考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案8

考研考博-考博英语-对外经济贸易大学模拟考试题含答案1. 问答题The costs of watching the film is that it takes up 120 minutes of your time - time which could A B Cbe spent in bed asleep. The benefit is the enjoyment gained from each extra minute viewed. D【答案】试题答案：A; cost【解析】考查主谓一致。谓语动词is用的是单数形式，故主语也需要用单数形式。2. 单选题Predicting the future is always risky. But its probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th-century as Americas “Disney Era.” Today, its certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modem America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely-known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney.The reasons for Disneys success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongsto one person the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the “little guy,” and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of the ordinary people. Some celebrated American achievements Disneys very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuring a silent Mickey house, was inspired by Charles Lindberghs flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the three little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping ones fellow man, ordinary Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disneys other great virtue was the fact that his company unlike other big corporations had a human face. His Hollywood studio the public heard operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first-name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, his studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he became convinced that Hollywood had been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole（间谍）, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article. A new book, The Magic Kingdom: Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the Wright Brothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was “Uncle Walt” 一 the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.In the 30 years since his death, not much has changed. In 1986, he was attacked as a McCarthyist, a supporter of big business, and a purveyor of “sub-literate” entertainment. However, none of it has made any difference to the general public. Their loyalty to Uncle Walt remains as strong as ever.1.Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPT（ ）.2.Walt Disney became an icon after his death not because（ ）.3.In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that（ ）.4.The writers attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described as（ ）.5.According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disneys patriotism?问题1选项A.paintingB.creativityC.managementD.merchandising问题2选项A.He was a role model to business people and filmmakersB.he could entertain the public at large all their livesC.he was a purveyor of “sub-literate” entertainmentD.he could represent all that was good about America问题3选项A.Disney was a creative and capable person.B.Disney once agreed to work for the FBI.C.Disney ran his company in a democratic way.D.Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people.问题4选项A.sympatheticB.objectiveC.criticalD.skeptical问题5选项A.He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B.He supported Americas war efforts in his own way.C.He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D.He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段中“Ironically he could not draw particularly well”讽刺的是他画得不太好，可知Walt Disney绘画能力不好，因此选A。2.细节事实题。文章最后两段讲述了Walt Disney死后的影响，A、C、D选项在倒数第二段中都有提及，B选项在最后一段中提及，不符合题干中成为偶像的原因，因此选B。3.推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans”可知Walt Disney站在普通美国人这边，因此D选项“迪士尼对普通人很同情”符合题意。4.观点态度题。根据文章第二段中“The reasons for Disneys success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney.”和第五段中“As the public would later learn, Disneys patriotism had an unpleasant side.”可知作者既写了Walt Disney对迪士尼公司的成功有突出贡献，又写了他爱国主义不好的一面，因此作者对Walt Disney的态度是客观的，选B。5.推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, his studios made training films for American soldiers.”他也被认为是一位伟大的爱国者，因为他不仅以他的动画片赞美美国，而且在二战期间，他的制作室也为美国士兵制作训练用影片。可知他以自己的方式支持美国的战争努力，因此选B。3. 问答题The most (A) acute challenges (B) facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those (C) involved humankinds struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the (D) sustainability of life on earth.【答案】C；“involved” 改为 “involving”。