考研考博-考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题含答案20

考研考博-考博英语-桂林理工大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题I know cold. And all you Minnesota people may discount me because I am from Phoenix, but trust me, I know cold. I have climbed the highest peak on each continent (the famed Seven Summits) and have skied to both the North and South Poles a feat known as the Adventure Grand Slam. Each mountain and polar expedition was very different with the exception of one thing: the cold.Of all the remote places I have been, Antarctica land of the frozen tundra is perhaps my favorite. It also happens to be the coldest place on earth. The continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock. Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below. I have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif and once to ski six-hundred miles from the edge of the western Antarctic ice shelf all the way to the South Pole. “Why would you want to suffer like that” is a question I get all the time. And sure, there are times when you are feeling like you want to take a break from the frigid conditions and go inside the lodge and get a cup of hot cocoa. but you cant. There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica. Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates (unless you are on a solo trip no thanks) and the cold. So you make peace with the sub-zero temperatures, because youre going to be in them for the better part of two months.So thinking back on my experiences heres why you should be okay with a couple of days of polar vortex because 1) you can go inside, and 2) because it makes you smarter or at least smarter than the warm weather does. Yep. Good news for those in cities affected by the vortex: cold weather can actually be really good for you. Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold. According to an article by Adrian Ward that appeared in Scientific American, it takes more energy to cool your body when its hot than it does to warm it up when youre cold. The energy comes from glucose. which is also necessary for the brains mental processes. So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain. Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain. Quick everyone go take the MENSA test before the temperature warms up again!1. What do the mountains the author has climbed have in common?2. What can we learn about Antarctica?3. What is not available in the middle of Antarctica?4. Why is cold weather better for the brain?5. We can learn from the test that the MENS A test is a kind of_.问题1选项A.They are all located in the North Pole.B.They are all located in the South Pole.C.They have the same elevations.D.They are all very frigid.问题2选项A.There is about 98% water and 2% ice.B.The temperatures there can reach 128 degree centigrade.C.It is the second coldest place on earth.D.There is a mountain called Vinson Massif.问题3选项A.Ski lodge.B.Sled.C.Supplies.D.Camera.问题4选项A.Because you can burn more fat when it is cold.B.Because you can go inside ski lodges and take a break when it is cold.C.Because you can leave more glucose for the brain when it is cold.D.Because the energy you need for the brain comes from ice.问题5选项A.psychiatric testB.intelligence testC.personality testD.admission test【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。定位到第一段最后一句话Each mountain and polar expedition was very differentwith the exception of one thing: the cold.“每一个山脉和极地探险都非常不同除了一件事：寒冷”从这里可以知道答案选D选项“他们都非常寒冷”；A选项“它们都位于北极”，定位到第一段第三句话have skied to both the North and South Poles“曾经南极和北极都滑过”，从这里可知A属于反向干扰；B选项“它们都位于南极”，见A选项，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“他们有相同的海拔高度”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2.事实细节题。定位到第二段第五句话have been there twice; once to climb the Vinson Massif“到过这两次；有一次去爬文森山”，从这里可知D选项“那有一座山叫文森山”正确；A选项“大约98%是水，2%是冰”，定位到第二段第三句话The continent is approximately 98 percent ice and 2 percent rock.