2022-2023年考博英语-郑州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第46期

2022-2023年考博英语-郑州大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 不定项选择题For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazine: a never-ending flood of words. In（1）a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend（2）can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are（3）readers. Most of us develop poor reading（4）at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency（5）in the actual stuff of language itselfwords. Taken individually, words have（6）meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs.（7）, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to（8）words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over（9）you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which（10）down the speed of reading is vocalizationsounding each word either orally or mentally as （11）reads.To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use device called an（12）, which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate（13）the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, （14）word-by-word reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first（15）is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, （16）your comprehension will improve. Many people have found（17）reading skill drastically improved after some training.（18）Charles Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading was a reasonably good 172 words a minute（19）the training, now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can（20）a lot more reading material in a short period of time.问题1选项A.applyingB.doingC.gettingD.offering问题2选项A.easilyB.quicklyC.roughlyD.decidedly问题3选项A.goodB.curiousC.urgentD.poor问题4选项A.trainingB.simulationsC.habitsD.custom问题5选项A.combinesB.liesC.touchesD.involves问题6选项A.someB.a lotC.dullD.little问题7选项A.UnfortunatelyB.In factC.LogicallyD.Fortunately问题8选项A.reuseB.rewriteC.rereadD.recite问题9选项A.whichB.whatC.thatD.if问题10选项A.scalesB.cutsC.measuresD.slows问题11选项A.someoneB.heC.oneD.reader问题12选项A.actorB.acceleratorC.amplifierD.observer问题13选项A.thenB.asC.thanD.beyond问题14选项A.enablingB.makingC.leadingD.indicating问题15选项A.meaningB.gistC.comprehensionD.regression问题16选项A.forB.norC.orD.but问题17选项A.ourB.yourC.theirD.such a问题18选项A.Look atB.TakeC.MakeD.Consider问题19选项A.forB.inC.afterD.before问题20选项A.get throughB.go overC.presentD.master【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:B第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:A【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。A选项applying“申请”；B选项doing“做”；C选项getting“得到”；D选项offering“提供”。句意：在得到一份工作或在一份工作中取得进步时。因此C选项符合题意。第2题:考查副词辨析。A选项 easily“轻松地”；B选项quickly“迅速地”；C选项roughly“粗糙地”；D选项decidedly“果断地”。句意：快速阅读和理解的能力意味着成功和失败的区别。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:考查形容词辨析。A选项good“好的”；B选项curious“好奇的”；C选项urgent“急迫的”；D选项poor“差劲的”。句意：我们大多数人都不善于阅读。因此D选项符合题意。第4题:考查名词辨析。A选项training“训练”；B选项simulations“模拟”；C选项habits“习惯”；D选项custom“风俗”。句意：我们大多数人在很小的时候就养成了不好的阅读习惯。因此C选项符合题意。第5题:考查动词辨析。A选项combines“结合”；B选项lies“在于”；C选项touches“触及”；D选项involves“涉及”。句意：主要的缺陷在于语言本身的实质。因此B选项符合题意。第6题:考查形容词辨析。A选项some“某些的”；B选项a lot“许多的”；C选项dull“迟钝的”；D选项little“很少的”。句意：单独来看，单词在组成短语、句子和段落之前没有什么意义。因此D选项符合题意。第7题:考查副词辨析。A选项Unfortunately“不幸地”；B选项In fact“事实上”；C选项Logically“合乎逻辑地”；D选项Fortunately“幸运地”。句意：然而不幸的是，未经训练的读者不会阅读一组单词。因此A选项符合题意。第8题:考查动词辨析。A选项reuse“再次使用”；B选项rewrite“重写”；C选项reread“重读”；D选项recite“背诵”。句意：常常回头再读一些单词或段落。因此C选项符合题意。第9题:考查宾语从句。B选项“what”引导宾语从句，what you have just read表示你刚刚读过的东西；A选项which“哪一个”；C选项that“那个”，D选项“如果”。因此B选项符合题意。第10题:考查动词辨析。A选项scales“衡量”；B选项cuts“削减”；C选项measures“测量”；D选项slows“减慢”。句意：另一个减慢阅读速度的习惯是发声。因此D选项符合题意。第11题:考查代词辨析。A选项someone“某人”；B选项he“他”；C选项one“一个人”；D选项reader“读者”。句意：在一个人阅读时。因此C选项符合题意。第12题:考查名词辨析。A选项actor“演员”；B选项accelerator“加速器”；C选项amplifier“放大器”；D选项observer“观察者”。句意：使用了加速阅读的设备。因此B选项符合题意。第13题:考查形容词比较级。A选项then“那时”；B选项as“如同”；C选项than“比”；D选项beyond“超越”。句意：标准设定在比读者觉得舒服的稍快一点的速度。前文的faster和than连用，表示比更快。因此C选项符合题意。第14题:考查动词辨析。A选项enabling“能够”；B选项making“使得”；C选项leading“引导”；D选项indicating“表明”。句意：使得逐字阅读、回过头去读和默读变得几乎不可能。因此B选项符合题意。第15题:考查名词辨析。A选项meaning“意义”；B选项gist“要旨”；C选项comprehension“理解”；D选项regression“回归”。句意：一开始为了速度而牺牲了理解。因此C选项符合题意。