考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学模拟考试题含答案42

考研考博-考博英语-西南交通大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题We had no way to measure the exact distance we had traveled, but we thought it was（ ）ten miles.问题1选项A.apparentlyB.appraisablyC.appropriatelyD.approximately【答案】D【解析】句意:我们无法精确测量我们所走的距离，但我们认为大约是十英里。考查副词辨析。apparently 明显地；appraisably 可评估地；appropriately 合适地;approximately 近似地。根据前半句句意“我们无法精确测量我们所走的距离”以及“十英里”可知D符合句意。2. 单选题If a person talks about his weakness, the listener is expected to say something in the way of （ ）.问题1选项A.assuranceB.encouragementC.persuasionD.confirmation【答案】B【解析】句意:如果一个人谈论自己的弱点，那么他就会期望听者说些鼓励的话。考查名词辨析。assurance 保证;担保;encouragement 鼓励；persuasion 劝服；confirmation 确认;证实。因此B符合句意。3. 单选题In much of the American South in the 1950s, the first rows of seats on city buses were for white people only. Black people sat in the（61）of the bus. Both groups could sit in a middle area（62）, black people sitting in that part of the bus were （63）to leave their seats if a white person wanted to sit there.Rosa Parks and three other black people（64）in the middle area of the bus when a white person got on the bus and wanted a seat. The bus driver（65）that all four black people leave their seats so the white person would not have to sit next to any of（66）. The three other blacks got up, but Mrs. Parks （67）. She was arrested.Some popular stories about that（68）include the statement that Rosa Parks refused to leave her seat because her feet were tired. But she（69）said in later years that this was（70）.What she was really（71）she said, was accepting unequal treatment. She explained later that this seemed to be the place for her to stop being pushed（72）and to find out what human rights she had, if any.A group of black activist women in Montgomery was known（73）the Womens Political Council. The group was working to oppose the（74）of black bus passengers. Blacks had been arrested and even killed for（75）orders from bus drivers. Rosa Parks was not the first black person to refuse to（76）a seat on the bus for a white person. But black groups in Montgomery considered her to be the right citizen around（77）to build a protest because she was one of the finest citizens of the city.The womens group immediately（78）all blacks in the city to refuse to ride on city buses on the day of Mrs. Parkss trial, Monday, December 15. The result was that forty thousand people walked and（79）other（80）on that day.问题1选项A.middleB.frontC.backD.left问题2选项A.HoweverB.Even thoughC.ConsideringD.Now that问题3选项A.acceptedB.expectedC.exceptedD.receipted问题4选项A.were seatingB.seatedC.were seatedD.seating问题5选项A.commendedB.demandedC.recommendedD.reminded问题6选项A.itB.theirsC.themD.his问题7选项A.refusedB.agreedC.admittedD.promised问题8选项A.accidentB.caseC.affairD.incident问题9选项A.her ownB.on her ownC.herselfD.by herself问题10选项A.falserB.forgeC.excitingD.distinguished问题11选项A.tiredB.tiring aboutC.tired inD.tired of问题12选项A.hardB.offC.UDPD.around问题13选项A.asB.topC.forD.with问题14选项A.maltreatB.mistreatmentC.untreatmentD.intreatment问题15选项A.implementingB.violatingC.submittingD.yielding问题16选项A.give upB.give inC.give ofD.give out问题17选项A.whoB.whoseC.whoeverD.whom问题18选项A.called upB.called forthC.called forD.called in问题19选项A.to userB.usingC.being usedD.used问题20选项A.transmissionB.transportationC.transferringD.transaction【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:A第11题:D第12题:D第13题:A第14题:B第15题:B第16题:A第17题:D第18题:C第19题:D第20题:B【解析】第1题:考查名词辨析。