2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解6

2022年考博英语-郑州大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my expectation seemed not to（ ）.问题1选项A.get downB.get acrossC.get alongD.get up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。get down “吞下，使沮丧”; get across “通过；使被理解”； get along “与和睦相处”；get up “起床”。根据though这个词可知前后有一个转折关系，前半句提到“我尽可能的将问题解释清楚”，所以后半句的意思与之形成对比，因此选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The walkers in front crossed the ledge easily, seemingly（ ）of the fact that there was a 3000-foot drop on either side.问题1选项A.pretentiousB.remindfulC.attentiveD.oblivious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。pretentious “炫耀的，做作的”; remindful “提醒的，留意的”；attentive “注意的，体贴的”； oblivious “遗忘的；不注意的”。前半句的句意是：前面的人轻松地跨过了岩架，与后文“岩架两侧深达3000英尺”形成对比，可推测空格处是要表达“好像没有注意到”，选项D符合题意。3. 不定项选择题If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; neck-lines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.1. Designers and big stores always make money（ ）.2. To the writer, the fact that women change their old-fashioned dresses is seen as（ ）.3. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the（ ） of clothing.4. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?5. By saying “the conclusions to be drawn are obvious”（Para. 4, Line 1-2）, the writer means that（ ）.问题1选项A.by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB.by constantly changing the fashions in womens clothingC.because they are capable of predicting new fashionsD.because they attach great importance to quality in womens clothing问题2选项A.a waste of moneyB.an expression of creativityC.an expression of tasteD.a waste of time问题3选项A.costB.appearanceC.comfortD.suitability问题4选项A.New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.B.The constant changes in womens clothing reflect their strength of character.C.The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.D.Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.问题5选项A.womens inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed atB.men are more reasonable in the matter of fashionC.men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD.women are better able to put up with discomfort【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。根据第一段第二句Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores（因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用）以及第二段第一句Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn（时尚的变化只不过是故意制造浪费。许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服）可以判断出B选项“通过不断改变妇女服装的时尚”正确；A选项“通过残酷剥削服装业的女工”和C选项“因为他们能预测新时尚”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第二句Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability（时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素）可以得知D选项“因为他们非常重视妇女服装的质量”错误；因此B选项符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。根据原文第二段第三句Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have（那些不能以这种方式扔掉衣服的女人，会浪费她们的时间来修改她们已有的衣服），可知D选项“浪费时间”正确；根据第二段第二句Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn（许多妇女每年花大量的钱来更换几乎没穿过的衣服）可以得知A选项“浪费钱”错误，题目问的是作者对于女性改变她们老式服装这件事的态度；B选项“一种创造力的表达”以及C选项“一种品味的表达”在文中都没有提到；因此D选项符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。根据第三段Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right.（时装设计师很少关注保暖、舒适和耐用等重要因素。他们只对外表感兴趣，并利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实）可以判断出C选项“舒适”正确以及B选项“外貌，外观；出现，露面”错误；根据原文第一段If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores.（如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削，那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用）可知作者认为时尚界是在利用女性，并且认为时尚圈没有对社会做出真正的贡献，因此A选项“费用，代价，成本”并不是作者所考虑的内容；D选项“适合；适当”在文章中未提及；因此C选项符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。根据原文第一段第一二句If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores（如果女人们年复一年地被无情地剥削，那只能怪她们自己。因为她们一想到穿着过时的衣服出现在公众面前就会颤抖，她们总是被设计师和大商店利用），可知A选项“时装的新款式是为对女性的商业剥削而创造的”正确；B选项“女人服装的不断变化反映了她们性格的力量”和D选项“时尚设计不应该被鼓励，因为它们只受女性欢迎”未在原文中提起；根据第三段第一句No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society（没有人能说时尚产业对社会做出了真正重要的贡献）可以得知C选项“时尚产业对社会做出了重要的贡献”错误；因此A选项符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到最后一段第一句When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious.