain and what we dont know makes it hut all the more. Indeed, no form of illiteracy in the United States is so widespread or costly as ignorance about pain what it is, what causes it, how to deal with it without panic. Almost everyone can rattle off names of at least a dozen drugs that can deaden pain from every conceivable cause all the way from headaches to hemorrhoids.There is far less knowledge about the fact that about 90 percent of pain is self-limiting, that it is not always an indication of poor health, and that, most frequently, it is the result of tension, stress, worry, idleness, boredom, frustration, suppressed rage, insufficient sleep, overeating, poorly balanced diet, smoking, excessive drinking, inadequate exercise, stale air, or any of the other abuses encountered by the human body in modern society.The most ignored fact of all about pain is that the best way to eliminate it is to eliminate the abuse. Instead, many people reach almost instinctively for the painkillers aspirins, barbiturates, codeines, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and dozens of other analgesics or desensitizing drugs.Most doctors are profoundly troubled over the extent to which the medical profession today is taking on the trappings of a pain-killing industry. Their offices are overloaded with people who are morbidly but mistakenly convinced that something dreadful is about to happen to them. It is all too evident that the campaign to get people to run for a doctor at the first sign of pain has boomeranged. Physicians find it difficult to give adequate attention to patients genuinely in need of expert diagnosis and treatment because their time is soaked up by people who have nothing wrong with them except a temporary indisposition or a psychogenic ache.Patients tend to feel indignant, and insulted if the physician tells them he can find no organic cause for the pain. They tend to interpret the term “psychogenic” to mean that they are complaining of nonexistent symptoms. They need to be educated about the fact that many cases of pain have no underlying physical cause but are the result, as mentioned earlier, of tension, stress, or hostile factors in the general environment. Sometimes a pain may be a manifestation of “conversion hysteria”, the name given by Jean Charcot to physical symptoms that have their origins in emotional disturbances.Obviously, it is folly for an individual to ignore symptoms that could be a warning of a potentially serious illness. Some people are so terrified of getting bad news from a doctor that they allow their malaise to worsen, sometimes past the point of no return. Total neglect is not the answer to hypochondria. They only answer has to be increased education about the way the human body works, so that more people will be able to steer an intelligent course between promiscuous pill popping and irresponsible disregard of genuine symptoms.Of all forms of pain, none is more important for the individual to understand than the “threshold” variety. Almost everyone has a telltale ache that is triggered whenever tension or fatigue reaches a certain point, it can take the form of a migraine type headache or a squeezing pain deep in the abdomen or cramps or even pain in the joints. The individual who has learned how to make the correlation between such threshold pains and their cause doesnt panic when they occur, he or she does something about relieving the stress and tension.If the pain persists despite the absence of apparent symptoms, the individual will telephone the doctor.1.What