2022-2023年考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第42期

2022-2023年考博英语-河北农业大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题A moments drilling by the dentist may make us nervous and upset. Many of us cannot stand pain. To avoid the pain of a drilling that may last perhaps a minute or two, we demand the needlea shot of novocainethat deadens the nerves around the tooth.Now its true that the human body has developed its millions of nerves to be highly aware of what goes on both inside and outside of it. This helps us adjust to the world. Without our nervesand our brain, which is a bundle of nerves- we wouldnt know whats happening. But we pay for our sensitivity. We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body. The history of torture is based on the human body being open to pain.But there is a way to handle pain. Look at the Indian fakir who sits on a bed of nails. Fakirs can put a needle right through an arm, and feel no pain. This ability that some humans have developed to handle pain should give us ideas about how the mind can deal with pain.The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it. If the dentist says, this will hurt a little, it helps us to accept the pain. By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart. After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.1. The passage is mainly about _.2. The sentence “But we pay for our sensitivity” in the second paragraph implies that _.3. When the author mentions the Indian fakir, he suggests that _.4. The most important thing to handle pain is _.5. The authors attitude towards pain is _.问题1选项A.how to suffer painB.how to avoid painC.how to handle painD.how to stop pain问题2选项A.we should pay a debt for our feelingB.we have to be hurt when we feel somethingC.our pain is worth feelingD.when we feel pain, we are suffering it问题3选项A.Indians are not at all afraid of painB.people may be senseless of painC.some people are able to handle painD.fakirs have magic to put needles right through their arms问题4选项A.how we look at painB.to feel pain as much as possibleC.to show an interest in painD.to accept the pain reluctantly问题5选项A.PessimisticB.optimisticC.radicalD.sarcastic【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句But there is a way to handle pain.（但有种方法可以缓解疼痛），可知下文的内容在讲如何缓解疼痛，故C选项“如何缓解疼痛”正确，A选项“如何承受疼痛”和D选项“如何停止疼痛”：文章没有提到，故错误。B选项“如何避免疼痛”：文章只是讲到通过打针避免疼痛，但这不是主要内容，故错误。因此C选项正确。2.语义推测题。根据第二段倒数第二句We can feel pain when the slightest thing is wrong with any part of our body.（当我们身体的任何部位出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛。），可知疼痛反映身体部位的情况，故D选项“我们感到疼痛时，代表我们的身体正在承受疼痛”正确。A选项“我们应该为我们的感觉偿还债务”：句意不通，故错误。B选项“如果我们有感觉就会受伤”：有感觉和受伤没有因果关系，故错误。C选项“我们的疼痛值得感受”：文章没有提到疼痛是否值得，故错误。因此D选项正确。3.语义推测题。根据第四段第三句By staying relaxed, and by treating the pain as an interesting sensation, we can handle the pain without falling apart.（保持放松，把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待，我们就能处理疼痛而不会崩溃。），可知个人对于疼痛的承受力可以改变，苦行僧就是一个例子，故C选项“有些人能够承受疼痛”正确。A选项“印度人一点也不怕疼痛”：苦行僧不等同于印度人，故错误。B选项“人们可能对痛苦毫无知觉”：上文说到我们的身体出了一点问题，我们都能感觉到疼痛，故错误。D选项“苦行僧有把针穿过他们手臂的魔法”：这不是苦行僧的魔法，只是他们对疼痛的耐受力比较高。没有提到。因此C选项正确。4.语义推测题。根据第四段第一句The big thing in withstanding pain is our attitude toward it.（在忍受痛苦的过程中，最重要的是我们对它的态度。），可知我们如何看待疼痛是最重要的，故A选项“我们如何看待疼痛”正确。B选项“尽可能多地感受疼痛”：文中没有提到，故错误。C选项“对疼痛感兴趣”：文中说的是treating the pain as an interesting sensation（把疼痛当作一种有趣的感觉来对待），而不是对疼痛本身感兴趣，故错误。D选项“不情愿地接受疼痛”：根据文章，自愿接受疼痛才是可行的，故错误。因此A选项正确。5.观点态度题。根据第四段最后一句After all, although pain is an unpleasant sensation, it is still a sensation, and sensations are the stuff of life.（毕竟，虽然疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它仍然是一种感觉，而感觉是生命的组成部分。），可知作者对疼痛持正向包容态度，认为疼痛是正常的，并不是多么可怕的坏事，故B选项“乐观的”正确。A选项“悲观的”，C选项“激进的”和D选项“讽刺的”都不符合题意，故错误。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Without careful investigation, never draw a conclusion since we need to have factual knowledge _ our thinking.