（当把男人和女人在时尚方面进行比较时，得出的结论是显而易见的）以及第三句Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers.（男人很聪明，不会让时装设计师欺骗自己）可以判断出B选项“男人在时尚问题上更讲道理”正确；根据原文倒数第二段最后一句There can hardly be a man who hasnt at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes（几乎每个男人在他的一生中，看到一个女人在冬天穿着单薄的衣服瑟瑟发抖，或者穿着高跟鞋在厚厚的雪地里小心翼翼地行走时，都会微笑）可知A选项“女人在衣着选择上的反复无常经常被嘲笑”错误，和原文表达的含义不符合；C选项“男人们也被时装设计师极大地利用了”在文章中未提及；根据文章倒数第二段they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right（他们利用女人只要看起来漂亮就会忍受种种不适这一事实）可知文章只是说利用这件事，并不是说女人更能忍受不适，也不是题目所问的结论指代的内容，D选项“女人更能忍受不适”错误；因此B选项符合题意。4. 单选题While many technological advances occur in an evolutionary manner, occasionally a revolutionary technological appears on the horizon that creates startling new conditions and profound changes. Such is the case with the privately developed Moller Skycar which is named after its inventor. The ruggedized （加固的）Moller Skycar variant the military is evaluating is called the light aerial multipurpose vehicle, or LAMV.The LAMV is a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can fly in quick, quiet, and agile manner. It is a new type of vehicle that combines the speed of an airplane and the vertical take-off capability of a helicopter with some characteristics of a ground vehicle, but without the limitations of any of those existing modes of transportation. The LAMV is not operated like traditional fixed or rotary-wing -aircraft. It has only two hands, which the operator uses to direct the redundant computer control system to carry out desired flight maneuvers. The left-hand control twists to select the desired operating altitude and moves fore and aft to select the rate of climb. The right-hand control twists to select the vehicles direction and moves side-to-side to provide transverse （横向的）movement during the hover and early-transition-to-flight phases of operation; it also moves fore and aft to control speed and braking. Simply put, the LAMV is user friendly.The LAMV design incorporates a number of safety features. For starters, the LAMV has multiple engines. Unlike any light helicopter or airplane, the LAMV has multiple engine nacelles （机舱），each with two computer-controlled Rotapower engines. These engines operate independently and allow for a vertical controlled landing should either fail.The LAMV is aerodynamically stable. In the unlikely event that sufficient power is not available to land vertically, the LAMVs stability and good glide slope allow the operator to maneuver to a safe area before using the air-frame parachutes（降落伞）.Since computers control the LAMVs flight during hover and transition, the only operator input is to control speed and direction. Undesirable movements caused by wind gusts are prevented automatically.The LAMVs potential military uses will be numerous. They include aerial medical evacuation, aerial reconnaissance （侦查），command and control, search and rescue, insertion of special operations forces, air assault operations, airborne operations, forcible-entry operations, military police mobility and maneuver support, communications retransmission, battlefield distribution for unit resupply, transport of individual and crew replacements, weapons platform, noncombatant evacuation operations, battlefield contractor transport, and battle damage assessment.Of course, the LAMV brings with it some obvious challenges. Its limited payload will be a negative factor. Its use will complicate Army airspace command and control. How the LAMV will be used in conjunction with forces under the joint force air component commander will have to be determined. LAMV support issues also require resolution. For example, operator selection and training, leader training, employment doctrine, LAMV basis-of-issue plans, and LAMV life-cycle management all require the Armys attention.1. According to the passage, LAMV（ ）.2. What should the operator of LAMV do when power for vertical landing is insufficient?3. Light helicopter or airplane may（ ）.4. Which of the following can be a possible disadvantage of LAMV?