2022-2023年考博英语-郑州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第19期

2022-2023年考博英语-郑州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Duke Ellingtons（ ）orchestration techniques made him perhaps the most remarkable artist that jazz has produced.问题1选项A.melodiousB.lyricalC.intricateD.clever【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项melodious“悦耳的，旋律优美的”；B选项lyrical“抒情诗调的，感情丰富的”；C选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”；D选项clever“聪明的”。句意：艾灵顿公爵优美的管弦乐编曲技巧使他成为爵士乐中最杰出的艺术家。本句表示管弦乐的编曲旋律优美。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题David（ ）his companys success to the unity of all the staff and their persevering hard work.问题1选项A.pledgedB.contributedC.acknowledgedD.attributed【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。pledge “保证；许诺”； contribute “贡献，出力”； acknowledge “承认，答谢”；attribute “归属；把归于”。根据关键词success可知空格处的意思是“将成功归功于”，因此选项D符合题意。3. 单选题Those who have never suffered impairment of sight and hearing seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties. Their eyes and ears take in all sights and sounds（ ）.问题1选项A.lazilyB.indifferentlyC.hazilyD.hastily【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。lazily “懒洋洋地”；indifferently“冷淡地，漠不关心地”; hazily “模糊地， 朦胧地”； hastily“匆忙地，慌忙地”。句意：那些视觉和听觉从未受到损害的人很少充分利用这些有幸获得的官能， 他们的眼睛和耳朵模糊地容纳所有的景象和声音。根据关键词seldom make the fullest use of their blessed faculties(很少充分利用这些有幸获得的官能)可知“模糊地或朦胧地”更符合语境，选项C符合题意。4. 单选题A persons home is as much a reflection of his personality as the clothes he wears, the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time. Depending on personality, most have in mind a(n)（1）home. But in general, and especially for the student or new wage earners, there are practical（2）of cash and location on achieving that idea.Cash（3）, in fact, often means that the only way of（4）when you leave school is to stay at home for a while until things（5）financially. There are obvious（6）of living at home personal laundry is usually（7）done along with the family wash; meals are provided and there will be a well-established circle of friends to（8）. And there is（9）the responsibility for paying bills, rates, etc.On the other hand,（10）depends on how a family gets on. Do your parents like your friends? You may love your family -（11）do you like them? Are you prepared to be（12）when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back? If you find that you cannot manage a(n)（13）. and that you finally have themoney to leave, how do you（14）finding somewhere else to live?If you plan to stay in your home area, the possibilities are（15）well-known to you already. Friends and the local paper are always（16）. If you are going to work in a（17）area, again there are the papers and the accommodation agencies,（18）these should be approached with（19）. Agencies are allowed to charge a fee, usually the（20）of the first weeks rent, if you lake accommodation they have found for you.问题1选项A.satisfactoryB.imaginaryC.idealD.perfect问题2选项A.limitationsB.inefficienciesC.weaknessesD.deficiencies问题3选项A.shortageB.lackC.cutD.drain问题4选项A.getting atB.getting backC.getting inD.getting over问题5选项A.developB.enhanceC.improveD.proceed问题6选项A.concernsB.advantagesC.problemsD.issues问题7选项A.stillB.alwaysC.habituallyD.never问题8选项A.call outB.call inC.call overD.call upon问题9选项A.alwaysB.rarelyC.littleD.sometimes问题10选项A.enoughB.muchC.manyD.little问题11选项A.orB.stillC.butD.and问题12选项A.indifferentB.tolerantC.angryD.hostile问题13选项A.consensusB.agreementC.compromiseD.deal问题14选项A.go throughB.go overC.go aboutD.go in for问题15选项A.certainlyB.seldomC.probablyD.less问题16选项A.reliableB.dependentC.of great valueD.a good source of information问题17选项A.familiarB.coldC.humidD.new问题18选项A.whileB.asC.sinceD.though问题19选项A.concernB.cautionC.hesitationD.enthusiasm问题20选项A.similarityB.equalC.sameD.equivalent【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:B第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:C第14题:C第15题:C第16题:D第17题:D第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】1.