考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学模拟考试题含答案50

考研考博-考博英语-四川农业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Please drop in whenever you can. Id like to keep _ touch.问题1选项A.inB.onC.toD.with【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有空请随时来坐坐。我想保持联系。keep in touch是固定搭配，意为“保持联系”。其他三项不能进行搭配。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.After the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) was founded in 1927, the particular style of speech of the BBC announcers was recognized as Standard English or Received Pronunciation (RP) English. Now, most people still consider that the pronunciation and delivery of BBC announcers is the clearest and most understandable spoken English.English has had a strong association with class and social status. However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery, and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.As the need has arisen, new words have been invented or found from other languages and incorporated into English. Similarly, old words and expressions have been discarded as their usefulness has diminished or the fashions have passed. This also happens to styles and modes of speech which became fashionable at a particular time and in specific circumstances.By the end of the 1960s it became apparent that it was not necessary to speak Standard English or even correct grammar to become popular, successful and rich. The fashionable speech of the day was no longer the prerogative of a privileged class but rather a defiant expression of class lessness.The greatest single influence of the shaping of the English language in modern times is the American English. Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.In the 1970s, fashion favored stressless pronunciation and a language full of jargon, slang and “in” words, much of it quite incomprehensible to the outside world. What is considered modern and fashionable in Britain today is often not the kind of English taught in schools and colleges.1. Which one of the following is NOT true?2. What does the author imply by saying “there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery” (Para. 3)?3. According to the author, there was a trend in the U. S. for the young people _.4. The word “mid-Atlantic” in the passage (Para. 6) probably means _.5. It can be concluded from the passage that _.问题1选项A.The use of the English language has not changed much in this century.B.The BBC announcers speak Standard English.C.English has no association with class and social status now.D.Young people all speak English in the same way.问题2选项A.People all speak English like BBC announcers.B.There is a great change of attitude about how English should be spoken.C.Some people still think their way of speaking is inferior.D.Most people dont believe their way of speaking is inferior.问题3选项A.to speak Standard EnglishB.to speak English without class distinctionC.to speak English with class distinctionD.to speak English with grammar mistakes问题4选项A.American and EuropeanB.American and BritishC.the Atlantic OceanD.in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean问题5选项A.Standard English is taught in school and collegesB.the young people are defiant because they refuse to speak Standard EnglishC.English language is influenced by American English in the last 25 yearsD.there has been a great change in the English language in this century【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。），说明随着英语语言有了很大的改变，英语语言的使用也同样如此。因此A选项“本世纪以来，英语的使用没有什么变化”与原文不符，本题选A。B选项“BBC的播音员说的是标准英语”，C选项“现在英语与阶级和社会地位没有关联”，D选项“年轻人都以同样的方式说英语”在文中均有所提及，所以排除B, C, D。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句However, since the Second World War there has been a considerable change of attitude towards speech snobbery（然而，自第二次世界大战以来，人们对言语势利的态度发生了相当大的变化），“言语势利”是指通过言语判断社会阶层，说明大部分人不认为标准英语有什么了不起了。因此D选项“大多数人不认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”正确。A选项“人们都像BBC播音员一样说英语”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“对如何说英语的态度有了很大的改变”，原文只说对于言语势利的态度发生了变化，所以B错误。