2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解47

2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题And the topic “fat” is forbidden. Even the slightest paunch betrays that one is losing the trim and（ ）of youth.问题1选项A.vagueB.vigorC.vogueD.vulgar【答案】B【解析】考查形似词辨析。vague “模糊的；含糊的”，形容词；vigor “活力；精力”，名词；vogue “时尚；流行”，名词；vulgar “粗俗的；通俗的”，形容词。句意：“肥胖”的话题被禁止了。即使是稍微隆起的小肚子都暴露出他正失去青春活力。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题The police detective put together the pieces of evidence to form one （ ）account.问题1选项A.sensitiveB.genuineC.expressiveD.coherent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词义辨析。sensitive “敏感的；感觉的”；genuine “真实的；真正的”；expressive “表现的；有表现力的”；coherent “连贯的；清晰的；一致的”。句意：这位警探将这些证据拼凑在一起形成一份连贯的报告。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题They were more than glad to leave their cars parked and walked（ ）for a change.问题1选项A.asB.forC.toD.by【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。 句意：他们更乐意去把车停放在某个地方，然后改为走路。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题The word for “The Da Vinci Code” is a rare invertible palindrome. Rotated 180 degrees on a horizontal axis so that it is upside down, it denotes the maternal essence that is sometimes linked to the sport of soccer. Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended. That word is wow.The author is Dan Brown (a name you will want to remember). In this gleefully erudite suspense novel, Mr. Brown takes the format he has been developing through three earlier novels and fine-tunes it to blockbuster perfection. Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops. Consider the new books prologue, set in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre. (This is the kind of book that notices that this one gallerys length is three times that of the Washington Monument). I embroils a Caravaggio, an albino monk and a curator in a fight to the death. Thats scene leaving little doubt that the author knows how to pique interest, as the curator, Jacques Sauniere, fights for his life.Desperately seizing the painting in order to activate the museums alarm system, Sauniere succeeds in buying some time. And he uses these stolen moments? Which are his last? To take off his clothes, draw a circle and arrange himself like the figure in Leonardos most famous drawing, “The Vitruvian Man. And to leave behind an anagram and Fibonaccis famous numerical series as clues.Whatever this is about, it is enough to summon Langdon, who by now, he blushes to recall, has been described in an adoring magazine article as “Harrison Ford in Harris tweed.” Langdons latest manuscript, which “proposed some very unconventional interpretations of established religious iconography which would certainly be controversial,” is definitely germane.Also soon on the scene is the cryptologist Sophie Neveu, a chip off the authors earlier prototypes: “Unlike the cookie-cutter blondes that adorned Harvard dorm room walls, this woman was healthy with an unembellished beauty and genuineness that radiated a striking personal confidence.” Even if he had not contrived this entire story as a hunt for the Lost Sacred Feminine essence, women in particular would love Mr. Brown.The book moves at a breakneck pace, with the author seeming thoroughly to enjoy his contrivances. Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger: not easy, considering the amount of plain old talking that gets done. And Sophie and Langdon are sent on the run, the better to chum up a thriller atmosphere. To their credit, they evade their pursuers as ingeniously as they do most everything else.When being followed via a global positioning system, for instance, it is smart to send the sensor flying out a 40-foot window and lead pursuers to think you have done the same. Somehow the book manages to reconcile such derring-do with remarks like, “And did you know that if you divide the number of female bees by the number of male bees in any beehive in the world, you always get the same number?”“The Da Vinci Code” is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters own cleverness. At one point Langdon is asked by his host whether he has hidden a sought-after treasure carefully enough. “Actually, Langdon says, unable to hide his grin, “that depends on how often you dust under your couch.”Why does the author use the word “wow” to describe the novel The Da Vinci Code?1.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?2.It can be inferred from the passage that Harry Potter is all the following EXCEPT（ ）.3.The major factor that contributes to the success of The Da Vinci Code is（ ）.4.The authors attitude towards “The Da Vince Code” is（ ）.问题1选项A.Because the word reads the same backwards.B.Because it is also linked to the sport of football.C.Because the novel is imbued with perplexing enigmas and smartly wrought.D.Because the novel is a bestseller.