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：未来面临的最严峻的挑战可能不仅是人与人之间的竞争，而且是涉及到人类努力保护环境和确保地球上生命的可持续性的挑战。句中“those”指代上文提到的“challenges”，“involved”过去分词作后置定语表被动，而“those”和“involve”之间是主动关系，所以将“involved”改为“involving”。4. 问答题There has been inverse relationship between household net worth and the personal saving rate, Aconsistent with the permanent income hypothesis, under which household expenditures respond Bprincipally to changes in long-term wealth rather than short-term fluctuations in income. C D【答案】试题答案：D; of【解析】考查介词搭配。此处表示的是收入的短期波动，属于从属关系，用介词of。5. 单选题The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing problems, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness. Iscnbergs recent research on senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to by-pass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that “thinking” is indispensable from acting. Since mangers often“know”what right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/action cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great Uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/issue cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just implementing the solution.1. According to the passage, the classical model of decision analysis includes all of the followingEXCEPT（ ）.2. According to the passage, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPTto（ ）.3. The passage suggests which of the following about “writers on management mentioned in thePara. 2?4. Which of the following best exemplifies “an Aha experience as it is presented in the Para. 2?5. The passage provides support for which of the following statements?问题1选项A.creation of possible solutions to a problemB.establishment of clear goals to be reached by the decisionC.comparison of the probable effects of different solutions to a problemD.action undertaken in order to discover more information about a problem问题2选项A.identify a problemB.stipulate clear goalsC.evaluate possible solutions to a problemD.speed up the creation of a solution to a problem问题3选项A.They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B.They have relied in drawing their conclusion on what managers say rather than on what managers do.C.They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.D.They have not acknowledged the role of intuition in managerial practice.问题4选项A.A manager performs well-learned and familiar behavior patterns in creative and uncharacteristic ways to solve a problem.B.A manager risks taking an action whose outcome is unpredictable to discover whether the action changes the problem at hand.C.A manager swiftly decides which of several sets of tactics to implement in order to deal with the contingencies suggested by a problem.D.A manager suddenly connects seemingly unrelated facts and experiences to create a pattern relevant to the problem at hand.问题5选项A.Managers sometimes cannot justify their intuitive actions.B.Logical analysis of a problem increases the number of possible solutions.C.Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.D.Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing problems, formulating options, estimating likelihood of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. 多数成功的高级管理人员并没有严格遵循经典的决策分析模型，即首先明确目标，评估问题，制定选择，估计成功的可能性，做出决定，然后采取行动执行决定。”可知ABC三项均为经典决策分析法，D项“为发现有关问题的更多信息而采取的行动”属于高级管理人员运用直觉分析的方法。故D项正确。2.推理判断题。由第一段“Rather, in their day-to-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed “intuition” to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking. 相反，在他们日常的战术演习中，这些高级管理人员依靠被模糊地称为“直觉”的东西来管理一个相互关联的问题网络，要求他们处理模棱两可、不一致、新奇和惊奇;并将行动融入到思考的过程中。”可知B项“制定清晰的目标”不是高级管理人员运用直觉的目的。”正确。ACD三项在文中都有体现。3.推理判断题。由第二段“Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. 几代管理方面的作家都认识到，一些实践中的管理者严重依赖直觉。然而，总的来说，这些作家对直觉的理解很差。”可知C项“他们误解了管理者在做商业决策时是如何使用直觉的。”正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an “Aha!” experience. 直觉的第三个功能是将孤立的数据和实践整合成一个完整的画面，通常是“啊哈!”经验。”可知Aha经验就是将孤立的数据整合成一个完整的画面。故D项“一位经理突然将看似不相关的事实和经历联系起来，从而创造出与手头问题相关的模式。”正确。5.推理判断题。由第二段“First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. 首先，他们直觉地感觉到问题的存在。第二，管理者依靠直觉快速地执行经过良好学习的行为模式。这种直觉不是武断的或非理性的，而是建立在多年艰苦的实践和建立技能的实际经验的基础上。”可知C项“直觉使管理者更有效地运用他们的实践经验。”正确。6. 翻译题Translate the following passage from Chinese into English人皆生而为新，为前所未有之所存在：人皆生而能赢。人皆有其特立独行之方式去审视，聆听，触摸，品味及思考，因而都具备独特潜质，能力和局限。人皆能举足轻重，富有创意，成就功业。“成者”与“败者”含义颇多。谈及成者我们并非指的是使他人失败的人。对我们而言，成者必为人守信，值得信赖，有求必应，态度诚恳，或为个人，或为社会一员皆能以真诚回应他人。