前句句意为:前排的位置是留给白人的。所以该句表示:黑人坐后排，故选C。第2题:考查连词辨析。空格前句句意为:中间区域的座位所有人都可以坐。空格后句句意为:当白人需要坐的时候，黑人就需要让座，由此可知前后为转折的关系，故选A。第3题:考查固定搭配。be expected to 被期望做某事。第4题:考查固定搭配。Be seated 坐下，位于。第5题:考查动词辨析。commend 称赞，表扬；demand 要求，需要，recommend 推荐，建议；remind 提醒。该处句意为:白人在很多方面有优先权，在公交车上，司机有权力要求黑人给白人让座。故选B。第6题:语法题。考查人称代词。空格处要填的词指代前文中的all four black people，故选C。第7题:考查动词辨析。refuse 拒绝;agree 同意，承认；admit 承认，容许；promise 许诺。根据下文中的She was arrested (她被捕了)可知这里表示“拒绝了让座”。第8题:考查名词辨析。accident 事故，意外；case 情况，案例；affair 事情，事务；incident 事件。此空格指代让座事件，故选D。第9题:考查上下文语义。 此处表示“她本人对这件事的解释”，人称代词+反身代词表示 “某人自己”，因此选C项。第10题:考查形容词辨析。根据转折连词but可知，一些相关的传言是伪造的，故选A。第11题:考查固定搭配。be tired of 厌烦。第12题:考查短语辨析。push hard 用力推；push off 离开，走开；push up增加，提高；push around 把差来遣去（或呼来唤去）。句意:她后来解释说，这里似乎是她停止受人摆布的地方，也是可以看看究竟有什么人权的地方(若有的话)。第13题:考查固定搭配。Be known as表示“以.知名； 被认为是； 称为”，符合句意。第14题:考查名词辨析。Be known as 被称为。根据下文中的 Blacks had been arrested and even killed for.(黑人被逮捕，甚至被杀害)可知该团体是反对“虐待黑人”，故选B项。第15题:考查动词辨析。句意:黑人因违反公交司机的命令而被捕，甚至被杀。故选B。第16题:考查动词辨析。give up 放弃；交出；give in屈服；让步；give of 献出；give out分发，发出。此处表示“放弃座位”，故选A。第17题:语法题。考查从句的连接词。句子中的around 77 to build a protest作定语修饰the right citizen,且先行词指人故选D。第18题:考查固定搭配。call for 要求，提倡。这里可以理解为“号召”。第19题:语法题。考查时态。句子中walked是过去时，所以后面的动词也要用一般过去时。第20题:考查名词辨析。Transmission传递；传送；transportation运输；运输系统；transferring 转移；传递 ；transaction交易；事务。根据上文中的refuse to ride on city buses “拒绝乘坐城市巴士” 可知此处是表示“选择乘坐其他交通工具”，故选B。4. 单选题（ ）conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】句意:城邦之间的持续冲突导致了希腊文明的最终衰落。考查形容词辨析。continuous和continual都有“连续的，持续的”意思，但continuous强调“不间断”而continual 强调“频繁，反复”。Constant 不变的，恒定的；contrary 相反的，对立的。这里是用来形容城邦间的冲突，故选B。5. 单选题（ ）man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.问题1选项A.AsB.WhetherC.WhileD.Now that【答案】C【解析】句意:虽然人类现在可以制造出放射性元素，但无法降低这些元素的放射性。考查连词辨析。前半句句意为:人类现在可以制造出放射性元素，后半句句意为:无法降低这些元素的放射性。由此可见，前后为转折对比的关系，因此C项“虽然，尽管”正确。6. 单选题The apparent purpose of allowing the government to invest the trust fund is to take advantage of the higher returns from private capital markets. There is strong evidence, though, that the governments investment policy substantially could undercut the returns it otherwise might expect to receive. High capital market returns in the US are derived from the high productivity of capital and the efficiency of the market. Investment of the Social security trust fund in private capital markets will hurt both of these sources of American economic performance; capital will be less productive and markets will be less efficient.A 1994 study by the World Bank of government-managed pension fund investments around the world found that they generally earned lower annual returns than privately managed pension investments. It showed that governments generally pursued one of two policies for their investments, both fundamentally flawed.One was to invest heavily in government securities, which can such lower returns than, for example, stocks. There are two reasons for this policy. First, there is a cautionary search for safe investments because governments fear the political reaction if a more aggressive investment policy were to lead to adverse results. Second, buying up government debt allow the government to defer the consequences of its own overspending. Indeed, there is evidence that the power to shift