2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解21

2022年考博英语-南开大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Hotel rooms must be （ ） by noon, but luggage may be left with the porter.问题1选项A.departedB.abandonedC.vacatedD.displaced【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。depart“离开，出发”;abandon“放弃，遗弃”;vacate“空出，腾出”;displace“取代，转移”。句意:旅馆的房间必须在中午前空出来，但行李可以交给行李搬运工。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Although Venus is the nearest planet of the Earth, little is known about it because it is （ ） covered by thick clouds.问题1选项A.closelyB.curiouslyC.regularlyD.constantly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly 有规律地；constantly不断地，时常地。句意：尽管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题Cosmic rays of various kinds come through the air from outer space, but enormous quantities of radiation from the sun are（ ）off.问题1选项A.avoidedB.excludedC.separatedD.screened【答案】D【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免, 躲避”;excluded“排除, 驱逐”;separated“分开, 隔开”;screen “筛, 过滤, 屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球, 但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题The liberal arts education asks that we confront our unexamined world view with historical understanding, new theories and intercultural （ ） .问题1选项A.prospectsB.perspectivesC.aspectsD.respects【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬, 尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体, 指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体, 指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。5. 单选题I recently conducted a survey to see what people thought and knew about Martin Luther King, Jr. I did this by bringing up the subject of MLK Day in casual conversations with people and gauging their reaction. (The sampling was 23 friends, colleagues, and strangers; 10 Black, 9 White, 3 Hispanic, 1 Asian; 4 were between the ages 42 -35 and 19 were 34 -20. ) All knew King as the famous black civil rights leader who was killed, but few knew much more. The majority of people under 30regardless of raceknew little more, in fact.How is it that Jill (black, 27, college educated) did not know that MLK was a Nobel Peace Prize recipient? Or that Tim (white, 31, college educated) was clueless about Kings nonviolent approach to civil rights activism?Darlene (black, 23) thought she should have the day off to sleep in. She had no idea the MLK day is really about doing something to inspire others.What is the point of having a day to mark the man if we do not understand the significance of his life? How is it that not only one of the greatest Americans, but one of the most influential humans in the history of our planet is not better known in this country? Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.Martin Luther King, Jr. was more than just an inspirational black leader. His desire and ability to rise above his own failings and those of fellow humans uplifted us allboth those who were living at the time and those who have come after. Even if we do not know it, our world is a better place because of his light.Dr. Kings life was extinguished more than 30 years ago, but not his light. It is still here for each of us to carry, and to illuminate even brighter with our own unique creativity and contributions.Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15,1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. After graduating from Morehouse College and becoming a minister, he made his way to Montgomery, Alabama in 1954. This was an important decision for it was in the same city that, on December 1 of the following year, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. King was elected president of the Montgomery Improvement Association and led a boycott of Montgomery buses throughout 1956, which brought him national recognition.Kings legacy of non-violent activism was influenced by the teachings of Jesus and Gandhi. King reinforced and expanded his Biblical convictions during a visit to India in 1959, where he studied Gandhis methods of non-violent protests during the early 1960s.A gifted orator, King ignited the world and a generation in the cause for American civil rights with his “I Have a Dream” speech on Aug 28 1963 to a crowd of 250 000 in Washington, D. C.