“这块大陆大约98%是冰，2%是岩石”，从这里可知A选项错误，属于反向干扰；B选项“那里的温度可以达到128摄氏度”，定位到第二段第四句话Temperatures in the winter have reached 128-below.“冬天的气温已经达到零下128度”从关键词below可知B选项错误，属于反向干扰；C选项“它是地球上第二冷的地方”，第二段第二句话It also happens to be the coldest place on earth.“它也是地球上最冷的地方”，从这里可知C选项错误，属于反向干扰。3.事实细节题。定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica.“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，从这里可知答案选A“滑雪旅馆”；B选项“雪橇”，定位到第二段倒数第二句话Theres just you, your 1501b sled which is harnessed to your waist (containing all of your gear and supplies), your teammates and the cold.“只有你，腰间系着1501b雪橇(包括你所有的装备和补给)，你的队友，还有寒冷”，从这里可知B选项不符合题意，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“补给”，见B选项，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“照相机”文章没有提及属于无中生有。4.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段倒数第三句So basically, cooling off when it is hot uses more glucose than warming up when its cold; thus leaving less available glucose for the brain.“所以基本上，在热的时候降温比在冷的时候升温需要更多的葡萄糖；这样就减少了大脑可用的葡萄糖”，从这里可知答案选C“因为冷的时候你可以给大脑留下更多的葡萄糖”；A选项“因为天气冷的时候可以燃烧更多的脂肪”，定位到最后一段第四句话Not just because you burn more fat when its cold, but because your brain works better when its cold.“这不仅是因为你在冷的时候燃烧了更多的脂肪，还因为你的大脑在冷的时候工作得更好”，从这里可知这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；B选项“因为天气冷的时候你可以去滑雪小屋休息一下”，定位到第二段倒数第三句There is no ski lodge in the middle of Antarctica“南极洲中部没有滑雪旅馆”，这不是大脑在冷环境中运行的更好的原因，这里属于出处错误；D选项“因为你大脑所需的能量来自冰”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。5.推理判断题，寻找句内线索，定位到文章最后一段倒数第二句Therefore, we can assume that cold weather is better for the brain.“因此，我们可以假设寒冷的天气对大脑更好”，这里说完冷的环境对大脑运行有利就赶紧督促别人去考MENS，就说明这考试与大脑也就是智力有关，所以答案选B“智力测试”；A选项“心理测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；C选项“性格测试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“入学考试”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。2. 填空题Directions: In each of the following sentences, there is one part that is grammatically incorrect. Mark out the erroneous part and then put the correct form in the brackets following the sentence.36. Basing on the research of the foreign language, this paper concludes the ways to learn English well. （ ）37. Nations, sensing a threat of their economies, tried to take actions to protect themselves. （ ）38. The fund was designed to encouraging the growth of international trade by stabilizing currencies. （ ）39. How many life insurance does the average person buy? （ ）40. Sports in America take a various of forms: organized competitive struggles, athletic games and hunting and fishing. （ ）【答案】36.basingbased37.economieseconomy38.encouragingencourage39.manymuch40.variousvariety【解析】36.非谓语动词应该和句子的主语保持一定的逻辑关系，现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动，发出base这个动作的施动者是人，所以应该使用过去分词-ed形式。37.这里的主语是nations “国家”，所以economy在这里是“经济体制，经济状况”的意思，是不可数名词，没有复数形式。38.to在作介词时，没有表目的的意义，这里的to是与后面的动词原形组合在一起组成不定式，所以encouraging应该用动词原形encourage。39.life insurance“人寿保险”这个名词是不可数名词，所以不能用how many修饰，应该把many改为much。40.various是形容词，可以直接修饰名词，而of前面的词一般都是名词，所以这里应该用variety。3. 单选题We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva (唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide (硫化物).Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”.Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why. Some peoples breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured. Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.Those with chronic dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria. Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they dont necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus (黏液). If the mouthwash contains alcoholas most doit can intensify the problem by drying out the mouth.6. The phrase “emanate from” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “_”.7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?8. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because_.9. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because_.10. We can infer from this passage that_.问题1选项A.thrive onB.account forC.originate fromD.descend from问题2选项A.Tooth trouble.B.Sulfur rich food.C.Too much exercise.D.Mental strain.