government debt into pension funds actually may induce them to spend and borrow more. Borrowing from the pension fund is less transparent than doing so from the open capital market. In many cases, such borrowing is not even reported as public debt, and the interest rate may be lower.This already is occurring with the Social Security trust fund. The current surplus is used to purchase Federal Treasury obligations that are credited to the Social Security trust fund. The government then utilizes the money it has borrowed from the trust fund to meet current operating expenses.The other investment policy pursued by government-controlled pension funds is to invest in government-supported projects, such as state-owned enterprises or public housing. Again, the result often is extremely low rates of return. In fact, such investments frequently lose money. Moreover, government investment leads to greater government involvement in the economy that could, in turn, lead to policies that slow economic growth and reduce the return on capital for all investors, including the government itself.1.According to the author, government investment of the Social Security trust fund（ ）.2.A 1994 study by the World Bank of government-managed pension fund investments（ ）.3.From the last paragraph, we know that（ ）.4.What tone did the author adopt in this passage?5.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?问题1选项A.will result in higher returns from private capital marketsB.can have a negative effect on the efficiency of the marketsC.will give an impetus to economic developmentD.can promote productivity of capital问题2选项A.met the expectation of the higher annual returnsB.excluded the possibility of a more aggressive investmentC.failed to meet with the governments anticipationD.failed to reflect the true state of economy问题3选项A.investments in government-supported projects often earn high annual returnsB.greater government involvement in the economy could impede economic growthC.business investments in public housing frequently lose moneyD.the investment policy pursued by government-controlled pension funds is fundamentally profitable问题4选项A.SatireB.ExposureC.AttackD.Criticism问题5选项A.Government policies fuel the government investment in the economy and keep it on the right trackB.Government involvement in the economy will ultimately slow economic growth.C.Government investment in government-supported projects is a fallacyD.Government might earn higher returns if it invests in stocks【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一段指出: High capital market returns in the US are derived from the high productivity of capital and the efficiency of the market. Investment of the Social security trust fund in private capital markets will hurt both of these sources of American economic performance; capital will be less productive and markets will be less efficient (美国资本市场的高回报源于资本的高生产率和市场的效率。社会保障信托基金对私人资本市场的投资将损害美国经济表现的这两个来源；资本的生产效率将降低，市场的效率也将降低)。因此，B项“对市场效率可能产生负面影响”正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据题干定位至第二段: A 1994 study by the World Bank of government-managed pension fund investments around the world found that they generally earned lower annual returns than privately managed pension investments (1994年，世界银行在全球范围内进行的一项研究发现，与私人管理的养老基金投资相比，它们的年回报率普遍较低)。因此C项“没有达到政府的预期目标”正确。第3题:判断推理题。