考查形容词词义辨析。satisfactory “满意的；符合要求的”; imaginary “虚构的，假想的”； ideal “理想的”；perfect “完美的”。根据表示转折的并列连词but可知此处前后是一个转折关系，因此根据后文的practical“实际的”可知空格处填入ideal最合适。2.考查名词词义辨析。limitation “限制”; inefficiency “效率低，无效率”； weakness “弱点”；deficiency “缺陷”。前一句提到“很多人都想有一个理想中的家”，根据but可知，空格处所在句子表达的意思与前句相反，即现实情况是，他们受经济和地点的影响，无法实现这个目标，因此选项A符合题意。3.考查名词词义辨析。shortage “缺乏，不足”； lack “缺少”，一般用lack of sth. 表达“缺乏某东西”；cut “切，削减”； drain “负担；消耗”。第一段最后一句提到了“经济和地点限制”，应该空格处填入shortage与之对应，cash shortage “资金不足”。4.考查词组辨析。get at “理解”; get back “回来，恢复”； get in “进入；到达”；get over “克服；恢复”。空格处所在句子的大意是：没钱意味着毕业后暂时住在家里才是克服困难的方法。选项D符合题意。5.考查动词词义辨析。develop “发展”； enhance “提高，加强”；improve “提高；改善”； proceed “开始，继续进行”。前面提到没钱就暂时住在家里，直到经济问题得到改善，因此选项C符合题意。6.考查动词词义辨析。concern “担心；忧虑”； advantage “优势”； problem “问题”; issue “问题”。根据后文举的例子，可知此处提及的是住在家里的“好处”，因此选项B符合题意。7.考查副词词义辨析。still “仍然”；always “总是，常常”；habitually “习惯性地”；never “从不”。空格处所在句子的大意是：住在家里，衣服仍旧跟以前一样跟家人的一起洗。选项A符合题意。8.考查词组辨析。call out “唤起，出动”; call in “拜访”；call over “点名”；call upon “号召，要求；拜访”。根据原文句子中的friends可知是“拜访”之意，call in 后面不能直接接对象，而是用call in on sb.，所以选项D符合题意。9.考查逻辑关系。前面提到是住在家里，因此paying bills, rates这样的事情出现的频率非常小，选项B符合题意。10.考查逻辑关系。根据下文可知，这里讲述的住在家里很大程度取决于跟家人相处得怎么样，因此选项B符合题意。11.考查逻辑关系。空格处所在句子的大意是：你可能很爱你的家人但是你喜欢他们的方式的吗？因此选项C符合题意。12.考查形容词词义辨析。indifferent “冷漠的”；tolerant “宽容的”； angry “生气的”; hostile “敌对的”。根据后文when your parents ask where you are going in the evening and what time you expect to be back?(你晚上准备去哪儿以及准备什么时候回来？)当被父母询问这些的时候，考验的是你的耐心，因此选项B符合题意。13.考查固定搭配。前面提到跟家人住在一起的你可能跟他们会有分歧，因此需要“达成妥协”（manage a compromise），选项C符合题意。14.考查词组辨析。go through “参加，经受；仔细检查”; go over “复习，重温”； go about “着手做”； go in for “参加，从事”。空格处所在句子的大意是：假如你有钱离开家，你准备怎样去找别的地方住呢？选项C符合题意。15.考查副词词义辨析。certainly “确定地”; seldom “很少”； probably “可能”；less “更少”。空格处所在句子的大意是：如果你打算待在本地，很有可能更加容易获得各种房源信息。选项C符合题意。16.考查逻辑关系。前面提到待在本地可以更容易获得信息，此处说明信息的来源可以是朋友，也能是本地的报纸，因此选项D符合题意。17.考查逻辑关系。前面提到in your home area, 此处表达的是“到一个新环境工作”，因此选项D符合题意。familiar “熟悉的”；cold “冷的”；humid “潮湿的”。18.考查从句的连接词。分析句子可知此处是让步状语从句。though与while都可以引导让步状语从句，而while此种用法时通常为于句首，因此此处选择though。19.考查名词词义辨析。concern “关系；关心”; caution “小心”； hesitation “犹豫”；enthusiasm “热情”。到一个不熟悉的地方，咨询住所应该要谨慎，因此选项B符合题意。20.考查词义辨析。similarity “类似；相似点”; equal “对手；同辈”；same “相同的，上述的”；equivalent “对等的（人或事物）”。空格处所在句子的大意是：房产中介可以从中收取费用，通常相当于第一周的租金。即中介费相当于第一周的租金，选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Colour blindness is inability to distinguish one or more of the three colours red, green, and blue. (Ability to see colour exists in only a few vertebrates, including, among others, man and the other primates, fish, amphibians, some reptiles, and some birds; and in bees and butterflies.) In the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue that lines the back and sides of the eyeball, there are, in human beings, three types of cones, the visual cells that function in the perception of colour. One type absorbs light best in wavelengths of blue-violet and another in the wavelengths of green. The third type is most sensitive to wavelengths of yellow but is also sensitive to red.Colour-blind persons may be blind to one, two, or all of the colours red. green, and blue. (Blindness to red is called protanopia; to green, deuteranopia; and to blue, tritanopia.) Red-blind persons are ordinarily unable to distinguish between red and green, while blue-blind persons cannot distinguish between blue and yellow. Green-blind