问题2选项A.Dan Brown, author of “The Da Vinci Code” has published so far four novelsB.The Da Vinci Code begins with a mysterious murder case in the Gallery of Louvre.C.In his earlier novels, Dan Brown has created characters like Sophie Neveu.D.The Da Vinci Code wins the popularity among women because Dan Brown is a fervent feminist.问题3选项A.It is also a bestseller around the worldB.It attracts readers with heart-throbbing suspenseC.It is characterized by hoax and unreliable plotsD.It has achieved immense popularity with readers问题4选项A.the engrossing prologueB.the depiction of the female protagonist Sophie NeveuC.the breakneck pace and a cliffhanger at the end of almost every chapterD.the colorful description of the cleverness of the characters问题5选项A.criticalB.indifferentC.affirmativeD.sarcastic【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】第1题:推理判断题。题目问的是“作者为什么要用wow这个词来描述达芬奇密码？”文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“这部小说简明地传递出一种极大的热情，充满谜语、密码破译以及令人兴奋的惊险小说，值得推荐”（Read right side up, it concisely conveys the kind of extreme enthusiasm with which this riddle-filled, code-breaking, exhilaratingly brainy thriller can be recommended），而wow可以作为感叹词，表示极大的惊奇或钦佩，选项C“因为这部小说充满令人费解的谜且写法巧妙”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章内容可知以下哪个描述是错误的？”文章中并没有提及这部小说的作者是一个女权主义者，因此，选项D“达芬奇密码非常受女性欢迎，是因为作者是一位热情的女权主义者”符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。题目问的是“下列关于哈利波特的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到“自从哈利波特面世以来，没有一个作者能够如此明目张胆地引导读者到喘不过气地追赶上”（Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops），因此选项C“以恶作剧和不可信的内容为特色”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“达芬奇密码成功的主要原因是什么？”文章第二段提到自从哈利波特面世以来，没有一个作者能够如此明目张胆地引导读者到喘不过气的追赶上”（Not since the advent of Harry Potter has an author so flagrantly delighted in leading readers on a breathless chase and coaxing them through hoops），由此可知哈利波特这部小说情节发展很快；文章倒数第三段提到“这部书几乎每张都有一个吊人胃口的结局”（Virtually every chapter ends with a cliffhanger），由此可知选项C“迅速发展的情节和吊人胃口的结尾”符合题意。第5题:观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对达芬奇密码的观点是什么？”文章最后一段第一句话提到“达芬奇密码足够自信甚至去打趣人物自己的聪明”（“The Da Vinci Code” is breezy enough even to make fun of its characters own cleverness），选项C“肯定的”符合题意。5. 单选题Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has（ ）Germanys Touring Car Championship.问题1选项A.conqueredB.contestedC.dominatedD.determined【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conquer “战胜；征服”；contest “争辩；争论”；dominate “控制；支配”；determine “确定；判决”。句意：由于质量卓越，因此在过去的两年里，奥迪车已经统治了房车锦标赛。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Large, multinational corporations may be the companies whose ups and downs seize headlines. But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories. Small businesses, defined as those with fewer than 100 workers, now employ nearly 60 percent of the work force and are expected to generate half of all new jobs between now and the year 2000. Some 1.2 million small firms have opened their doors over the past six years of economic growth, and 1989 will see an additional 200,000 entrepreneurs striking off on their own.Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared. Idealists will overestimate the clamor for their products or fail to factor in the competition. Nearly everyone will underestimate, often fatally, the capital that success requires. Midcareer executives, forced by a takeover or a restructuring to quit the corporation and find another way to support themselves, may savor the idea of being their own boss but may forget that entrepreneurs must also, at least for a while, be bookkeeper and receptionist, too. According to Small Business Administration data, 24 of every 100 businesses starting out today are likely to have disappeared in two years, and 27 more will have shut their doors four years from now. By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded. A new study of 3,000 small businesses, sponsored by American Express and the National Federation of Independent Business, suggests slightly better odds: Three years after start-up, 77 percent of the companies surveyed were still alive. Most credited their success in large part to having picked a business they already were comfortable in. Eighty percent had worked with the same product or service in their last jobs.Thinking through an enterprise before the launch is obviously critical. But many entrepreneurs forget that a firms health in its infancy may be little indication of how well it will age. You must tenderly monitor its pulse. In their zeal to expand, small-business owners often ignore early warning signs of a stagnant market or of decaying profitability. They hopefully pour more and more money into the enterprise, preferring not to acknowledge eroding profit margins that mean the market for their ingenious service or product has evaporated, or that they must cut the payroll or vacate their lavish offices. Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save.Frequent checks of your firms vital signs will also guide you to a sensible rate of growth. To snatch opportunity, you must spot the signals that it is time to conquer new markets, add products or perhaps franchise your hot idea.1.According to the passage, a countrys economy is probably decided by（ ）.2.In order to succeed in a business, the entrepreneur should（ ）.3.Which of the following statements about small business is not true?4.What does the last sentence in the 3rd paragraph mean according to the passage?5.Whats the main idea of this passage?问题1选项A.the prosperity and decline of the transnational corporationsB.the rise and fall of the markets and products as well as capitalC.the fate of the small businesses such as small plants and restaurantsD.the economic increase and decrease of the large companies问题2选项A.get very well prepared for his new businessB.choose a business hes already familiar withC.examine the companys crucial signs now and thenD.invest as much as possible into his enterprise问题3选项A.It helps effectively to fight unemployment.B.The earlier it starts, the sooner it collapses.C.Theres good omen for small business according to a survey.D.Some small business owners are blind to early premonition of failure.问题4选项A.The patient is seriously ill because of lack of water in the well.B.The patient can be saved if he has enough money to solve the financial problem.C.Its too late for small business owners to realize the gravity of the problem because they have used up their money.D.Its urgent for small business owners to pour all their money into the enterprise to revitalize their business.问题5选项A.How to become a winner in small business?B.How to be a successful boss in a multinational corporation?C.How to deal with the ups and downs in small business?D.How to conquer new markets and gain the largest profit?【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知一个国家的经济可能由什么决定？”文章第一段第二句话提到“但是远远超过大多数美国人了解的是美国的经济活力靠的是小商店、饭店、居民服务和工厂”（But to a far greater extent than most Americans realize, the economys vitality depends on the fortunes of tiny shops and restaurants, neighborhood services and factories），选项C符合题意。第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“为了能成功，企业应该怎么做？”文章第二段第一句话提到“大多数先锋企业因为没有前期准备进行开拓进取”（Too many of these pioneers, however, will blaze ahead unprepared），接着又提到“到1995年，60%的这些企业倒闭”（By 1995, more than 60 of those 100 start-ups will have folded），说明没做好准备的企业坚持不了很长时间，而要想成功，必须做好准备，选项A “为自己的新生意做好十足准备”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于对小企业的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到60%的先锋企业倒闭是因为没有做好准备，并不是因为它们开始得早，所以选项B“开始得越早，倒闭得越快”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段最后一句话的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句话提到“只有当资金源泉干涸时，他们才看到问题的严重性，而那个时候，这个病人（即小企业）已经无药可救了”（Only when the financial well runs dry do they see the seriousness of the illness, and by then the patient is usually too far gone to save），因此选项C“小企业老板用光了钱之后才意识到问题，但是已经为时已晚”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要讲述了小企业如何建立、又如何因为没有提前意识到问题而破产、如何成功发展小企业等问题，选项A“如何在小企业中成为胜利者”符合题意。7. 单选题The first navigational lights in the New World were probably lanterns hung at harbor entrances. The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor. Paid for and maintained by “light dues” levied on ships, the original beacon was blown up in 1776. By then there were only a dozen or so true lighthouses in the colony. Little over a century later, there were 700 lighthouses.The first light erected on the West Coast in the 1850s featured the same basic New England design: a Cape Cod dwelling with the tower rising from the center or standing close by. In New England and elsewhere, though, lighthouses reflected a variety of architectural styles. Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule. Some were made of stone and brick, others of wood or metal. Some stood on pilings or stilts; some were fastened to rock with iron rods. Farther south, from Maryland through the Florida Keys, the coast was low and sandy. It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country.Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn). They also had something else in common: a keeper and, usually the keepers family. The keepers essential task was trimming the lantern wick in order to maintain a steady, bright flame. The earliest keepers came from every walk of life - they were seamen, farmers, mechanics, rough mill hands and appointments were often handed out by local customs commissioners as political plums. After the administration of lighthouses was taken over in 1852 by the United States Lighthouse Board, an agency of the Treasury Department, the keeper corps gradually became highly professional.1.What is the best title for the passage?2.Why does the author mention the Massachusetts Bay Colony?3.It can be inferred from the passage that lighthouses in the Northeast did not need high towers because（ ）.4.According to the passage, where can the tallest brick lighthouse in the United States be found?5.In the second sentence of paragraph 3, which of the following does the word “They” refer to?