最后一段最后一句指出: Moreover, government investment leads to greater government involvement in the economy that could, in turn, lead to policies that slow economic growth and reduce the return on capital for all investors, including the government itself (此外，政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率)。由此可知B项“政府对经济的更多参与可能会阻碍经济增长”正确。第4题:观点态度题。文章开头指出允许政府进行信贷投资的目的是利用私人资本市场的高额投资回报。然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报。并且在结尾部分进一步指出了政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，进而可能导致政策放缓经济增长，降低包括政府本身在内的所有投资者的资本回报率。可以看出文章作者的语气是在批评政府所采取的社会保障基金投资政策。故选D项。第5题:细节事实题。A:政府政策推动了政府投资，并让经济走上正轨。B:政府在经济方面的投资最终减慢经济增长。C:政府支持项目的投资是错误的。D:如果政府投资股市，或许收益更大。第一段第二句指出: There is strong evidence, though, that the governments investment policy substantially could undercut the returns it otherwise might expect to receive(然而有力的证据表明：政府的投资政策实质上可能减少它原本预期获得的投资回报)。由此可知A项错误。最后一句指出:government investment leads to greater government involvement in the economy that could, in turn, lead to policies that slow economic growth (政府投资导致政府更多地干预经济，这有可能反过来导致相应政策的制定，这种政策进而会减慢经济增长)。因此B项正确。第三段第一句指出:One was to invest heavily in government securities, which can such lower returns than, for example, stocks (其中之一是对政府债券大力投资，其回报远低于对股市之类的投资)。因此D项正确。最后一段指出: Again, the result often is extremely low rates of return (这种投资的结果还是回报率很低)，以及:In fact, such investments frequently lose money (事实上，这种投资经常赔钱)。因此C项符合原文所述。故此题选A。7. 单选题These national parks are very important for preserving many animals, who would （ ） run the risk of becoming extinct.问题1选项A.insteadB.neverthelessC.thereforeD.otherwise【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instead“代替；反而；相反”；B选项nevertheless“然而，不过”；C选项therefore“因此；所以”；D选项otherwise“否则；另外”。句意：这些国家公园对保护许多动物非常重要，否则这些动物将面临灭绝的危险。前后部分为转折关系，因此D项正确。8. 翻译题Translate the following passage into ChinesePaintings are static. The uniqueness of the experience of looking at a painting repeatedly over a period of days or years -is that, in the midst of flux, the image remains changeless. Of course the significance of the image may change, as a result of either historical or personal developments, but what is depicted is unchanging: the same milk flowing from the same jug, the waves on the sea with exactly the same formation unbroken, the smile and the face which have not altered.One might be tempted to say that paintings preserve a moment. Yet on reflection this is obviously untrue. For the moment of a painting, unlike a moment photographed, never existed as such. And so a painting cannot be said to preserve it. If a painting “stops” time, it is not, like a photograph, preserving a moment of the past from the supersession of succeeding moments.【答案】绘画是静态的。在几天或几年时间里反复看一幅画的经历的独特性在于画的内容在变迁中仍然保持不变。当然，由于历史或个人发展, 尽管该图像的意义可能会改变,但描述的内容是不变的: 一样的奶瓶中流出的一样的牛奶，海面上完全一样的完整 的波浪，不变的微笑和笑脸。人们可能会说，绘画保存了一个瞬间。然而，仔细想想，这显然是不真实的。因为与被拍摄的瞬间不一样，绘画中的瞬间从未存在。因此，不能说一幅画保存了一个瞬间。 如果一幅画留住了某个瞬间，那么它就不能保存代替随后瞬间的过去瞬间，就像相片一样。9. 单选题The white（ ）backed by white officers and native troops, was competent and generally well disposed toward the welfare of the Indian peasant masses.问题1选项A.eliteB.eclipseC.elapseD.clastic【答案】A【解析】句意:受白人军官和当地军队支持的白人精英很有能力，而且总体上对印度农民群众的福利很有好感。考查名词及形容词辨析。elite 精英；精华；eclipse 日蚀；月蚀；黯然失色；elapse流逝；吋间的过去；clastic碎片性的；碎屑状的。由关键词backed by white officers and native troops(受白人官员和本国军队支持的)可知A项正确。10. 