考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题含答案39

考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the of the （ ）human race?问题1选项A.offspringB.successorC.breederD.predecessor【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。offspring意为“子孙，后代”；successor意为“接替者，继任者”；breeder意为“饲养员”；predecessor意为“前辈，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类的祖先的说法吗？2. 单选题Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more（ ）to light than human eyes.问题1选项A.glowingB.brilliantC.gloomyD.sensitive【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。glowing意为“灼热的，灼炽的”；brilliant意为“明亮的”；gloomy意为“黑暗的”；sensitive意为“敏感的”。句意：虽然猫无法在完全黑暗中看到，但是它们的眼睛比人类的眼睛对光敏感得多。3. 单选题I dont think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in（ ）to its size.问题1选项A.correspondenceB.equationC.proportionD.dimension【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。correspondence意为“一致，符合”；equation意为“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，in proportion to意为“与成比例，与相称”；dimension意为“尺寸，规模”。句意：相对于它的尺寸来说，我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。4. 单选题He was so mean that he couldnt bear to （ ）the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal.问题1选项A.part withB.give inC.pay offD.let out【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。part with意为“放弃，失去，割舍”；give in意为“屈服”；pay off意为“付清”；let out意为“出租，放出，发出”。句意：他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。5. 单选题Too much time has（ ）since they started talking on the issue.问题1选项A.elapsedB.occupiedC.circulatedD.detached【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。elapse意为“（时间）消逝，过去”；occupy意为“使用，占用”；circulate意为“循环，传播”；detach意为“分离，拆开”。句意：自从他们开始讨论这个问题以来，已经花了太多时间。6. 单选题Hard work and malnutrition （ ）his health and he looked thin and pale.问题1选项A.impairedB.promotedC.acceleratedD.smashed【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。impair意为“损害，削弱”；promote意为“促进，推进”；accelerate意为“加快，增速”；smash意为“打碎，打破”。句意：繁重的工作和营养不良损害了他的健康，他看上去又瘦又苍白。7. 单选题The medical students studied the （ ）of the human body.问题1选项A.frameworkB.outlineC.skeletonD.segment【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。framework意为“ 构架，框架”；outline意为“梗概，大纲，提纲”；skeleton意为“骨骼，骨架，骨骼标本”；segment意为“部分，段落”。句意：医学专业的学生研究了人体的骨骼。8. 问答题With (A) the word scientist we mean one who is equipped to (B) spend a lifetime for (C) the advancement of science to the best (D) of ones ability.【答案】试题答案：A; By【解析】考查介词用法。with意为“和，同，具有”，此处表示“根据科学家这个词，我们说的是一个”，因此用by（根据，按照）。9. 单选题Peters body temperature has been（ ）for a week, the highest point reaching 39.5 degree centigrade.问题1选项A.abnormalB.disorderedC.uncommonD.extraordinary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。abnormal意为“反常的，异常的”；disordered意为“混乱的”；uncommon意为“不常有的，罕见的”；extraordinary意为“非凡的”。句意：彼得的体温不正常已经持续一周了，最高温度达到39.5度。10. 单选题Whether you are a gorilla, a four year old child, a politician or an Olympic athlete, the signs of victory are obvious for all to see: the chest inflates, the head is thrown back and the victor displays a strutting and confident air. Shame at being defeated is equally recognizable: the head bows, and sometimes the shoulders slump and the chest narrows too something that is not a million miles away from the cringing postures associated with submission in animals, from chimpanzees to rats, rabbits and even salamanders. Are these displays of pride and shame common to all humans? If they are, they will have evolved to serve some function.In their research published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team of researchers analyzed images of blind and sighted athletes from different cultures from the judo competition held in the 2004 Olympic and Paralympics Games. They looked for whether or not competitors indulged in post-match behavior such as tilting their heads back, raising their arms or expanding their chests in victory, or hiding their face or narrowing their chests in defeat. They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind competitors even those blind from birth.Although the researchers say that congenitally blind children might have been taught by their parents to lift their hands above their heads after a victory, they speculate that it would be harder to teach them the full spectrum of displays they witnessed. These findings, then, imply that displays of pride are not simply cultural stereotypes learnt after birth: but an innate form of behavior that was relevant to the way humans lived. A display of pride (or shame), in other words, may be an evolved and innate behavioral response.Why? Such displays may have an evolutionary function. People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on (which may help to avoid further aggression), and so might well be a display of submission.The researchers also found that the behavioral response to shame was weaker in sighted athletes from cultures that were individualistic or “self-expression valuing” societies in the West. They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with “cultural norms” that stigmatize displays of shame. If so, this would explain why the congenitally blind displayed more shame in defeat than did people who became blind later in life.1.In the opening paragraph, the author proposes his hypothesis by （ ）.2.Why are blind athletes chosen for the research?3.The pride and shame responses probably function as（ ）.4.Which of the following post-match behavior of athletes shows unique cultural influence?