问题1选项A.can take off upright and fly fastB.is developed by an academyC.cant fly as fast as an airplaneD.is applied in civil transportation问题2选项A.He should ask the monitoring center for help via computerB.He can effectively control the aircraft with some simple inputC.He must leave the aircraft immediately with the help of parachutesD.He just waits LAMV to regain enough power for landing问题3选项A.have two hands to control its speed and directionB.have no computer-controlled Rota power enmesh in its systemC.have less engine nacelles than LAMV and therefore less securityD.lack flexible computer control in its taking off and landing问题4选项A.Few people would support the application of LAMVB.LAMV can only carry a small crew or little cargoC.Not all forces are willing to be commanded jointlyD.Army airspace command and control would be in disorder【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章所述，LAMV”。文章第二段第一句话提到LAWV是一种垂直起降飞机，能够以快速、安静和敏捷的方式飞行（The LAMV is a vertical take-off and landing aircraft that can fly in quick, quiet, and agile manner），由此可知选项A“能垂直起飞，且飞行速度快”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“当垂直降落的动力不足时，LAMV的驾驶员应该怎么办？”文章第四段提到“在不太可能的情况下，没有足够的力量垂直降落，LAMV的稳定性和良好的下滑坡度允许驾驶员在使用机体降落伞之前操纵飞机飞到一个安全区域”（In the unlikely event that sufficient power is not available to land vertically, the LAMVs stability and good glide slope allow the operator to maneuver to a safe area before using the air-frame parachutes），因此选项B“通过一些简单的操作有效控制飞机”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“轻型直升机或飞机可能”。文章第三段第三句话提到 “不同于任何轻型直升机或飞机，LAMV有多个发动机舱，每个机舱都有两个由计算机控制的Rotapower型发动机”（Unlike any light helicopter or airplane, the LAMV has multiple engine nacelles ,each with two computer-controlled Rotapower engines），由此可推测出轻型直升机或飞机没有LAMV那么多的机舱，选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项是LAMV的劣势？”文章最后一段提到了LAMV不利的一面。LAMV的支持问题也需要解决，例如，驾驶员的选择与训练（LAMV support issues also require resolution. For example, operator selection and training），因此选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to（ ）funds from armaments to health and education.问题1选项A.divertB.changeC.convertD.derive【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。divert “转移”； change “改变”；convert “使转变”； derive “源于”。根据空格处后面的“fromto”可知是将资金从一个地方转到另一个地方，因此选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The board of Directors decided that more young men who were qualified would be（ ）important positions.问题1选项A.inserted intoB.furnished withC.installed inD.attributed to【答案】C【解析】考查短语搭配。insert into “插入，写入”； furnished with “提供”； installed in “把安装于”；attribute to “归因于”。根据young man 与 important positions可知是将“合格的年轻人放到重要的位置”，选项C符合题意。7. 单选题The storm sweeping over this part of the country is sure to cause（ ）of vegetables in the coming days.问题1选项A.rarityB.preliminaryC.inefficiencyD.invalidity【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。rarity “罕见，珍贵”； preliminary “初步行动；准备工作”；inefficiency “效率低；无效率”； invalidity “无效，无价值。”“被暴风雨袭击”与“蔬菜”之间的关系是前者会造成后者短缺，因此选项A符合题意。8. 单选题It is believed that the way to （ ） Europes R&D innovation lies in a collaborative approach, featuring both public and private parties.问题1选项A.overrideB.avertC.reinvigorateD.own up to【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项override“推翻；不顾；践踏”；B选项avert“避免，防止；转移”；C选项reinvigorate“使再振作，使复兴”；D选项own up to“承认；承认错误，坦白”。句意：人们认为，重振欧洲研发创新的途径在于公私双方共同参与的合作方式。本句表示“使欧洲研发创新重振的途径”，因此C选项正确。9. 单选题The boredom and deep contempt for his work must result from the workers relationship to his work which is completely（ ）of humanity.问题1选项A.devoidB.desolateC.destituteD.derelict【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。devoid “缺乏的”； desolate “荒凉的”; destitute “贫困的”； derelict “荒废的”。前面提到“他对工作的无聊和深深的蔑视源于工作关系”，由此可知“缺乏人性的工作关系”符合语境，因此选项A符合题意。10. 单选题I didnt say anything like that at all. You are purposely（ ）my ideas to prove your point.问题1选项A.revisingB.distortingC.distractingD.contradicting【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revise “修订”； distort “扭曲”; distract “转移，分心”；contradict “反驳，否定”。根据I didnt say anything like that at all“我根本没有说过那样的话”可知“为了证明你的观点，将我的想法扭曲了”符合语境，因此选项B符合题意。11. 