问题3选项A.it keeps offending bacteria from reproducingB.its smell adds to bad breathC.it kills some helpful bacteriaD.it affects the normal flow of saliva问题4选项A.they cant mask the bad odor long enoughB.they cant get to all the offending bacteriaC.their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worseD.they cant cover the thick layers of mucus问题5选项A.offensive breath cant easily be curedB.elderly people are less offended by bad breathC.heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breathD.offensive breath is less affected by alcohol【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】6.词汇推断题。第一步，练习句中前后信息衔接，emanate from这个词前后连接的是口气和嘴里的细菌，从这里推测，是因为嘴里的细菌所以才导致了口气，但是这句话中口气在前细菌在后，选项代入文意中便可排除A选项“在成长”、B选项“导致；解释”；C、D选项虽然在中文中同义，但是descend from表示从先辈那里遗传或者继承过来的，不符合原文语境，所以不选D选项“起源于”；所以答案C选项“发源于”正确。7.事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段第一二句Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though its not understood why“酗酒，说话太多，运动时用嘴呼吸任何使口腔干燥的事物都会产生口臭。压力也是如此，虽然不知道为什么”，第二步综合理解，压力属于精神紧张的一种，所以答案选D选项“精神压力”。A选项“牙齿问题”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有，所以不选；B选项“富硫食物”，定位到第三段最后一句The bacteria emit evil smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide“这种细菌会散发出难闻的气体，其中最难闻的是硫化氢”，从这里可知，不是富含硫的食物让人有口气，是细菌释放出来的含硫物质导致的口气，所以B不选，这里属于曲解原文；C选项“运动太多”，见正确选项，不是运动太多导致口臭，是运动的时候用嘴呼吸导致口臭，这里属于曲解原文。8.推理判断题。文章定位到第五段第一句话Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath“酗酒，说话太多，运动时用嘴呼吸任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭”以及第四段第一二句话Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulfur producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic “morning breath”“口腔细菌在没有空气的环境中繁殖。富含氧气的唾液可以减少它们的数量。例如，当我们睡觉时，唾液流减慢，产生硫的细菌占了上风，产生了经典的早晨口气”，由这里可知口腔细菌在没有空气的环境中繁殖，唾液是减少细菌数量的利器，但当我们口腔是处于干涩状态的时候，口腔里的唾液流就会减慢，从而口腔细菌就繁殖起来了。酒精会导致口腔变干从而唾液流减慢从而细菌滋生产生口气，由此可知答案选D选项“它影响唾液的正常流动”。A选项“它能阻止有害细菌的繁殖”，见正确选项解析，是唾液减少细菌繁殖，不是酒精，这里属于反向干扰；B选项“它的气味增加了口臭”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰；C选项“它杀死了一些有益的细菌”，文章没有提及，属于反向干扰。9.事实细节题题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段倒数第三句话The trouble is, they dont necessarily reach all offending germs“问题是，它们不一定能触及所有有害细菌”，由此可知答案选B选项“它们无法接触到所有有害的细菌”。A选项“它们掩盖不了难闻的气味”，定位到最后一段倒数第五句话The liquid can mask bad breath odor with its own smell“这种液体可以用自己的气味掩盖口臭”，这里可知，A选项属于反向干扰；C选项“它们强烈的气味和口臭混合在一起，使情况更糟”，见A选项解析，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“它们不能覆盖厚厚的粘液层”，定位到最后一段倒数第二句话Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus“在厚厚的粘液层下，大多数细菌都能很好地免受漱口水的侵害”，前文有提示漱口水是可以杀死所有细菌的但是因为有些细菌接触不到，所以使用者还是会有口臭问题，而细菌接触不到的原因是因为细菌被粘液保护着，这里是因为漱口水不能侵入粘液从而粘液保护了细菌而不是漱口水不能覆盖粘液，所以答案D错误，这里属于曲解原文。10.判断推理题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第五段第一句For most of us, the simple, dry mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured.“对我们大多数人来说，简单的、口干的各种口臭很容易治愈”，从这里可知简单的口臭是容易治愈的，暗含着还有一种口臭是难以治愈的，第二步，寻找上下文线索，整篇文章直接开门见山指出每个人都会有口臭，接着讲述引起口臭的原因，最后讲到怎么治愈口臭这个问题，但是作者指出这些方法都是暂时的不彻底的，所以这里暗含着口臭其实很难根治的意味所以答案选A选项“口臭不容易治好”。B选项“老年人对口臭的较少”定位到第六段第一句话Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do“随着年龄的增长，唾液的流动会逐渐变慢，这也解释了为什么老年人比年轻人更容易出现口臭问题”，由此可知B选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；C选项“酗酒者受口臭的影响较小”，定位到第五段第一句话Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath“酗酒，说话太多，运动时用嘴呼吸任何使口腔干燥的东西都会产生口臭”，由此可知，酒精会导致口臭，C选项错误，这里属于反向干扰；D选项“口气不佳受酒精的影响较小”，见C选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。4. 翻译题Directions: For this part, you are to translate a passage from Chinese into English.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。他们还与各地的科技园合作，使创新成果商业化。与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。【答案】Innovation in China is booming at an unprecedented rate. In order to catch up with the developed countries in science and technology as soon as possible, China has greatly increased its research and development fund in recent years. They are also working with science and technology parks around the country to commercialize their innovations. At the same time, whether in products or business models, Chinese entrepreneurs are striving to be pioneers in innovation to adapt to the ever-changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets.5. 