2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解47

2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Are undergraduate grades important? Everyone knows that high marks earned at different schools or under different instructors can indicate very different levels of achievement. One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very generous or one who takes the whole business as a bit of joke. Some schools have nigh standards, whereas others are groups of intellectual people. And at all universities, there is a constant tendency towards grade inflation （the granting of ever more high marks）. That is fought vigorously at some institutions and allowed to go unchecked for long periods at others.Another point raised against grades is how poorly they predict how much graduates will be earning 15 or 20 years after getting their degrees. As many studies have shown, there is only a very poor correlation between undergraduates grades and subsequent wealth. People who get good marks tend to go into the professions, not all of which are highly remunerative（有利的）.The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually nothing. Many mediocre（平庸）students become successful businessman, while some brilliant and capable graduates （creative youngsters, not students with special skills in passing exams） take up relatively low-paying but interesting or satisfying careers. The general population, examining this question through a statistical lens, sees one thing very clearly that good grades dont translate in any direct way into big bucks, and for better or for worse, the gauge（标尺） of “success” for countless Americans is the acquisition of wealth.The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. A students parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. High marks are not something to be advertised to the world except on resumes, and anybody who boasts about them is likely to be viewed with contempt, not least by intelligent people.1.Which of the following is true about undergraduate grades?2.According to the passage, what is the relationship between grades and business performance?3.Which of the following best describes the American attitude towards good grades?4.The phrase “grade-grubber”, underlined in paragraph 3 probably means （ ）.5.What might be the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.Different grades in schools indicate different levels of achievement.B.Professors are giving increasingly high marks.C.Professors sometimes give grades without checking students work.D.Professors are likely to give high grades if they are humorous.问题2选项A.Good grades normally lead to business success.B.There is a direct link between grades and business success.C.Good grades dont necessarily mean business success.D.Poor grades often mean business success.问题3选项A.The students with good grades will share his happiness with everybody he knows.B.Good grades are something attached to great importance.C.Not much importance is attached to good grades.D.Students will risk everything to get good grades.问题4选项A.a student who like to take risksB.a student who is excellent in academic studyC.a student who is obsessed by getting good gradesD.a student who brags about his good grades问题5选项A.Are Grades So Important?B.How to Get Good Grades.C.Different Attitudes towards Grades.D.Grades and Business Success【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问关于本科成绩，下列哪个选项是正确的?。根据文章第一段中第三句“One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very generous or one who takes the whole business as a bit of joke. 一位教授可能是一个严格的评分者，而另一位教授可能是一个非常慷慨的人，或者是一个把整件事当作玩笑的人。”确定C选项教授有时不检查学生的作业就给他们打分。正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，成绩和企业绩效之间的关系是什么?。根据文章第二段中第四句“ The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually nothing. 大学本科成绩与商业成功(最常见的致富之路)之间的相关性几乎为零。”确定C选项好的成绩并不一定意味着商业上的成功。正确。3.推理判断题。题干询问下列哪一项最能描述美国人对待好成绩的态度?。根据文章最后一段中第一句 “The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. 结果是，在美国取得好成绩的人对自己的成绩多少有些谦虚。”