问题1选项A.which to be based onB.which to base uponC.upon which to baseD.to which to be based【答案】C【解析】考查定语。句意：没有经过仔细调查，永远不会得出一个结论，因为我们需要事实性知识作为我们思考的基础。横线到句尾是修饰knowledge的定语，根据在事实性知识的基础上确定用upon knowledge，根据以事实性知识为基础是为了形成thinking，确定用不定式，C选项upon which to base正确。A选项which to be based on和D选项to which to be based不用被动语态，B选项which to base upon缺少upon，符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题By the late nineteenth century, the focus for the engineers and builders of tunnels was beginning to shift from Europe to the United States and especially New York, where the rivers encircling Manhattan captured the imagination of tunnelers and challenged their ingenuity. The first to accept the challenge was a somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin, who turned up in New York in the 1870s with a proposal to tunnel through the sit under the Hudson River between Manhattan and Jersey City.Haskin eventually abandoned the risky project. But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in 1902, working from both directions. McAdoos men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock, but with this obstacle surmounted the two headings met in 1904 and McAdoo donned oilskins to become the Hudsons first underwater bank-to-bank pedestrian. Worlds Work magazine proudly reported in 1906 that New York could now be described as a body of land surrounded by tunnels. Three one-way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River.1. According to the passage, DeWitt Clinton Haskin came from _.2. What does the author imply about De Witt Clinton Haskins background?3. According to the passage, when did William McAdoo begin to work on the Hudson River tunnel?4. According to the passage, the workers tunneling for William McAdoo were surprised to find which of the following where they were working?5. The quotation from Worlds Work magazine introduces facts about _.问题1选项A.Jersey CityB.EuropeC.CaliforniaD.New York问题2选项A.It did not qualify him to handle explosives.B.It was not something people knew much about.C.It included diverse work experiences.D.It included many inferior projects.问题3选项A.1870B.1902C.1904D.1906问题4选项A.OilB.SiltC.RockD.Shafts问题5选项A.cities that were building new tunnels to ManhattanB.peoples concern eve the weakening of the citys foundationC.the role of New York City in promoting engineeringD.the number of tunnels being built at the time【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin（有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特克林顿哈斯金），可知C选项“加利福尼亚”正确，A选项“泽西城”，B选项“欧洲”和D选项“纽约”错误。因此C选项正确。2.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句somewhat mysterious Californian named DeWitt Clinton Haskin（有点神秘的加利福尼亚人德威特克林顿哈斯金），可知B选项“人们对他了解不多”正确，A选项“他没有资格操作炸药”，C选项“有不同的工作经历”和D选项“有许多劣质的工程”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句But a company organized by William McAdoo resumed the attack in 1902, working from both directions.（但在1902年，威廉麦卡杜的公司恢复了工程，并且从两个方向开展修建工作。），可知B选项“1902年”正确，A选项“1870年”，C选项“1904年”和D选项“1906年”错误。因此B选项正确。4.事实细节题。根据第二段第三句McAdoos men were forced to blast when they ran into an unexpected ledge of rock（麦卡杜的工人出乎意料地撞到一块岩石时被迫爆破），可知C选项“岩石”正确，A选项“油”，B选项“淤泥”和D选项“竖井”错误。因此C选项正确。5.推理判断题。根据文章最后一、二句Three one-way shafts beneath the Hudson and two under the Harlem River were already holed through; three more Hudson tubes were being built. Eight separate tunnels were under construction beneath the East River.（在哈德逊河下面有三个单向井，哈勒姆河下面有两个竖井已经打通；另外三条哈德逊隧道正在建造中。在东河下方，八个独立的隧道正在建设中。），可知这里介绍的是D选项“当时正在修建的隧道数量”。A选项“正在修建通往曼哈顿的新隧道的城市”，B选项“人们担心城市基础的削弱”和C选项“纽约市在促进工程方面的作用”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。4. 