问题1选项A.drawing an analogyB.making a comparisonC.listing specific examplesD.explaining a phenomenon问题2选项A.To identify their distinctive behavioral features.B.To illustrate the typical gestures used by the disabled.C.To prove instinctive pride and shame reactions.D.To justify the importance of learning after birth.问题3选项A.determining ones social statusB.showing ones attitudeC.exchanging personal feelingsD.signaling the end of a fight问题4选项A.Hiding their faces.B.Puffing out their chests.C.Raising their arms.D.Removing their clothing.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。类比（drawing an analogy）指将两个本质上不同的事物就其共同点进行比较，由文章第一段可知作者是将动物与人两个不同的对象，其对胜利的表现都是相同的进行比较，因此选A。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中They found that in response to success and failure, people from different cultures displayed the stereotypical gestures of pride and some of the components of expressions of shame. This included the blind competitors even those blind from birth.（他们发现这些在胜利和失败的反应中，来自不同文化的人们展示出一成不变的胜利姿态和由若干固定成分组成的羞愧表情。这其中包括盲人运动员，甚至还是先天失明的）可知C选项“来证明其骄傲和羞耻的本能反应”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的People could be advertising their accomplishments and ensuring their status and acceptance within their social group. Similarly, shame shows acceptance of a defeat and a reluctance to fight on. and so might well be a display of submission.（人们要夸耀他们的成就，确保他们的地位和社会群体的认同。同样地，羞愧表现出对失利的接受和对继续战斗的不情愿，也很可能是一种顺从的表现）可知这些都是对态度的表现，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的They suggest that athletes from these parts were suppressing responses in accordance with cultural norms that stigmatize displays of shame.（研究表明来自于这些地方的职业运动员抑制了反应，而这种反应与控制耻辱表现的社会行为规范相一致）可知A“把他们的脸藏起来”属于抑制自己反应的表现，因此选A。11. 单选题The school promised to make classes smaller and offer more individualized（ ）.问题1选项A.obligationB.convictionC.instructionD.presentation【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。obligation意为“义务，责任”；conviction意为“定罪，深信”；instruction意为“授课”；presentation意为“提交，报告”。句意：学校承诺将班级缩小，并提供更加个性化的授课。12. 单选题The USA has 10 percent of the total petroleum（ ）of the world in its own territory , and has been a major producer for decades.问题1选项A.reservationsB.reservesC.potentialsD.reservoirs【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。reservation意为“预约，保留地”；reserve意为“储备（量），储藏（量）”；potential意为“潜在的，有可能的”；reservoir意为“水库，蓄水池”。句意：美国在自己的领土上拥有世界石油总储量的10%，几十年来一直是主要的生产国。13. 单选题He knows little of mathematics, and （ ）of chemistry.问题1选项A.even moreB.still lessC.no lessD.still more【答案】B【解析】考查比较级。even, still修饰表示级，意为“更”，little的比较级为less，因此选B。句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了。14. 单选题I phoned him this morning, but when I said who I was, he（ ）.问题1选项A.rang upB.hung upC.shut downD.shut up【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。ring up意为“打电话”；hang up意为“挂断电话”；shut down意为“关闭，停业”；shut up意为“安静，闭嘴”。句意：我今天早上给他打了电话，但当我告诉他我是谁时，他挂断了电话。15. 单选题Will all those （ ）the proposal raise their hands?问题1选项A.in relation toB.in excess toC.in contrast toD.in favor of【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。in relation to意为“与相关”；in excess to意为“超过”；in contrast to意为“与对比鲜明，相比之下”；in favor of意为“赞成，支持”。句意：支持这个提议的所有这些人都会举手吗？16. 单选题In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990s, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United states were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl, whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters and the owls was still undecided in mid-1992.Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished; with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.Many of the changes, to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the plant of its biological richness. The destruction of Earths ozone layer, for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting Earths biological diversity is a complex problem. But solutions to humanitys current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.1.Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?2.According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests （ ）.3.Among humanitys current problem, the chief concern of the scientist is（ ）.4.The authors purpose in writing this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.Because people cant agree as to what species to protect.B.Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.C.Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.D.Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.