确定C选项好成绩不太重要。正确。4.词汇题。题干询问第3段下划线的grade-grubber”一词可能是指。根据文章最后一段的第二句A students parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. 学生的父母可能会吹嘘他的成绩，但很少会因为过分关注他的学业成绩而给自己贴上“grade-grubber”的标签。这句话中的方式状语 “by drawing too much attention to his academic success 通过高度重视自己的学术成就”就是该词的解释，所以C选项一个痴迷于取得好成绩的学生正确。5.主旨大意题。题干询问这篇文章最好的题目是什么?。在文章开头作者提出问题“Are undergraduate grades important?，之后从多个方面论证了大学成绩并不是那么重要，高分不能代表财富和成功。所以用这一句话作为标题很恰当合适，A选项正确。2. 单选题The editor-in-chief begs （ ）tomorrows meeting.问题1选项A.to be excused to attendB.to be excused to attendingC.to excuse to attendD.to excuse from attending【答案】A【解析】为了参加明天的会议，主编请求准予离开。固定搭配题。excuse sb. from sth.为固定用法，表示“同意某人不做；免除某人”，根据句意是同意，所以排除因此排除C项和D项。“to attend tomorrows meeting”为不定式短语作目的状语，因此答案选A。3. 单选题W: Thats the worst painting I have ever seen.M: Come on. Its not that bad.Q: What is the man probably doing?问题1选项A.He is encouraging the woman.B.He is rejecting the womans idea.C.He is making a comment.D.He is comforting the woman.【答案】C【解析】女士说那幅画是她见过最糟糕的，但男士认为那幅画也没有那么糟糕，由此可知男士是在发表自己的看法。C选项正确。4. 问答题The museum is closed this afternoon. (There is)【答案】There is no museum available this afternoon.5. 单选题You will see this product （ ）wherever you go.问题1选项A.to be advertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising【答案】B【解析】语法（分词作后置定语）题。分析题干可知，空格处填入的是定语来修饰this product。而product和advertise是被动关系，所以用表被动的过去分词作后置定语，B选项正确。6. 单选题To save money for my education, mother often took on more work than（ ）for her.问题1选项A.it was goodB.what was goodC.was goodD.being good【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句, than后面接名词或者名词性从句, 只有B项符合。7. 单选题Robots have freed the man from much boring work; （ ）they protect man from being harmed by some dangerous work.问题1选项A.thusB.soC.howeverD.moreover【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。thus “因此”；so “所以”；however “然而”；moreover “而且，此外”。根据句子意思，可判断出前后两句存在递进关系，所以选用moreover表递进。句意：机器人不仅可以使人类从无聊的工作中解脱出来，而且能够保护人们免遭一些危险工作的伤害。因此选项D符合题意。8. 单选题（ ） us earlier, （ ）your request to the full.问题1选项A.You have contacted. we could comply withB.Had you contacted. we could have complied withC.You had contacted. could we have complied withD.Have you contacted. we could comply with【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。综合题干和选项判断，本题考查的是省略if的虚拟语气。本题表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/might/should+现在完成时。因此B选项符合题意。9. 单选题The dictator relied on abuse of its opponents （ ）on sounding reasoning.问题1选项A.more thanB.rather thanC.other thanD.better than【答案】B【解析】词组辨析题。more than不仅仅；rather than而不是；other than除了.不同于.；better than超过，好于.。句意：这个独裁者依靠的是辱骂反对者，而不是有力的说服。所以选项B正确。10. 单选题In the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross National Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now there is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Twenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.1.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?2.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?3.A country shows its progress with GNP by （ ）.4.According to GNH, people are happier if they （ ）.5. Today, many countries are （ ）.问题1选项A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A generalD.A king问题2选项A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs问题3选项A.selling more productsB.spending more moneyC.spending less moneyD.providing more jobs问题4选项A.have new technologyB.can change their religionC.have a good, stable governmentD.have more money问题5选项A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progressB.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNHC.talking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progressD.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问吉格梅辛格旺楚克是谁?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan 位名叫Jigme Singye Wangchuck国王的新的统治者决定帮助不丹王国”，所以D选项国王正确2.细节事实题。题干询问除了使不丹现代化，旺楚克还想为不丹做些什么?。根据文章第一段中最后一句“a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modem, but without losing its traditions.一位名叫吉格梅辛格旺楚克的新统治者决定帮助不丹成为现代化国家，但同时又不丧失其传统。”