第16题:考查连词辨析。A选项for“因为”；B选项nor“也不”；C选项or“或者”；D选项but“而是”。句意：你不仅会读得更快，你的理解能力也会提高。前文的not only和but连用，表示不仅，而且。因此D选项符合题意。第17题:考查代词辨析。A选项our“我们的”；B选项your“你的”；C选项their“他们的”；D选项such a“这样的”。句意：许多人发现，经过一些训练后他们的阅读技能有了很大的提高。their指代前文的many people。因此C选项符合题意。第18题:考查固定搭配。A选项Look at“看”；B选项Take“拿”；C选项Make“做”；D选项Consider“考虑”。句意：以业务经理查尔斯欧为例。take sth. for instance是固定搭配，表示以为例。因此B选项符合题意。第19题:考查介词辨析。A选项for“为了”；B选项in“在里面”；C选项after“在之后”；D选项before“在之前”。句意：他在培训前的阅读能力相当不错。因此D选项符合题意。第20题:考查动词辨析。A选项get through“做完”；B选项go over“重温”；C选项present“展现”；D选项master“掌握”。句意：他很高兴自己能在短时间内读完更多的阅读材料。因此A选项符合题意。2. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it （2），his professional equipment (素养). （3）this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic（4）of new developments. He should be willing to work（5）his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others（6）his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding（7）with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically .（8）an information translator, let us say, for an industrial company, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to （9）rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another,（10）this ability is frequently（11）of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking,（12）that he should be to speak the languages he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage（13）a hindrance (障碍)，but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can（14）with. It is, （15）, desirable（16）he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to（17）how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same（18）to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not（19）. There are many other skills and（20）that are desirable in a translator.问题1选项A.useB.usageC.utilityD.application问题2选项A.should beB.would beC.wasD.were问题3选项A.Because ofB.More thanC.Except forD.In addition to问题4选项A.truthB.reasonC.theoryD.principle问题5选项A.forB.onC.byD.of问题6选项A.becauseB.whenC.shouldD.if问题7选项A.skillB.knowledgeC.acquaintanceD.familiarity问题8选项A.asB.outC.forD.with问题9选项A.transformB.changeC.turnD.switch问题10选项A.whileB.sinceC.thoughD.therefore问题11选项A.requiredB.lackedC.facedD.confronted问题12选项A.advantageousB.essentialC.unnecessaryD.useless问题13选项A.overB.rather thanC.despiteD.instead问题14选项A.dealB.concernC.workD.do away问题15选项A.consequentlyB.accordinglyC.thusD.however问题16选项A.andB.ifC.thatD.when问题17选项A.knowingB.having knownC.knowD.have known问题18选项A.amountsB.comesC.refersD.applies问题19选项A.matterB.mindC.harmD.work问题20选项A.characteristicsB.distinctionsC.qualitiesD.features【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:D第16题:C第17题:A第18题:D第19题:A第20题:C【解析】1.考查名词词义辨析。use “使用”，侧重指为到达某一目的而利用某人或某物；usage “使用”，侧重被很多人公认的惯例，习俗; utility “实用”，指有效地使用某物使其发挥效用；application “应用”，侧重指将理论用到某种特殊情况。此处是指为了到达沟通目的而使用语言，因此选项A符合题意。2.考查词组辨析。as it should be “应当，适当”；as it would be “好像，仿佛”； as it was “事实上，结果却是”；as it were “可以说是，似乎就是，好像”。根据语境，选项D符合题意。3.考查逻辑关系。空格处后面提到的inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory等与前一句所提到的成为译者的素养是平行关系，因此空格处填入D符合题意，意思是除了前面提到的这些能力，还包括inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory等。4.考查名词词义辨析。truth “真理”; reason “原因”； theory “理论”；principle “原理，原则”。根据new development可知此处大意是“快速掌握新进展的基本原理的能力”，选项D符合题意。5.考查固定搭配。on ones own “依靠自己”，选项B符合题意。6.考查倒装句。由空格后否定句his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand中没有助动词可推测这里是用倒装句来表示条件分句，选项C符合题意。7.考查固定搭配。skill与of连用; knowledge 常与of连用；acquaintance with “了解，知道”；familiarity with “熟悉”。由于空格前的more than“多于，超出”以及译者的专业不是出版方面可知“了解”符合语境，选项C符合题意。8.考查固定搭配。work as “担任，以身份而工作”，因此选项A符合题意。9.考查固定搭配。将一种语言转变成另一种语言，用switch适合，选项D符合题意。10.考查逻辑关系。根据前后关系可知此处应该填入一个表示“既然或由于”意思的单词，因此选项B符合题意。11.考查固定搭配。require sth. of sb.“要求某人某事”，选项A符合题意。12.考查形容词词义辨析。advantageous “有利的，有益的”；essential “基本的，必要的”；unnecessary “不必要的，多余的”； useless “无用的，无效的”。前面提到译者的工作性质是处理书面文字，因此对于讲那门语言是没有必要的，因此选项C符合题意。13.考查逻辑关系。前一句提到没有必要讲这门语言，而如果他会讲这门语言，属于一种优势，而不会是阻碍，因此rather than “而不是”符合题意。14.考查固定短语。deal with “处理，涉及”；concern with “使关心”；work with “与共事”；do away with “废除，去掉”。根据表示转折的并列连词but可知此处指“译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能”，因此选项D符合题意。15.考查逻辑关系。前一句提到译者可以不掌握说这些语言的技能，后面提到他应该对源语言的发音有一个大致的概念（he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages），可以看着前后有一个转折关系，因此选项D符合题意。