单选题The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in Italy and then spread throughout Europe. Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on. Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed and experienced. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in translation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had rediscovered ancient art and literature.The musical Renaissance in Europe was more a general cultural movement and state of mind than a specific set of musical techniques. Furthermore, music changed so rapidly during this century and a half-though at different rates in different countries that we cannot define a single Renaissance style.21. What does the author mean by using the underlined word “eventually” in Para. 1?22. The underlined phrase “frowned on” in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to_.23. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of_.24. According to the passage, why was Bernardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?25. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?问题1选项A.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did.B.That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”.C.The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians.D.That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet.问题2选项A.given upB.forgotten aboutC.argued aboutD.disapproved of问题3选项A.communication among artists across EuropeB.spirituality in everyday lifeC.a cultural emphasis on human valuesD.religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes问题4选项A.It was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.B.It had little emotional impact on audiences.C.It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.D.It did not contain enough religious themes.问题5选项A.The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.B.The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.C.Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.D.During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】21.推理判断题。题干定位到文章的第二句话It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians,“1855年，历史学家朱尔斯米歇莱在他的法国历史中首次使用了这个词，随后被文化史学家、艺术史学家甚至音乐史学家采用”从句子里面的表示时间逻辑的词first、then我们可以推测eventually是表示时间顺序，所以答案选A选项“音乐历史学家在其他历史学家之后使用了文艺复兴这个词”。B选项“大多数音乐历史学家使用文艺复兴这个词”，文章没有提及有多少音乐历史学家在使用这个单词，属于无中生有。C选项“文艺复兴一词被艺术史学家广泛使用，而不是音乐史学家”，文章没有提及文艺复兴这个词语没有流行于音乐历史学家，属于无中生有。D选项“音乐历史学家使用的文艺复兴一词与朱尔斯米歇莱使用的非常不同”，文章没有提及“文艺复兴”这个词的词义变迁，属于无中生有。22.词义推断题，第一步，句中前后信息衔接，定位到文章第一段倒数第二三句 To these scholars this meant a return to human. Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再（）”，从这里可知，文意复兴就是回到以人为中心的理念上来，这句中and连接两个并列的句子，这两个句子都是用来说明文艺复兴时期出现的变化。第二步，上下文语义衔接，从第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，从这里可以文意复兴时期艺术家从宗教回归到人本身，他们不但不排斥人的情绪反而推崇情绪并想尽办法让他们的作品更加动人，综上可知frowned on的意思是D选项“反对”，句意是“他们不再反对人类的情绪以及感官上的享受”。A选项“放弃”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“忘记了”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“争论”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。23.词义推断题。定位到文章倒数第三四句话Scholars and artists of this period wanted to restore the learning and ideals of the classical civilizations of Greece and Rome. To these scholars this meant a return to human.“这一时期的学者和艺术家想要恢复希腊和罗马古典文明的学问和理想。对这些学者来说，这意味着回归人类。”从这里可知那些学者的想法是让古希腊罗马的价值观重生也就是回到以人为本的观念中来，这里与人有关的选项只有C选项“强调人类价值的文化”。A选项“欧洲艺术家之间的交流”，与题无关，欧洲的交流在文艺复兴前期就出现了否则文意复兴的思想不会传播的那么快。B选项“日常生活中的灵性”，定位到第一段倒数第二句话Fulfillment in life became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.“在生活中的满足成为一个理想的目标，并且表达整个人类的情感和享受感官的乐趣不再被反对”，从这里可知重生不是指的人的精神而是指的人感官上的享受，这里属于张冠李戴。D选项“与传统世俗主题相伴的艺术中的宗教主题”，定位到第一段倒数第一句话Artists and writers now turned to religious subject matter and sought to make their works understandable and appealing.“艺术家和作家现在转向宗教题材，试图使他们的作品易于理解和吸引人”，由此可知D选项错误，不是宗教事务伴随着传统的世俗事务，而是从宗教事务转向传统世俗事务，这里属于偷换概念。24.词义推断题。定位到第二段倒数第二三句They l