确定D选项保持其传统和习俗正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问一个国家通过国民生产总值来显示它的进步通过。根据第二段第四句“When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. 当产品销量增加时，人们说这个国家正在取得进步。”确定A选项销售更多的产品正确。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据GNH，如果人们，他们会更快乐。在文章第三段，列举了衡量GNH的多个标准。只有C选项拥有一个良好、稳定的政府符合该段中的最后一句“people are happier when they have a good, stable government. 当人们拥有一个良好、稳定的政府时，他们会更快乐。”所以C选项正确。5.细节事实题。题干询问如今，许多国家都。根据文章倒数第二段中的第二句和第三句“ Many countries arc now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. 许多国家现在对不丹的GNH感兴趣。这些国家正在研究自己衡量幸福的方法。”确定D选项试图找到自己衡量幸福的方法正确。11. 单选题During the operas most famous aria, the tempo chosen by the orchestras conductor seemed （ ）, without necessary relation to what had gone before.问题1选项A.tediousB.melodiousC.capriciousD.moderation【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。tedious沉闷的，冗长乏味的；melodious旋律优美的；capricious反复无常的，任性的；moderation适度，节制。句意：在歌剧最著名的咏叹调中，管弦乐队指挥所选择的节奏似乎有些随意，与之前的情况没有必要的联系。选项C更符合语境。12. 单选题When the drops were placed in the patients eyes, his pupils became （ ）.问题1选项A.dilatedB.smallerC.irritatedD.sensible【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。dilated扩大的，膨胀的；smaller较小的；irritated恼怒的，生气的；sensible明智的。句意：当滴剂滴入患者的眼睛时，他的瞳孔放大了。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题W: What seems to be the problem?M: Well, I understand the lectures, but I get mixed up when I try to read the book.Q: What does the man mean?问题1选项A.He doesnt really understand the lectures.B.The book is confusing.C.The lecture is not very clear.D.The book is too difficult for him.【答案】B【解析】根据男士的话 “讲课的内容我都理解了，但读书的时候发现又混乱了”可知B选项这本书令人困惑。正确。14. 单选题The sound of footsteps on the bare floor （ ）the downstairs neighbors.问题1选项A.disturbedB.interruptedC.annoyedD.irritated【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。disturb妨碍，打扰；interrupt打断；annoy打搅，惹恼；irritate激怒。句意：踩在地板上的脚步声打扰了楼下的邻居。选项A符合语境。15. 单选题The single business of Henry Thoreau, during forty-odd years of eager activity was to discover an economy calculated to provide a satisfying life. His one concern, which gave to his ramblings in Concord fields a value of high adventure, was to explore the true meaning of wealth. As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator. The first was quite impossibleto imprison oneself in a treadmill when the morning called to great adventure. To exploit ones fellows seemed to Thoreaus sensitive social conscience an even greater infidelity. Freedom with abstinence seemed to him better than serfdom with material well-being, and he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach. He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned. The story of his emancipation from the lower economics is the one romance of his life, and Walden is his great book. It is a book in praise of life rather than of Nature, a record of calculating economics that studied saving in order to spend more largely. But it is a book of social criticism as well, in spite of its explicit denial of such a purpose. In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that the cost of a thing is the amount of life that is required in exchange for it, immediately or in the long run. In Walden Thoreau elaborated the text: The only wealth is life.1.Thoreau started an experiment at Walden Pond with the hope of （ ）.2.To Thoreau the best solution to the problem of economics is （ ）.3.Thoreau holds that the crucial thing for people to do is to （ ）.4.In the book Walden all of the following can be found except （ ）.5.Thoreaus attitude toward society can best be characterized as one of （ ）.问题1选项A.learning how to live quietlyB.writing a book on philosophyC.discovering what humans can learn from natureD.working out the best adjustment to material life .问题2选项A.to live a very simple lifeB.to become self-sufficientC.to live in the countryD.to reform the society问题3选项A.have a better understanding of what life meansB.live harmoniously with natureC.to save as much as one possibly canD.to live a life that one is content with问题4选项A.the nature of economyB.the meaning of freedomC.the criticism of societyD.Ruskins philosophy问题5选项A.acceptanceB.avoidanceC.indifferenceD.individualism【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。