16.考查固定搭配。It is desirable that + 从句，“.是合适的”。选项C符合题意。17.考查固定搭配。be restricted to doing sth. “限制做某事”，这里表示一般时态，因此选项A符合题意。18.考查固定搭配。amount to “相当于，总计为”; come to “想起，共计”；refer to “参考，涉及”； apply to “适用于”。空格处所在句子的大意是：同样的道理也适用于写源语言。选项D符合题意。19.考查固定搭配。It does not matter “没关系，不要紧”，空格处所在句子的大意是：如果译者没有书写源语言的能力，也没关系。选项A符合题意。20.考查名词词义辨析。characteristics “特征，特点”； distinction “区别”；quality “质量，品质”； feature “特色，特征”。由and可知空格处所在的单词与skill表示的意思相似，由前文professional equipment可知此处表达的是“其他技能和品质”，因此选项C符合题意。3. 单选题When Use Hadda sold her roomy, three bedroom house a year ago to move into a two-bedroom condo in Berkeley, California, she struggled to arrange her old furniture in her new space. Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way. Nothing seemed to work. Her seven large wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming. She couldnt find space for her favorite leather chair and the other furniture grouped around the living room fireplace. In an alcove off the master bedroom, her desk felt out of place and got in the way of the in-wall ironing board. I was frustrated because it looked awful, she says.Hadda turned to a surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers.Its not as strange as it sounds. Real-estate agents often recommend that sellers hire a home stager (also known as real-estate enhancer) to whisk through their homes and neutralize them before they go on the market. When staging to sell, a home stager, sometimes with the help of a team, stashes away personal items (your collection of antique dolls, for example, or the model boat on the mantel); repaints aggressively colored walls, and rearranges furniture and accessories to draw attention to a homes best features. Staging to live, as its called, is the logical next step. Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home. But this time, instead of seeking to depersonalize your abode, the emphasis is on organizing, decluttering, and rearranging to de-stress the environment, says Barb Schwarz, whos been staging homes for more than 30 years and founded the International Association of Home Staging Professionals four years ago.Its visual therapy, says Schwarz. Its about fine-tuning a space to improve its energy and the flow from room to room, she says. Schwarz estimates that about 40 percent of her staging-to-sell clients ask her to stage their new homes.Staging is also about getting rid of familiar objects that homeowners are overly attached to, says interior designer Pat McMillan, coauthor of Home Decorating for Dummies. A stager can be brutally honest about disposing of clutter and relegating tatty family heirlooms to the closet.Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field, through a three-day course at one of Schwarzs Staging University training programs which covers such topics as traffic patterns, furniture arrangement, and family lifestyle”, earns graduates the right to call themselves Accredited Staging Professionals. Fees vary widely but typically run about $75 an hour. Depending on the number of rooms, the total fee to stage a home may range anywhere from $750 to $3,0000, says Schwarz .1. The sentence Nothing seemed to wok (Paragraph 1) probably means（ ）.2. Which of the following is true according to the third paragraph?3. We may infer from the third paragraph that（ ）.4. According to the passage, the stager field is the one in which?问题1选项A.her furniture lost their functions for their new arrangementB.she had lost her job and had nothing to doC.her furniture were too old to be used any longerD.she didnt like her furniture any more for their awful looking问题2选项A.One home stager is enough to do all the works.B.The stagers try their best to prevent the house from being sold.C.Personal items of the home owner will be used to draw attention.D.Walls with inappropriate colors will be repainted.问题3选项A.staging to live is a certain step for all the staging to sell clients.B.stagers are rehired to help the clients organize their new houses.C.stagers are rehired to help the clients sell their new houses.D.staging to live costs much more than the step of “staging to sell”.