单选题Students or teachers can participate in excursions to lovely beaches around the island at regular （ ）.问题1选项A.gapsB.rateC.lengthD.intervals【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。根据题意本题表述的是每隔一段时间可以去周边旅游，因此选项A、B、C均与题意不符，而选项D是固定搭配at regular intervals “每隔一段时间”因此选项D项正确。句意：学生和老师可以每隔一段时间参加岛屿周围美丽的海滩活动。11. 单选题If you know what the trouble is, why dont you help them to （ ） the situation?问题1选项A.simplifyB.modifyC.verifyD.rectify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。选项A：simplify “简化，使单纯”;选项B:modify “修改”；选项C：verify “核实，查证”;选项D：rectify “矫正，改正”。rectify是指抽象意义上对于偏离正常轨道的矫正，因此与题意更切合，所以选项D正确。句意：如果你知道问题出在哪里，为什么不帮助他们扭转局面呢?12. 单选题Id（ ）his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.问题1选项A.take into accountB.account forC.make up forD.make out【答案】A【解析】句意:我会考虑到这个地区其他农民和商人对他的评价，然后决定是否批准贷款。考查短语辨析。take into account 考虑;重视;体谅;account for 对负有贵任：对做出解释;说明的原因；make up for 补偿；弥补；make out辨认出;说明;填写;设法应付。动词短语的宾语是his reputation(对他的评价)，因此A项符合句意。13. 单选题The detective story might not be （ ） interesting to keep the child awake.问题1选项A.enoughB.adequatelyC.amplyD.sufficiently【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。选项A：enough “（侧重表示分量或数量的足够）足够地，充分地”；选项B: adequately意思是“（表示程度）足够地，适当地”；选项C：amply意思是“（侧重表示是数量）充足地”；选项D:sufficiently意思是“（侧重表示是数量）充分地，足够地”。根据句意本题需要选择一个程度副词来修饰interesting这个形容词，而选项A、C、D均侧重于数量和分量，因此选项B正确答案。句意：这本侦探小说或许没有有趣到让孩不子愿入睡。14. 单选题From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics（ ）in turn evolved the politics of our modern world.问题1选项A.of whichB.from whichC.on whichD.by which【答案】B【解析】句意:从基督教和西方的野蛮王国中出现了中世纪政治的形态，而从该形态中又依次演变出了我们现代世界的政治形态。语法题。考查从句引导词。空格后是一个定语从句。前面的主句中，From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west是地点状语，因此在定语从句中，from which 作状语与前面的from形成对应，evolved作谓语，the politics of our modern world作主语。15. 单选题The childrens （ ） natures were in sharp contrast to the even-tempered dispositions of their parents.问题1选项A.mercurialB.blitheC.introvertedD.artless【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mercurial“雄辩机智的；活泼善变的”；B选项blithe“愉快的；快乐无忧的”；C选项introverted“ 内向的”；D选项artless“ 天真的；朴实的；无虚饰的”。句意：孩子们活泼善变的性格与他们父母的平和性格形成鲜明的对比。根据后面句意“与他们父母的平和性格形成鲜明的对比”可知A符合句意。16. 单选题The board of the company has decided to（ ）its operation to include all aspects of the clothing business.问题1选项A.extendB.enlargeC.expandD.amplify【答案】C【解析】句意:公司董事会决定扩大经营范围，将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内。考查动词辨析。extend 延伸；扩大（尤指时间或空间的延长）；enlarge 扩大（主要指面积或体积等的扩大）；expand 扩张；发展（指范围、程度、体积和尺寸等方面的扩大或增加）;amplify 扩大；增强（常指声音的扩大或电磁波的增强，也指补充了细节、详述或扩大内容等。）。根据后面的句意“将服装业务的各个方面都包括在内”可知C项正确。17. 单选题The conference （ ）a full week by the time it ends.问题1选项A.must have lastedB.will have lastedC.would lastD.has lasted【答案】B【解析】考查时态。根据题干以及选项可知本题考查时态的用法，又根据by the time it ends：到会议结束的时候，以及句意可知本题应该使用将来完成时态，因此选项B为正确选项。句意：到会议结束时将已经持续整整一周了。18. 单选题What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science? We all know that science plays an important role in the societies. However, many people believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity -he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attention towards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available -and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.1.Many people believe that science helps society to progress through（ ）.2.Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?3.According to the passage, a successful scientist would n