问题1选项A.The Lighthouse on Little Brewster IslandB.The Life of a Lighthouse KeeperC.Early Lighthouses in the United StatesD.The Modern Profession of Lighthouse-Keeping问题2选项A.It was the headquarters of the United States Lighthouse Board.B.Many of the tallest lighthouses were built there.C.The first lantern wicks were developed there.D.The first lighthouse in North America was built there.问题3选项A.ship there had high mastsB.coastal waters were safeC.the coast was straight and unobstructedD.the lighthouse were built on high places问题4选项A.Little Brewster IslandB.The Florida KeysC.Cape HatterasD.Cape Cod问题5选项A.LighthousesB.DifferencesC.QuartersD.Feature【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“以下哪个最适合做文章的标题？”。文章主要介绍了新世界早期的灯塔建设、特点还有发展，所以选项C“美国早期的灯塔”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。题目问的是“为什么作者要提到马萨诸塞湾殖民地？”文章第一段提到“第一个灯塔是马萨诸塞湾殖民地1716年在波士顿港湾的入口小布鲁斯特岛建造的”（The first lighthouse was put up by Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1716 on Little Brewster Island at the entrance to Boston Harbor），由此可知，选项D“北美第一个灯塔是在那里建立的”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“从文章中可知东北部的灯塔不需要高塔的原因是什么？”文章第二段提到“由于东北部的大多数灯塔都是修建在岩石高地上，所以那里一般没有很大的高塔”（Since most stations in the Northeast were built on rocky eminences, enormous towers were not the rule），因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知美国最高的用砖头修建的灯塔在哪里？”文章第二段提到“在那里需要修建高的灯塔，比如1870年修建的位于北卡罗莱纳州哈特拉斯角处的宏伟灯塔那样的大型建筑。高190英尺，是这个国家最高的用砖头修建的灯塔”（It was often necessary to build tall towers there massive structures like the majestic Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, lighthouse, which was lit in 1870. At 190 feet, it is the tallest brick lighthouse in the country），因此选项C符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段第二句话中的they指什么？”文章第三段第一句话提到“尽管在外表和结构上大部分美国灯塔有几个共同特征：有灯、生活住所和一个钟表（之后用的是喇叭）”（Notwithstanding differences in appearance and construction, most American lighthouses shared several features: a light, living quarters and sometimes a bell (or, later; a foghorn)）；第三段第二句话提到“它们还有别的共同点”（they also had something else in common），从这里可知they指的是前面的lighthouse。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题The State Council will lay down new rules that aim to make management compatible with internationally accepted conventions.问题1选项A.conferencesB.conversationsC.practicesD.formations【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：国务院将制定新的规则来使得管理与国际惯例一致。conference “会议”；conversation “（非正式） 交谈，谈话”；practice “实践，惯例”；formation “组成”。根据前面的 “lay down new rules” 可推测出划线单词的意思是“规则”，因此选项C符合题意。9. 单选题John Fisher, a builder, and his wife Elizabeth wanted more living space, so they left their small flat for an old-metre-high castle tower. They have spent five years turning it into a beautiful home with six floors, winning three architectural prizes.“I love the space, and being private，” Elizabeth says. “You feel separated from the world. If Im in the kitchen, which is 25 metres above the ground floor, and the doorbell rings, I dont have to answer it because visitors cant see Im in!”“There are 142 steps to the top, so if I go up and down five or six times a day, its very good exercise! But having to carry heavy things to the top is terrible, so I never buy more than two bags of shopping from the supermarket at a time. Apart from that, its a brilliant place to live.”“When we first saw the place, I asked my fathers advice about buying it, because we couldnt decide. After paying for it, we were a bit worried because it looked awful. But we really loved it, and knew how we wanted it to look.”“Living here can be difficult-yesterday I climbed a four metre ladder to clean the windows. But when you stand on the roof you can see all the way out to sea on a clear day, and thats a wonderful experience. Im really glad we moved.”1.What is the writer trying to do in the text?2.From this text, a reader can find out（ ） .3.Which of the following best describes Elizabeths feelings about the tower?4.What problem does Elizabeth have with living in such a tall building?5.How will John and Elizabeth advertise their tower if they sell it?问题1选项A.Describe how to turn an old tower into a house.B.Recommend a particular builder.C.Describe what it is like to live in a tower.D.Explain how to win prizes for building work.问题2选项A.why visitors are not welcome at John and Elizabeths house