问题2选项A.may hamper a developing country in its tight against povertyB.benefits developed countries rather than developing countriesC.should take priority over the control of human populationD.will help improve the living conditions in developing countries问题3选项A.the impoverishment of developing countriesB.the explosion of the human populationC.the reduction of biological diversityD.the effect of global warming问题4选项A.to describe the difficulties in solving humanitys current problemsB.to point out the different views on humanitys current problemsC.to analyze the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanitys current problemsD.to present that humanitys current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs.（这种未可预料的形势把环境保护者的利益与公司的利益以及要承受失业的个人的利益对立起来）可知C选项“因为它影响到某些群体的利益”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的But the developing countries may be impoverished; with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.（但是，随着人口快速增长，开垦土地以暂时避免贫苦和饥荒恶化，发展中国家可能会因此一贫如洗）可知A选项“可能会妨碍发展中国家与贫穷作斗争”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中Many of the changes, to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the plant of its biological richness.（对地球而言，许多与科学家有关的变化都有可能夺去植物的生物多样性）可知C选项“生物多样性的减少”符合题意。4.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的But solutions to humanitys current problems will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earths complex web of life.（但是，解决人类当前的问题，只有通过协调一致的国际努力来控制人类人口，稳定大气层的组成，并保存完整的地球复杂的生命网）可知D选项“表达现在人类当前的问题只有通过各国的合作才能解决”符合题意。17. 单选题The （ ）of our trip to Washington was the visit to the White House.问题1选项A.climateB.extremityC.maximunD.novel【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。climate意为“气候”；extremity意为“末端，端点，尽头”；maximun意为“最大值，最大”；novel意为“小说”。句意：我们华盛顿之行的最后一站是参观白宫。18. 问答题The trouble is, as I see it (A), that he is a perfectionist in his way (B), and he says that (C) lie will not have children when (D) they can afford it financially.【答案】试题答案：D; until【解析】考查固定句型。not.until意为“直到才”，因此将when改为until。19. 单选题Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980.On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies to which heavy industry has shifted have become more energy intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.1.The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is （ ）.2.It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if（ ）.3.The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries（ ）.4.We can draw a conclusion from the text that（ ）.5.From the text we can see that the writer seems（ ）.问题1选项A.global inflationB.reduction in supplyC.fast growth in economyD.Iraqs suspension of exports问题2选项A.price of crude risesB.commodity prices riseC.consumption risesD.oil taxes rise问题3选项A.heavy industry becomes more energy-intensiveB.income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil pricesC.manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezedD.oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP问题4选项A.oil price shocks are less shocking nowB.inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocksC.energy conservation can keep down the oil pricesD.the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry问题5选项A.optimisticB.sensitiveC.gloomyD.scared【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.（自从石油输出国组织同意减少原油的供给，原油价格从去年12月的不到10美元一桶飙升至每桶近26美元）可知最近油价上涨的主要原因是石油供给的减少，因此选B。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.（在欧洲，税收占了零售价格的五分之四，因此即使原油价格变动很大，对零售价格的影响也会比以往小得多）可推测如果要使汽油价格大幅上涨，应提高石油的税收，因此选D。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.（经合组织在其最新的经济展望中估计，如果油价全年平均每桶22美元，与1998年的13美元每桶相比，只会使发达国家的石油进口支出增加国民生产总值的0.25%至0.5%）可知石油价格上涨对发达国家的国民生产总值影响很小，因此选D，注意题干中问的是在经济展望中的观点，虽然A、B、C选项在文中出现过，但并不是经济展望中提出的观点。4.主旨大意题。文章前面两段主要介绍了此次石油上涨的原因，后面三段主要介绍了为什么此次油价上涨造成的后果没有像前两次那样严重：第一，原油占汽油价格的比重减少；第二，石油价格上涨对发达国家影响不大；第三，此次油价上涨不是在全球通货膨胀和产能过剩的情况下产生的。因此A选项“油价冲击现在不那么令人震惊了”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices（另一个不因油价上涨而失眠的理由）以及上一题的分析，可知作者的态度是积极、乐观的，因此选A。20. 单选题There are two main things that make aircraft engineering difficult: the need to make every component as reliable as possible and the need to build everything as light as possible. The fact that an airplane is up in the air and cannot stop if anything goes wrong, makes it perhaps a matter of life and death that its performance is absolutely dependable.Given a certain power of engine, and consequently a certain fuel consumption, there is a practical limit to the total weight of an aircraft that can be made to fly. Out of that weight as much as possible is wanted for fuel, radio navigational instruments, passenger seats, or freight room, and of course, the passengers and aircraft themselves. So the structure of the aircraft has to be as small and light as safety and efficiency will allow. The designers of it must calculate the normal load that each part will bear. This specialist is called the stress man. He takes account of any unusual stress that may be put on the part as a precaution against errors in manufacture, accident damage, etc.The stress mans calculations go to the designer of the part, and he must make it as strong as the stress man say is necessary. One or two samples ar