根据关键词“Walden Pond”定位到文中“. he was content to move to Walden Pond and to set about the high business of living, to confront only the essential facts of life and to see what it had to teach.”他满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，开始生活的崇高事业，直面生活的基本事实，看看生活能教给他什么。也就是去发现人类可以从大自然中学到什么。选项C符合原文。2.事实细节题。根据关键信息“the problem of economics”定位到文中“As he understood the problem of economics, there were three possible solutions open to him: to exploit himself, to exploit his fellows, or to reduce the problem to its lowest denominator.”随着他对经济学问题的理解，有三种可能的解决方案摆在他面前：利用自己，利用同伴，或者让问题回归到最本质的状态。接下来阐述了前面两种可能都是不可行的；然后解释了“让问题回归到最本质的状态”其实就是过简单快乐的生活，所以选项A正确。3.事实细节题。根据原文“He did not advocate that other men should build cabins and live isolated. He had no wish to dogmatize concerning the best mode of livingeach must settle that for himself. But that a satisfying life should be lived, he was vitally concerned.”他不主张其他人应该建造小木屋，过与世隔绝的生活。他不想武断地认为什么是最好的生活方式每个人都必须自己解决这个问题。但他非常关心的是，我们应该要过一种令人满意的生活。选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据原文最后几句话可知：“But it is a book of social criticism as well,.”涉及选项C；“In considering the true nature of economy he concluded, with Ruskin, that.”涉及选项A和D；只有选项B没有涉及，所以本题选B。5.观点态度题。根据原文内容可知，Thoreau满足于搬到瓦尔登湖，过上简单却满足的生活，实际上是想逃离现在的社会，说明他对社会是持逃避的态度，所以选项B正确。选项D含有贬义，所以选项B更恰当。16. 单选题When a space shuttle has accomplished its（ ）, it can be ready for another trip in about two weeks.问题1选项A.ventureB.missionC.commissionD.responsibility【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。venture “冒险旅行”，mission “使命，任务”；commission “委员会，佣金”；responsibility “责任”。句意：当航天飞机完成了它的任务，它可以在大约两周后准备另一次飞行。因此选项B符合题意。17. 单选题Once the question is put, we know （ ）try to obtain the answer.问题1选项A.to proceed in direction toB.where direction proceed toC.in which direction to proceed toD.which direction proceed toward【答案】C【解析】考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，know后面的成分为它的宾语，填空处缺少的是方式状语。选项A不定式做主语或目的状语；选项B中where引导地点状语；选项D缺少先行词。所以只有选项C正确。18. 单选题To make the best and the most efficient use of your time and to achieve your goals, start each day by （ ）your agenda.问题1选项A.holding onB.making outC.keeping onD.taking down【答案】D【解析】词组辨析题。hold on等一下，继续；make out理解，辨认出，设法应付；keep on继续；take down记下。句意：为了最大限度、最有效地利用你的时间并实现你的目标，你需要开始每天记录你的日程。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题M: Is there anything I can do for you. Madam?W: Id like to see some linen, please.Q: Where are the two people?问题1选项A.In a sports department.B.In a textile department.C.In a hotel.D.In a shoe department.【答案】B【解析】根据题目“linen亚麻布”可知B选项纺织部正确。20. 翻译题Translating the following passages from English into Chinese.Former England captain David Beckham is to retire at the end of the season. The 38-year-old signed a five-month deal at Paris St-Germain in January and donated all of his salary to charity.Beckham made 115 appearances for England and 394 for Manchester United, winning six Premier League titles and the Champions League.Here, in his statement released today, Beckham talks about his decision to retire from playing. “Im thankful to PSG for giving me the opportunity to continue but I feel now is the right time to finish my career, playing at the highest level.” “If you had told me as a young boy I would have played for and won trophies with my boyhood club Manchester United, proudly captained and played for my country over one hundred times and lined up for some of the biggest clubs in the world, I would have told you it was a fantasy. Im fortunate to have realized those dreams.” “To this day, one of my proudest achievements is captaining my country. I knew every time I wore the Three Lions shirt, I was not only following in a long line of great players, I was also representing every fan that cared passionately about their country. Im honoured to represent England both on and off