persons are unable to see the green part of the spectrum.Colour blindness, which affects about 20 times as many males as females, is a sex-linked recessive characteristic. A woman must inherit the trait from both parents to be colour-blind. A colour-blind man and a woman of normal colour vision have daughters who have normal colour vision. But are carriers of the trait that is, the daughters may have colour-blind sons and daughters who are carriers. The sons of a colour-blind man and a woman with normal vision themselves have normal vision and are unable to pass the colour-blind trait on to offspring. The son of a normal man and a carrier woman may be colour-blind, and the daughter of such a union may be a carrier. Thus, colour blindness tends to skip generations.1.（ ）person is unable to distinguish blue and yellow.2. The underlined word “skip” in the last sentence of this passage most probably means（ ）.3. According to this passage,（ ）.4. It can be know from this passage that（ ）has normal vision and is unable to pass the colour-blindtrait on to offspring.问题1选项A.A colour-blindB.A deuteranopicC.A protanopicD.A tritanopic问题2选项A.omitB.clipC.slipD.emit问题3选项A.inability to distinguish only one colour is usually not regarded as colour blindnessB.only a few vertebrates have the ability to see coloursC.only humans have the remarkable ability to see coloursD.all vertebrates cannot see colours问题4选项A.the daughter of a colour-blind man and a colour-blind womanB.the daughter of a normal man and a colour-blind womanC.the son of a normal man and a colour-blind womanD.the son of a colour-blind man and a woman with normal vision【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(while blue-blind persons cannot distinguish between blue and yellow)，前面提到to blue, tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skip generation就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Ability to see colour exists in only a few vertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（The sons of a colour-blind man and a woman with normal vision themselves have normal vision and are unable to pass the colour-blind trait on to offspring），因此选项D符合题意。6. 单选题He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to（ ）the consequences.问题1选项A.run intoB.answer forC.comply withD.abide by【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。run into “遭遇，陷入”；answer for “因而受罚”；comply with “遵守，照做”；abide by “遵守，信守”。根据前面的“他没有履行合同中的一些条款”可知，他应该为此负责，选项B符合题意。7. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.It is perfectly clear that a violent revolution on the part of American blacks would find no sympathy and support from the white population and very little from the majority of the Negroes themselves. This is no time for romantic illusions. Without recognizing this we will end up with solutions that dont solve, answers that dont answer and explanations that dont explain.【答案】毋庸置疑，美国黑人的暴力革命绝不可能得到白人的同情与支持，也得不到大多数黑人的同情与支持。现在不是浪漫幻想的时候。如果不能认识到这一点，我们将会得出无法解决困难的方法、无法回答疑问的答案与无法阐释问题的解释。8. 单选题Mario was awarded the medal for displaying professional（ ）of the highest order in the rescue attempts two weeks ago.问题1选项A.supervisionB.intelligenceC.solutionD.competence【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。supervision “监督”； intelligence “智力；才智”solution “解决办法”； competence “能力，胜任”。根据关键词professional “专业的”及rescue attempts “救援努力”可推断此处讲的是“专业能力”，因此选项D符合题意。9. 单选题- “Doesnt your wife restrain you from smoking?” - “I（ ）from smoking ever since our marriage.” 问题1选项A.restrainedB.have restrainedC.refrainedD.have refrained【答案】D【解析】考查时态。由关键词since our marriage可知戒烟这件事从过去发生一直延续到现在，排除A, C选项；Refrain为不及物动词，后面要加上from，构成固定搭配refrain from（不再做某事），因此D选项正确。