翻译题1. To produce the same amount of electricity, China consumes four times as much energy as the world average. Since the outset of this century, increasing productivity while conserving energy has been one of the utmost concerns of the Chinese government.2. In the world of tomorrow, managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the firm. They dont have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies.3. If managers dont understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes. They will be losers, not winners.4. Even if you know the answer to a childs question, resist the impulse to respond quickly. leaving no opening for discussion. That reinforces the misconception that science is merely a set of facts stored in the heads of adults.5. Science is about explaining. Science is not just facts but the meaning that people give to theby weaving information into a story about how nature probably operates.【答案】1.为了产生等量的电流，中国的能源消耗是世界平均水平的四倍。从本世纪的开端起，提高生产率同时节约能源，这已经成为中国政府最关心的事情之一。2.在将来的世界里，不管管理者在公司有什么职位任务，他们都不能是技术文盲。他们没必要是发明新技术的科学家或工程师，但是，管理者必须清楚对新技术何时押注。3.如果管理者不清楚怎么回事以及技术能有效地成为“黑匣子”，那么，他们就不会做出改变。这样，他们将成为失败者而不是胜者。4.即使你知道孩子问题的答案，也不要冲动地快速做出回应，要给讨论余留空间。这强化了科学仅是一套储存在成人脑海的事实这一误解。5.科学关乎于解释。科学不仅包含事实，而且包含人们通过将信息编织成个关于自然如何运作的故事而给予它的意义。5. 单选题Those naughty boys were caught _flowers in the garden again.问题1选项A.to stealB.stealingC.having stolenD.to have stolen【答案】B【解析】考查现在分词的用法。现在分词放在另一动作之后，表示主语在进行谓语动向所表示的动作的同时正在进行另一个动作，此时现在分词对谓语动词起修饰或陪衬的作用。句意：那些淘气的男孩又在花园里偷花被抓了，因此根据句意B项为正确答案。catch的常见用法catch sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，转换为被动用法则是sb be caught doing sth，因此A和D项均错误；C项使用的是现在分词的完成式，与句意不符，故排除。6. 单选题She wanted to join the group of men _ was to explore the mysteries of the mountains.问题1选项A.their workB.who workC.whoD.whose work【答案】D【解析】考查后置定语从句。句意：她想加入从事探索山脉奥秘工作的那群人。句子主干是She wanted to join the group of men，后面的从句修饰横线前面的men，并且横线部分作从句主语，工作和人是从属关系，所以D选项whose work符合题意。其余选项语法错误。因此D选项正确。7. 单选题Without your help, _we so much.问题1选项A.didnt achieveB.would not have achievedC.will not achieveD.dont achieve【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。without引出虚拟语气，并且是对过去的事情进行虚拟，所以要用“would have done”。本句的意思是：“如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能取得这么大的成就。”8. 单选题Groups of police were _ all along the street where the Queen was to pass.问题1选项A.dispersedB.displacedC.dispensedD.discounted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispersed“分散”；B选项displaced“取代；移动位置”；C选项dispensed“分发”；D选项discounted“打折；不理会”。句意：成群的警察被_在女王要经过的街道上。这里A选项dispersed“分散”比较符合语境，指警察在街道上保护女王，符合题意。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题We must improve the farming method _ we may get high yields.问题1选项A.thereforeB.as.C.in order thatD.if【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项in order that“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面加句子。句意：_获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的，C选项in order that“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题The story was said to _ on the information from a reliable source.问题1选项A.being basedB.have been basedC.baseD.be based【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。句意：据说这篇报道所依据的消息来源可靠。根据谓语动词was确定事情已经发生，根据be based on确定保留be动词，确定用被动语态。结合be said to加完语态被动式表示动作已发生并且是被动语态，所以B选项have been based正确。11. 单选题Tall people earn considerably more money throughout their lives than their shorter co-workers, with each inch adding about $789 a year in pay, according to a new study. “Height （1） career success,” said professor Timothy Judge of University of Florida. “These findings are troubling in that, with a few （2） , such as professional basketball, no one could argue that height is something essential required for job （3） .” Judge points out.Judge analyzed results of four large-scale studies in the U.S. and Britain that followed thousands of participants from childhood to adulthood, examining details of their work and personal lives. “If you take this （4） the course of a 30-year career, were talking about literally hundreds of thousands of dollars of earnings （5） that