“We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. We must not allow our creative protests to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force”.“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.”.“When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of Gods children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”Dr. King received the Nobel Peace Prize and was named Time magazines “Person of the Year” in 1964. In his Nobel Prize acceptance speech, he said, “Non-violence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time: the need for man to overcome oppression and violence without resorting to oppression and violence. Man must evolve for all human conflicts a method which rejects revenge, aggression and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love.”King was one of the most extraordinary humans to ever grace our planet. He was a man who met hate and hopeless with love and inspiration. He used non-violence to point out the obscenity of violence.Martin Luther King was gunned down at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis on April 4, 1968. Some call it irony. I choose to think of it as his final lesson to us.1.The Purpose of the author in writing the passage is to （ ） .2.“Had King been a football player or a musician, he may have registered better with the present generation.” (Para. 4) can be best interpreted as “ （ ） ”.3.According to Dr. King, what is the solution to major political and moral problems?4.Which of the following statements about Martin Luther King, Jr. is true?5.The overall tone of the article can be best summarized as （ ） .问题1选项A.condemn the terrorist action of Martin Luther King, Jr.s assassinationB.honor Martin Luther King, Jr. since MLK Day is drawing nearC.criticize the present generations for their ignorance of Dr. KingD.highlight the significance of the beliefs and spirit of Dr. King问题2选项A.King is not remembered by the present generation as a football player or a musicianB.The present generation is ignorant of King who gave his life for the peoples of the worldC.If King had turned to music or sports he would have been more successfulD.It is meaningless to have a day to mark King since he is not famous enough问题3选项A.Non-violence.B.Armed struggle.C.Violent activism.D.Believing in God.问题4选项A.His Nobel Prize acceptance speech was the famous “I Have a Dream” speech.B.He was the first one who adopted a non-violent approach in political struggle.C.He had a firm belief in God, which helped to form his non-violent activism.D.He was named “Person of the Year” because of his “I Have a Dream” speech.问题5选项A.emotionalB.furiousC.indifferentD.matter-of-fact【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合文章内容可知, 本文提到马丁路德金不仅仅是一位伟大的黑人领袖, 更重要的是他的信念和精神一直鼓舞着人们。作者写这篇文章的目的不是为了谴责刺杀马丁路德金的恐怖主义和人们对他的无知，也不仅仅只是为了纪念他，最主要的还是强调其信念和精神的重要性，所以选项D正确。2.推理判断题。这句话的意思是说“如果马丁路德金是一位足球员或者音乐家, 他可能会被现在的人所记住。”潜在的意思就是说, 马丁路德金没有被当代人所记住, 由第三段也可以看出，所以选项B正确。3.事实细节题。根据倒数第三段的第二句“Non-violence is the answer to the crucial political and moral questions of our time.”非暴力是我们这个时代解决政治和道德问题的关键。选项A符合原文。4.细节判断题。本题可采用排除法。“我有一个梦想”不是马丁路德金获得诺贝尔奖发表的演讲，而是在引导美国民权运动时发表的，所以选项A错误；马丁路德金的非暴力行动主义是受耶稣和甘地教义的影响, 由此可知他不是第一人, 所以选项B错误, 选项C表述正确;马丁路德金被评为“年度人物”不是由于他的演讲，而是因为他为人类的和平和发展做出的杰出贡献, 所以选项D也不正确。只有选项C正确。5.态度判断题。结合全文可知，作者只是客观的陈述事实，没有掺杂个人情感色彩。所以选项D正确。6. 