10. 单选题Though I had tried to explain it as clearly as possible, my expectation seemed not to（ ）.问题1选项A.get downB.get acrossC.get alongD.get up【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。get down “吞下，使沮丧”; get across “通过；使被理解”； get along “与和睦相处”；get up “起床”。根据though这个词可知前后有一个转折关系，前半句提到“我尽可能的将问题解释清楚”，所以后半句的意思与之形成对比，因此选项B符合题意。11. 单选题He could not（ ）his late arrival at the conference.问题1选项A.contribute toB.count forC.account forD.leave out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。contribute to “有助于”；count for “有价值”；account for “对负有责任；对做出解释”; leave out “遗漏，省去”。根据后面“他开会迟到”，可知是为开会迟到做解释，因此选项C符合题意。12. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following part into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically（真实地）by being credible, trustworthy, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed（敬畏）by them.【答案】“胜利者”与“失败者”有很多含义。当我们谈到某个人是胜利者的时候，我们不是说他通过打倒某人取胜了。在我们看来，胜利者就是一个值得信赖，敢于承担责任并且诚恳的人作为个体或作为社会一员都是如此。成功者敢于独立思考，敢于运用自身的学识。他们能够分清事实与观点，明辨是非，不会装作无所不知。他们倾听他人的见解，品评他人的言论，但形成自己的结论。虽然成功者也会钦佩他人，敬重他人，但他们绝不会受制于他人，为他人所束缚，不会畏惧他人，或为他人所击垮。13. 单选题One night, when television began broadcasting a boring TV show, I said to my wife, “The programme is even less interesting than the advertisement, or commercials. Let us have a change.My wife, who happened to have a remote control in her hand, consented immediately, switched to another channel and enjoyed an advertisement of rice flour with me. Just at the moment, I found that we were no longer as disgusted with the commercials as we had been before.The next day when I told my experience to my colleagues, they, to my surprise, all had the same feeling. A few even sang several of the commercials songs.A few years ago, when advertisements began to appear in the Chinese media, most people, including myself, were against the practice. Some sighed, “The socialist TV, newspaper has started imitating the western bourgeois media tool!” What has changed the audiences mentality in only several years time?First, Chinese advertisement have improved their advertising and their advertising techniques, at the beginning, the language of advertisement was simple, the music insipid and the images coarse and crude. Later, some better foreign advertisements came to Chinese TV and newspapers.“Where there is a mountain, there is a road; where there is a road, there is a Toyota”. The words of the Japanese advertisement publicizing the Toyota car are very absurd but impressive and easy to memorize. “Nestle coffee is tasty indeed.” The American advertisement promoting the sale of the Nestle brand coffee has become a new household phrase in China. Gradually, Chinese advertisements also have learned how to dress themselves up. They have strange and humorous associations, charming, deep male voices, colorful images and songs that are pleasing to the ear and easy to learn. For these reasons, the commercials for Santana cars, Fuda colour film and Orient beverages have successfully attracted a TV audience.Second, life needs advertisements. Everything in modem society is linked to information, while the main function of advertisements is to disseminate information on commodities, services, culture, employment, student enrollment and even marriage.Of course, one can obtain such information by listening to hearsay and making on-the-spot investigation, but the information provided by advertisements is doubtless the most direct, comprehensive and detailed.As society advances, peoples demands have become more and more diversified, and the commodities and services provided by society have also become more and more diversified.On the other