a tall person enjoys,” Judge said.Greater height boosted subjective ratings of work performancea supervisors （6） of how effective someone isand（7）measures of performance, such as sales volume. Being tall may boost self-confidence, improving performance. Other people may also give higher （8）and greater respect to a tall person, giving them an edge in negotiating states, he says.The commanding influence of height may be a remainder of our evolutionary （9）. Maybe from a time when humans lived among animals and size was a sign of （10）power and strength used when making “fight or run” decisions.问题1选项A.makes outB.matters forC.takes onD.works in问题2选项A.exceptionsB.problemsC.examplesD.cases问题3选项A.operationB.conditionC.performanceD.environment问题4选项A.onB.toC.withD.over问题5选项A.deficiencyB.necessityC.advantageD.loss问题6选项A.evaluationB.judgeC.decisionD.imagination问题7选项A.relativeB.objectiveC.initiativeD.absolute问题8选项A.statueB.statusC.stateD.situation问题9选项A.sourcesB.organizationsC.originsD.courses问题10选项A.a sign ofB.a work atC.a hold onD.a time in【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:A第7题:B第8题:B第9题:C第10题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。A选项makes out“辨认出；理解；写出”；B选项matters for“关乎”；C选项takes on“承担；呈现”；D选项works in“在工作；插进；引进；掺和”。句意：身高_事业成功。前文说到个子高的人挣得比个子矮的人多，可知这里是指身高会极大地影响事业，B选项matters for“关乎”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2.考查名词辨析。A选项exceptions“例外”；B选项problems“问题”；C选项examples“例子”；D选项cases“情况”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，少数几个_，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作的必要条件。身高不是工作中的必要条件，根据语境，这里填A选项exceptions“例外”比较合理，意思指除了职业篮球运动员这些特定的职业，其他没有身高要求。因此A选项正确。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项operation“操作；经营”；B选项condition“条件；情况”；C选项performance“绩效；表现”；D选项environment“环境；外界”。句意：这些发现令人不安的是，除了少数几个例外，比如职业篮球运动员，没有人会说身高是工作_的必要条件。文章之前表达的是个子高的人挣得多，而工资和表现挂钩，所以这里C选项performance“绩效；表现”比较符合题意，意思指身高不是工作表现好的必要条件。因此C选项正确。4.考查介词用法。A选项on“在（某一天）”；B选项to“向；朝”；C选项with“具有；和”；D选项over“在期间”。句意：如果把这样的收入增长放到30年的职业生涯中来考虑，并把结果累加起来。根据语境，这里横线处引出后面the course of a 30-year career构成短语，D选项over“在期间”和course搭配比较合理。因此D选项正确。5.考查名词辨析。A选项deficiency“缺陷”；B选项necessity“必要；必需品”；C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”；D选项loss“损失”。句意：那就意味着高大的人可以享受数十万美元的收入_。根据语境，挣得多是优势，C选项advantage“优势，有利条件”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6.考查名词辨析。A选项evaluation“评价”；B选项judge“审判员；裁判员”；C选项decision“决定”；D选项imagination“想象”。句意：较高的身高会提高别人对你工作表现的主观评价，包括上司对你工作效率的_。根据语境，这里指上司对工作效率进行评价，A选项evaluation“评价”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7.考查形容词辨析。A选项relative“相关的”；B选项objective“客观的”；C选项initiative“初步的；基础的”；D选项absolute“绝对的；完全的”。句意：也会使衡量工作表现的_数字，比如销量有所提高。根据语境，这里像销量这样的因素是客观的，B选项objective“客观的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项statue“雕像”；B选项status“地位；（进展）状况”；C选项state“（某方面，某阶段的）情况”；D选项situation“（具体的）情况；处境”。句意：其他人可能也会给予高个子更高的_和更多的尊重，这使他们在谈判中具有优势。根据语境，这里是指高个子的人更容易受到尊重，B选项status“地位”比较符合题意。因此B选项正确。9.考查名词辨析。A选项sources“来源”；B选项organizations“组织”；C选项origins“起源”；D选项courses“课程；进程”。句意：身高的重要影响可能是我们进化_的余留。根据语境，C选项origins“起源”搭配evolutionary“进化”比较合理，指的是身高的影响来自于进化起源。因此C选项正确。10.考查固定搭配。A选项a sign of“的标志”；B选项a work at“的工作；作品”；C选项a hold on“的控制；影响”；D选项a time in“在的一段时间”。句意：也许从人类和动物生活在一起的时候起，体型就是力量和力量的_，在决定“战斗或逃跑”时使用。根据语境，这里指体型代表力量，所以A选项a sign of“的标志”符合题意。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题He had been ill for months, and we were disturbed by his _ complexion.问题1选项A.darkB.sallowC.fairD.white【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dark“黑暗的；深色的”；B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”；C选项fair“白皙的”；D选项white“白色的”。句意：他病了好几个月了，我们为他_而不安。根据语境，这里指生病许久，身体应该是虚弱的，B选项sallow“（人的皮肤或面色）蜡黄色的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题I _ at the maturity of such a young child.问题1选项A.surprisedB.marveledC.shockedD.moved【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项surprised“使感到意外”；B选项marveled“大为赞叹”；C选项shocked“惊愕；休克”；D选项moved“使感动”。