单选题Green means healthy outside of hospitals, too. Office workers with nature views are more （1 ）about their jobs, less frustrated, in better health and more satisfied with their （2 ） , according to one study. According to another, prison inmates whose cells looked out on farm fields needed far less health care than those whose cells faced a （3 ） internal courtyard. Psychologists have found that exposure （4 ） trees, streams and other natural features improves concentration, creativity and emotional functioning. In one study. Frances Kuo, PhD, a psychologist who （5 ） the Landscape and Human Health Laboratory at the University of Illinois, and her colleagues showed that 20-minute walks across leafy city parks eases ADHD （6 ） in kids. A few years ago, Kuo and her research partners tested children in a high-rise Chicago public-housing project to see if a view of nature from their apartments helped them psychologically. （7 ） with girls who looked out on brick and asphalt, girls who saw trees from their windows concentrated better, acted less （8 ） and were more able to delay gratification. That （9 ） better self-discipline, Kuo says, which could help girls better handle the （10 ） that come their way as they grow up in the projects. The Illinois researchers also showed that areas of the public-housing project with trees and grass had lower levels of crime, （11 ） violence, noise, litter and graffiti (涂鸦). “When you put all these things together, its a picture of a healthier neighborhood,” Kuo say. Greener neighborhoods may even improve the （12 ） physical health of their residents. Dutch scientists cross checked the self-reported health of 10, 000 people with the greenness of their neighborhoods. After （13 ） for their income, age and other factors that affect health, they found that people in greener neighborhoods were healthier. In another study, elderly Tokyo residents were significantly more likely to survive （14 ） another five years if their neighborhood （15 ）walkable parks and tree-lined streets.问题1选项A.keenB.eagerC.zealousD.enthusiastic问题2选项A.livesB.aliveC.liveD.living问题3选项A.blightB.bleakC.bleachD.blemished问题4选项A.forB.toC.fromD.at问题5选项A.directsB.improvesC.helpsD.satisfies问题6选项A.frustrationB.featuresC.emotionsD.symptoms问题7选项A.ComparingB.CompareC.ComparedD.To compare问题8选项A.inpulsivelyB.dispulsivelyC.impulsivelyD.unpulsively问题9选项A.amount up toB.adds up toC.is up toD.lives up to问题10选项A.challengesB.careerC.professionsD.task问题11选项A.domesticB.forensicC.explicitD.metropolitan问题12选项A.totallyB.partialC.overallD.whole问题13选项A.accountB.accountingC.accountedD.having accounting问题14选项A.fromB.inC.upD.for问题15选项A.retainedB.attainedC.detainedD.contained【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:A第12题:C第13题:B第14题:D第15题:D【解析】（1）固定搭配。be enthusiastic about为固定搭配，表示“热衷于, 对.充满热情”。keen后面一般接on；eager一般与to搭配；zealous一般与for搭配。所以选项D正确。（2）名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指对他们的生活感到更满意。只有选项A表示生活；alive“活着的”；live“活的，直播的”；living表示“生计，生活方式，生存之道”。所以选项A正确。（3）形容词词义辨析。blight“枯萎，荒芜”；bleak“阴冷的, 荒凉的”；bleach“漂白”；blemished “有瑕疵的, 有污点的”。根据句意可知填空处应为形容词修饰花园。只有选项B符合原文。（4）固定搭配。Exposure通常与to搭配, 表示“暴露于”。原文指的是处于某种环境中，所以选项B正确。（5）动词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指管理实验室的心理学家，选项A符合原文语境。（6）名词词义辨析。根据句意：在树木繁茂的城市公园散步20分钟可以缓解儿童多动症的症状。选项D符合原文语境。（7）语法知识。考查comparing with和compared with的区别。当句子的主语是被比较的对象时, 用compared with；当句子的主语是比较动作的发出者时, 用comparing with。句中的主语为girls，为被比较的对象, 所以用compared。选项C正确。（8）形容词词义辨析。根据原文句意：看到树木的女孩们注意力更加集中, 行为不那么冲动。选项中只有impulsively表示 “易冲动的”。其他三个选项均拼写错误。所以选项C正确。（9）动词词组辨析。amount up to“至多”;add up to“总计达”;is up to“从事;忙于”;live up to“实现, 达到”。根据原文可知，本句是对上一句的递进说明，表示还会提高自律性。选项D正确。（10）名词词义辨析。根据句意：这可以帮助她们更好地处理成长过程中遇到的挑战。选项A符合原文语境。（11）固定搭配。domestic violence 为固定搭配，表示“家庭暴力”。（12）形容词词义辨析。根据原文可知，这里指提高居民整体的健康状况。totally完全地；partial局部地；overall全部的，强调全面综合的；whole完整的，强调事物完好无缺。所以选项C更恰当。（13）语法知识。此处考查动词account的各种形式。