问题4选项A.anyone can buy a satisfying house fromB.anyone can earn a lot of moneyC.anyone can have a tryD.anyone can start a training company【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“句子没有什么看起来发挥了作用可能是什么意思？”文章第一段第二句提到曾经摆放在一起的成套的家具现在却不再按照以前的方式摆放了（Familiar pieces that had fit together so naturally before no longer connected in the same homey way）；第四句提到她的七个大型的木制书柜被摆放在客厅里面，使它们看起来不协调并且占了大量的空间（Her seven large wooden bookshelves, standing together in the living/dining room area, looked awkward and a little overwhelming），因此可知选项A“重新摆放后的家具失去了作用”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据第三段可知下列哪句话是正确的？”文章第二段提到Hadda后悔没有早点找一个理家老手来帮她去掉房子之前的印记，以便吸引潜在买家（Hadda turned to a surprising source for help the home stager shed hired earlier to strip the personality from her old home so it would be more attractive to potential buyers），由此可知选项D“不合适的墙面颜色需要重新刷油漆”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“从第三段可推断出什么？” 文章第三段倒数第二句话提到在见识到了理家老手的高超手段后，他们会再次雇佣理家老手去打理他们的新家（Having come to appreciate the clean, uncluttered look the stager achieved in their old homes, seller are rehiring stagers to work the same magic in their new home），因此选项B符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知，理家行业怎么样？”文章最后一段第一句话提到每个人都可以尝试在这个领域发展（Anyone can hang out a shingle in this rapidly growing field），选项C符合题意。4. 单选题To the great disappointment of the public, the wanted in the murder case so far remains（ ）.问题1选项A.in prisonB.in freedomC.at easeD.at large【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in prison “坐牢”； in freedom “自由”； at ease “安逸；自由自在”；at large “详尽的；未被捕的”。前半句提到“公众非常失望”，由此可推测是杀人犯还没有落网，因此选项D符合题意。5. 单选题The wealth of a country should be measured（ ）the health and happiness of its people as well as the material goods it can produce.问题1选项A.in regard toB.in line withC.in terms ofD.by means of【答案】C【解析】考查短语。in regard to “关于”； in line with “符合，与一致”；in terms of “依据，按照”；by means of “用，依靠”。分析句子结构可知，空格处后面的内容是做方式状语，因此从C与D选项中选，根据两个词组的意思，可知选项C符合题意。6. 不定项选择题In recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. Some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied. But do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? There is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. As far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.Other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. The problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. Thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. Another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. In most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. Some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. It would seem that not only is the degree of workers contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.To what extent does more money lead to greater productivity? The workers themselves certainly think this is important. But perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. Money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. A similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. Perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.1. Which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?2. Why do workers want more money?3. The last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers jobs more interesting,（ ）.4. In this passage, the author tells us（ ）.5. The author of this passage is probably by a（ ）.问题1选项A.To make jobs more varied.B.Demands for longer working hours.C.Degree of work contribution.D.To give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.问题2选项A.Because their jobs are too boring.B.In order to enjoy more spare time.C.To make their jobs more interesting.D.To demand shorter working hours.问题3选项A.they will want more moneyB.they will demand shorter working hoursC.more money and shorter working hours are important factorsD.more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them问题4选项A.how to make the workers more productiveB.to a certain extent more money lead to greater productivityC.possible factors leading to greater efficiencyD.how to make workers jobs more interesti