hand, as living tempo quickens, people have less leisure time. If they want to spend time finding suitable commodities, service and employment opportunities, they have to rely on advertisements. So, unconsciously, people have changed their hatred for advertisements to an acceptance and utilization of them.But, due to certain conditions in China, the Chinese do not have a great need for advertisement for the time being.1. Why did Chinese advertisement play an unpopular role at the beginning?2. Which of the following is true according to the passage?3. Compared with before, what did I found suddenly?4. What does the word absurd mean in the passage?5. The advantages of ads are as follows EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.Because ads were not well made and they are not attractive.B.Because watching ads is considered to be wasting our time.C.Because people are not familiar with ads and they cant accept it.D.Because China is a socialist country.问题2选项A.Most people like advertisements at the beginning.B.Western bourgeois media are better than Chinese media.C.Chinese media likes to imitate the West.D.Few people were in favor of advertisements when it appeared several years ago.问题3选项A.Commercials are better than TV shows.B.We all like commercials better than TV shows.C.TV shows are no longer attractive.D.We no longer hate to see commercials as before.问题4选项A.interestingB.funnyC.ridiculousD.unpractical问题5选项A.ads can disseminate information to audienceB.ads can provides the most direct, comprehensive and detailed informationC.ads arent made by listening to hearsayD.ads can bring us happiness【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么中国广告一开始不受欢迎？”文章第五段第一句话提到在开始的时候广告语检点，音乐平淡，画面粗糙（the language of advertisement was simple, the music insipid and the images coarse and crude），因此选项A“因为广告制作不好，没有吸引力”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知下列哪项是真的？”文章第四段第一句话提到“几年前，当广告开始出现在中国媒体上时，大多数人，包括我自己都反对这种做法”（A few years ago, when advertisements began to appear in the Chinese media, most people, including myself, were against the practice），因此选项D“几年前广告出现的时候很少人喜欢”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“与以前比，我突然发现了什么？”文章第二段最后一句提到“我发现我们不再像以前那样讨厌广告了”（I found that we were no longer as disgusted with the commercials as we had been before），因此选项D符合题意。4.词义题。题目问的是“文章中absurd是什么意思？”文章第六段提到日本丰田汽车的广告语“Where there is a mountain, there is a road; where there is a road, there is a Toyota”（有山的地方就有路，有路的地方就有丰田），可以推测这种说法是“荒诞的”，因此选项C符合题意。5.事实细节题。题目问的是“除了下列哪项，其他都是广告的优势？”文章倒数第五段提到广告的功能是传播商品、服务、文化、就业、招生甚至婚姻方面的信息（the main function of advertisements is to disseminate information on commodities, services, culture, employment, student enrollment and even marriage），因此可知选项A是广告的一个优势，排除；文章倒数第四段提到人们可以通过其他途径来获取信息，但是广告提供的信息无疑是最直接、最全面、最详细的（but the information provided by advertisements is doubtless the most direct, comprehensive and detailed），由此可知选项B与C是广告的两个优势。综上，选项D符合题意。14. 不定项选择题For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（1）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（2）can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are（3）readers. Most of us develop poor reading（4）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（5）in the actual stuff of language itselfwords. Taken individually, words have（6）meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（7）, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to（8）words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over（9）you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which（10）down the speed of reading is vocalizationsounding each word either orally or mentally as （11）reads.To overcome these bad ha