空格前面是介词after，所以后面只能接名词，代词或动名词，所以空格处应该是用动名词形式。选项B正确。（14）介词搭配。survive与for搭配使用, 表示“存活”, 后一般跟时间。选项D正确。（15）语法理解题。retained保留，保存； attained获得，达到；detained扣留；contained包含。根据句意：”如果东京的老年居民所在的社区有可步行的公园和绿树成荫的街道.”可知，选项D更符合语境。7. 单选题As a way of （ ） the mails while they were away, the Johnsons asked the cleaning lady to send little printed slips asking the senders to write again later.问题1选项A.picking upB.coping withC.passing outD.getting across【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。pick up捡起，获得；cope with处理，应付；pass out昏倒，分发；get across通过，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。8. 单选题I took someone elses book（ ）mistake.问题1选项A.inB.forC.withD.by【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。by mistake为固定短语, 意为“错误地, 由于差错”。句意:由于差错, 我拿了别人的书。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题They advised their clients to （ ） with another company.问题1选项A.mergeB.engageC.emergeD.submerge【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。merge with合并，与.联合；engage with交战，与.接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Making private phone calls on the office phone is severely （ ） on in our country.问题1选项A.criticizedB.regardedC.objectedD.frowned【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。11. 单选题Reporters and photographers alike took great （ ） at the rude way the actor behaved during the interview.问题1选项A.annoyanceB.offenceC.resentmentD.irritation【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。take offence at sth.表示“对.感到生气”。句意:记者和摄影师都对演员在采访中的粗鲁行为感到十分生气。irritation一般与feel搭配，所以选项B正确。12. 单选题It goes without saying that people who refuse to （ ） with the law will be punished.问题1选项A.complyB.concealC.consentD.abide【答案】A【解析】动词搭配。comply with“遵守, 顺从”;conceal“隐藏, 隐瞒”;consent“同意, 赞成”;abide“持续, 忍受”。句意:不用说, 拒绝遵守法律的人都将受到惩罚。选项A符合句意。13. 单选题To plagiarize is simply “to use without （ ） credit the ideas, expressions, or productions of (another),” and this is remarkably easy to do unintentionally.问题1选项A.dueB.necessaryC.importantD.vital【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:剽窃很简单，就是“未经允许或授权就使用(他人的)创意，表达或作品”，而这很容易在无意中发生。due “应付的, 应得的”, due credit为常用搭配，表示“应得的荣誉, 应得的信任”, without due credit在这里引申为“未经允许或授权”。选项A正确。14. 单选题The mayor is a woman with great（ ） therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。intention 意图，目的；instinct本能，直觉；integrity正直，廉正；intensity强度，紧张。句意：市长是一位非常廉正的女性，因此值得我们给予政治上和财政上的支持。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题The actual cost of the building was much higher than our original （ ） .问题1选项A.considerationB.judgmentC.estimateD.plan【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断, 辨别力”;estimate“估计, 判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to （ ） myself of every chance to improve my English.问题1选项A.assureB.informC.availD.notify【答案】C【解析】副词词义辨析。根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。17. 单选题Nobody knows what triggered the event, which （ ） a million cubic meters of water per second, obliterating the barrier between Britain and France.问题1选项A.relievedB.releasedC.restoredD.retained【答案】B【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve“解除, 减轻”;release“释放, 发射”;restore“恢复, 修复”;retain“保持, 记住”。句意:谁也不知道是什么引发了这次事件, 它每秒释放一百万立方米的水, 冲毁了英法之间的屏障。选项B符合此处语境。18. 单选题Mary didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题Most people cant get （ ）the day without at least one cup of tea or coffee.问题1选项A.onB.overC.throughD.by【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。句意:没有一杯茶或者咖啡, 大多数人都无法清醒地过完这一天。get through表示“度过, 熬过”。所以选项C正确。20. 单选题Both television commercials and programs present （ ） view of the material world, one which promotes a standard of living that most of us can probably not attain.问题1选项A.a standardizedB.an unrealisticC.a betterD.an interesting【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据下句“most of us can probably not attain”可推测，这个观点是不切实际的，所以选项B符合语境。