成者敢于利用所学，独立思考，区分事实与观点，且并不佯装通晓所有答案，他们倾听，权衡他人意见，但能得出自己的结论。尽管他们尊重，敬佩他们，但并不为他们所局限，所束缚，也不对他人敬若神灵。【答案】Each human being is born as something new, something that never existed before. Each is born with the capacity to win at life. Each person has a unique way of seeing, hearing, touching, tasting and thinking. Each has his or her own unique potentials, capabilities and limitations. Each can be a significant and creative being, as well as be a winner.The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. They listen to others; evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them.7. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English.1. 今天，被近千年的传统所束缚并且缺少充足政府资助的牛津大学，难以轻松应对加快了的全球教育变革步伐。不管对错与否，其他学校都重点建设商务类的课程时，牛津尤其 慢慢吞吞，或者很不情愿如此，这样在资源竞争中就落在剑桥这样的大学之后，而这些资源倾向于流向看重商务的学校。2. 自2008年以来，快递数量增长的一半都来自于“海淘”买家。因此，尽管近年来贸易总体增长缓慢，但跨境电子商务的兴起让快递公司仍然生意兴隆，国际快递三大巨头最 新季度收入创下新高。不过快递业面临着一个新的挑战：由于特朗普的保护主义倾向和英国脱欧(Brexit)，贸易壁垒将重新回归。【答案】1.Today, Oxford University that has been limited by a tradition of about one thousand years and lacked sufficient governmental funding, is difficult to cope with the quickened pace of global education revolution. Whether rightly or wrongly, while other universities are paying attention to building business courses, Oxford University is particularly slow to follow. Consequently, it has fallen behind universities like Cambridge University in resource competition which tend to flow to universities that focuses on business courses.2.Since 2008, half of the growth in the volume of express delivery has derived from buyers who make their purchases in “cross-border online shopping.” Therefore, although overall trade growth has been slow in recent years, the rise of cross-border e-commerce has still allowed express companies to drive a roaring trade. The three biggest international express companies have reached a new high in their latest quarterly revenue. But the express industry is faced with a new challenge: trade barriers will return due to Trumps protectionist tendencies and Brexit.8. 问答题But career planning should help you to (A) approach and cope better with new problems, such as deciding whether or not (B) enter educational or training programs, change jobs, and (C) analyze the difficulties you are having (D) with a situation or a person.【答案】C；“analyze” 改为 “analyzing”。【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：但是职业规划应该帮助你更好地处理新问题，比如决定是否参加教育或培训项目，是否换工作，以及分析你正面临的与某种情况或某人有关的困难。根据句子结构，“and”连接并列的宾语成分，共同作“such as”的宾语，所以“deciding”和“analyze”构成并列结构，在形式上须保持一致。所以将“analyze”改为“analyzing”。9. 问答题But the most important lesson of this often unhappy modern world is (A) progress comes from planning. (B) Ignorance (C) about ones career is not (D) bliss and reason is better than chance and fate.【答案】A；“progress”前添加“that”。【解析】考查从句。句意：但是在这个经常不快乐的现代世界中，最重要的教训就是：进步来自计划。对自己的职业一无所知并不是一种福气，并且理性胜于机遇和命运。根据句子结构，第一句中句子的主语为“the most important lesson of this often unhappy modern world”，系动词为“is”，其后的从句“progress comes from planning”为表语从句，需用引导词that引导表语从句。所以在从句前添加引导词“that”。10. 翻译题Translate the following Chinese sentences into English.由于消费支出占国家总产出的大约三分之二，所以恢复消费者信心是格林斯潘和国会的 当务之急。许多美国企业，尤其是飞机和其他髙价值工业的机械和设备制造商坚持认为，这些法规 对抵制欧盟实施的经WT0批准的出口增值税退税来说是必要的。当一个WT0成员国政府就某一争端提出投诉而且该投诉政府认为其利益正受到另一成员政府行为的损害吋，争端解决机构(DSB)才了解到该事件。在过去五年里，欧洲的商业及企业环境也发生了可观的变化；私募股权投资公司已经成为新的投资来源，它的出现提高了就业率，同吋也创造了新的价值。韦尔奇并非出身富贵之门，也决非一夜成名，他是靠自己的奋斗脱颖而出。【答案】Because the consumption expense takes up about two thirds of the whole nations gross output, its urgent for Greenspan and the parliamentary to recover the consumption confidence.Many American industries, especially the manufacturers of the air industry and other high-interest machinery and equipment industries, insist that these rules be essential to resist the drawback of export value-added tax issued by the EU and sanctified by WTO.Only when a member government of WTO appeals to certain dispute and complains that its interest is being undermined by another member government, will the DSB get to know the issue.In the past five years, considerable changes have taken place in the European business and industry environment; the private stock equity corporations, whose appearance increased the employment rate and created new wealth, have become the new source of investment.Welch was not born rich, nor did he become famous overnight. He outstood by his own striving.11. 单选题If England had won the Revolutionary War, the whole history of the English-speaking A B