不定项选择题Every day 25 million U.S. children ride school buses. The safety record for these buses is much better than for passenger cars; but nevertheless, about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones. By and large, however, the nations school children are transported to and from school safe.Even though the number of school bus accidents is not large, the safety of children is always of intense public concern. While everyone wants to see children transported safely, people are divided about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory.People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations - argue that seat belts are necessary not only to reduce fatality and injury, but also to teach children lessons about the importance of using them routinely in any moving vehicle. A side benefit, they point out, is that seat belts help keep children in their seats, away from the bus driver.People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977. They also believe that many children wont wear seat belts anyway, and that may damage the belts or use them as weapons to hurt other children.A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive. For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts. The report sponsored by the Department of transportation at the request of Congress, reviews seat belts extensively while taking a broader look at safety in and around school buses. 1. Each year, children killed outside buses in the loading zones are about （ ）.2. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the words “are divided” in Paragraph 2?3. According to the passage, who has the greatest degree of control of the school buses “safety”?4. It may be inferred from this passage that （ ）.5. The best title which expresses the idea of the passage is （ ）.问题1选项A.10B.40C.30D.50问题2选项A.disagreeB.separateC.arrangeD.concern问题3选项A.A New Research CouncilB.The Department of TransportationC.The Medical OrganizationsD.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration问题4选项A.many of the opponents of seat belt installation are parents and officials of the Department of TransportationB.proposal of seat belts on school buses would be seriously consideredC.an alternate safety device (raising seat backs four inches) may be taken into considerationD.The Department of Transportation may either take the idea of seat belts or other measures when it reviews the whole situation问题5选项A.Making School Buses Even Safer for ChildrenB.Seat Belts Needed on School BusesC.Alternate Safety Devices and ProceduresD.Safety in and around School Buses【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:事实细节题。根据第一段.about 10 children are killed each year riding on large school buses, and nearly four times that number are killed outside buses in the loading zones.（每年约有10名儿童在乘坐大型校车时死亡，而在校车外装载区的死亡人数几乎是这个数字的4倍。），可知B选项“40”正确；A, C, D选项不符合题意。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:语义推测题。根据关键字are divide可以定位到第二段people are divided about what needs to be done - particularly whether seat belts should be compulsory（人们存在分歧尤其是安全带是否应该被强制使用）由安全带是否应该被强制使用人们存在两种意见，则A选项“不同意；不一致；争执”正确；B选项“分开的；单独的；分离，分开；隔开；分手；可搭配穿着的单件衣服；抽印本；独立音响设备；土壤划分”，C选项“安排；排列；整理”以及D选项“担心，忧虑；关爱，关心；关心的事，负责的事；涉及；使担心”错误。因此A选项符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第一句People who object to seat belt installation suggest that children are already well protected by the school buses that follow the Nation Highway Traffic Safety Administrations (NHTSA) safety requirements set in 1977（反对系安全带的人建议说，按照1977年国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)的安全要求，校车已经很好地保护了孩子们）可以判断出D选项“国家公路交通安全管理局”符合题意，最大程度上的校车安全控制在于国家公路交通安全管理局所提出的安全要求；根据倒数第二段第一句A new Research council report on school bus safety suggest that there are alternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and less expensive（一份新的研究委员会关于校车安全的报告建议，有替代的安全装置和程序可能更有效和更便宜）可以得知A选项“一个新的研究委员会”只是提出建议，不符合题目；B选项“运输部”错误，原文并没有提及；根据第三段第一句People in favour of seat belts on school buses - many of them parents and medical organizations（赞成在校车上系安全带的人们其中许多是家长和医疗机构）可以得知C选项“医疗机构”只是赞成在校车上系上安全带，不符合题意；因此D选项正确。第4题:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句For example, the study committee suggested that raising seat backs four inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts（例如，研究委员会建议，把座椅靠背抬高4英寸可能和安全带一样安全）可以得知C选项“可以考虑使用替代安全装置（将座椅靠背抬高4英寸）”符合题意；据第三段第一句People in favour of seat belts