句意：我对这样一个孩子的成熟感到_。根据语境，这里是指没想到这么小的小孩子竟然这么成熟，带着褒奖的意味，所以marveled“大为赞叹”符合题意。因此B选项正确。14. 单选题Many things _ impossible in the past are common today.问题1选项A.consideredB.to considerC.consideringD.being considered【答案】A【解析】考查后置定语。句意：许多过去认为不可能的事情在今天很常见。句子的主干是many things are common（许多事情很普遍），横线部分内容和impossible组合起来修饰many things，根据语境得知这里是指被认为不可能的许多事，属于被动语态，所以A选项considered符合题意，故正确。B选项to consider为不定式表示目的等，故错误。C选项considering表示主动语态，故错误。D选项being considered表示现在进行时的被动语态，故错误。因此A选项正确。15. 单选题Did you know that you could be sting on a fortune without even realizing it? If youre like most people, you have no idea that you probably have items of value put away that could put dollars in your pocket.Thats exactly why Tony Hyman, Ed.D., one of Americans top ten authorities on collectibles (收藏品) and the host of the #1 radio antiques and collectibles call-in Q & A show, wrote his book Trash or Treasure. “This book has only one purpose: to make money for its readers,” says Hyman, who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles, and has appeared on every major TV talk show.“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,” says Anita Gold, one of the countrys foremost columnists on collectibles. “Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”Elsie Gordon, from Florida, made $250 by going through the trash after her husband had cleaned out the garage. She originally thought that the old car parts and oily manuals shed rescued might be worth $10.Theres only one way to know you if what you have is trash or treasure. You have to ask a qualified expert. Thats why Dr. Hymans book is invaluable: It leads you straight to 1,200 specialty buyers who are actively looking for your dust-gatherers.Trash or Treasure, which has sold nearly 250,000 copies, is the only book of its kind. For it not only tells you what you have that could be of value, it tells you who to sell it to, where theyre located, and how to handle the transaction. All you have to do is fill out Sell-A-Gram included with the book.Trash or Treasure gives you all the information you need to trade in your trash for cash. Lets face it. You cant afford to pass up that opportunity.1. What does “authored” (Par. 2, last sentence) mean?2. From what Anta Gold said we can infer that _.3. What does “dust-gatherers” (Par.5, last sentence) mean?4. Which of the following is NOT included in the book?5. This text is likely to be _.问题1选项A.Been an authority on.B.Authorized.C.Given up the right to.D.Written.问题2选项A.you may lose a lottery ticket but you wont lose this bookB.you may spend money and get nothing back when you buy a lottery ticker but you can always get something back when you buy this bookC.you may be late for getting money from a lottery ticket but you cant when you buy this bookD.you may not do as well as others when you buy a lottery ticket but you will be as good as anybody else when you buy this book问题3选项A.Things on which dust gathers.B.People hired to help clear away the trash.C.People employed to empty the dustbin.D.Things one collects when gathering up trash.问题4选项A.Where the specialty buyers are located.B.What might be of value.C.When the specialty buyers handle transaction.D.Who would buy valuable collectibles.问题5选项A.a preface to a bookB.a book reviewC.advice provided by the social servicesD.an advertisement【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.语义推测题。authored意思为“写作；编写”。根据第二段最后一句who has authored 11 other books on selling collectibles（写了另外11本关于出售收藏品的书），这里authored搭配books，D选项“写”比较符合语境，也和authored词义相近。A选项“是某方面的权威”，B选项“批准，授权”和C选项“放弃权利”不符合题意。因此D选项正确。2.推理判断题。根据第三段“Trash or Treasure can make you rich,”“Its better than buying a lottery ticketyou cant lose with this book.”（“垃圾还是宝藏可以让你变得富有，”“这比买彩票好你不会因为拥有这本书而失去什么。”），文章写的是卖废品为财富，运用这本书的内容会让人增加财富，更不会因为这本书失去什么，所以B选项“你可能花了很多钱买彩票，却什么也得不到，