C选项“有些人仍然认为他们的说话方式是低劣的”与原文意思相反，所以C错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句and hallmarks of class distinction such as styles of speech have been gradually discarded, especially by the younger generation.（诸如言论风格等阶级区分的标志逐渐被摒弃，尤其是在年轻一代中。），说明年轻人使用英语没有了阶级划分。因此B选项“说英语不分等级”正确。A选项“说标准英语”，C选项“说有阶级差别的英语”，D选项“说有语法错误的英语”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词“mid-Atlantic”可以定位到文章第六段第二句Over the last 25 years the English used by many people, particularly by those in the media, advertising and show business, has become more and more mid-Atlantic in style, delivery and accent.（在过去的25年里，许多人使用的英语，尤其是媒体、广告和演艺界使用的英语，在风格、表达方式和口音上越来越像大西洋中部的英语。），说明美式英语对英语影响很大，前文第二段又说到BBC英式英语一直是标准英语，那么现在的英语就必定是受美式英语很大影响的英式英语，而地理上大西洋正好位于英、美之间。因此B选项“美国和英国”正确。A选项“美国和欧洲”，C选项“大西洋”，D选项“在大西洋的中间”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。5.推理判断题。A选项“学校里教的是标准英语”，由原文可知，标准英语就是BBC英语，学校不可能都在教BBC英语，所以A错误。B选项“年轻人拒讲标准英语因为他们是叛逆的”，由原文可知，年轻人主要是不想在讲话时显出阶级差别，事实上二战后很多人都这样，不仅是年轻人，不能根据这一点说明年轻人是叛逆的，所以B错误。C选项“在过去的25年里，英语受到美国英语的影响”，由原文可知，语言的影响是一个长期的过程，不能说在特定一段时间影响，所以C错误。D选项“本世纪以来，英语有了很大的变化”，根据文章第一段As the English language has changed at a fast speed in this century, so has the use of the English language.（在这个世纪里，随着英语语言的快速变化，英语语言的使用也在快速变化。）可知，本世纪以来英语有了很大的变化，所以D选项正确。3. 单选题To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.The concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and the customerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers. A striking example of the importance of catering to the consumer presented itself in mid-1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1. The marketing concept discussed in the passage is, in essence, _.2. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?3. According to the passage, “to move as much of these goods as possible” (para. 1) means _.4. What does the restoration of the Classic Coke best illustrate?5. In discussing the market concept, the author focuses on _.问题1选项A.the practice of turning goods into moneyB.making goods available for purchaseC.the customer-centered approachD.a form of persuasive salesmanship问题2选项A.Most industries today concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods.B.Companies today focus on the preferences of the dealers.C.Companies put the consumer interest above their own interest.D.Analysis of the consumer interest does good to the companies.问题3选项A.to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB.to transport goods as efficiently as possibleC.to dispose these goods in large quantitiesD.to redesign these goods for large-scale production问题4选项A.Traditional goods have a stronger appeal to the majority of people.B.It takes time for a new product to be accepted by the public.C.Consumers with conservative taste are often difficult to please.D.Products must be designed to suit the taste of consumer.问题5选项A.its main characteristicB.its social impactC.its possible consequenceD.its theoretical basis【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept（市场营销注重顾客的需求。它首先分析顾客的喜好和需求，然后再生产出他们满意的商品。这种着眼于顾客的销售方式就是人们所说的市场营销），说明市场营销是以顾客为中心的销售方式。因此C选项“一种以客户为中心的方法”正确。A选项“把产品变成金钱的一种做法”，D选项“销售人员说服劝导的一种方式”是传统销售的方式，所以A, D错误。B选项“根据人们的购买需求生产产品”，由原文可知，这只是市场营销的一个步骤，而不是其本质，所以B错误。2.客观细节题。A选项“当今大多数行业主要集中在商品的有效生产上”，由原文Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods（就在几年前，大多数行业主要专注于产品的高效生产）可知，这是几年前传统销售的做法，所以A错误。B选项“今天的公司关注经销商的喜好”，由原文the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.（制造商和经销商首先要努力找出消费者想要购买的东西，然后再去生产提供购买。）可知，如今的公司更关注消费者的喜好，所以B错误。C选项“公司把消费者的利益放在自己的利益之上”，由原文The concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company.（这个概念并不意味着商业是仁慈的，或者消费者的满意度优先于公司的利润。）可知，公司还是将自己的利益放在首位，所以C错误。D选项“对消费者兴趣的分析对公司有好处”，由原文Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers.（然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到，最可靠的盈利途径是通过了解和迎合消费者。）可知，迎合消费者的兴趣有利于公司盈利，D选项符合原文，所以本题选D。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“to move as much of these goods as possible”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible.（就在几年前，大多数行业主要专注于产品的高效生产，然后依靠“有说服力的销售技巧”来尽可能多地销售这些产品。），说明“to move as much of these goods as possible”在文中是指“尽可能多地销售产品”的意思。因此A选项“尽可能多地销售产品”正确。B选项“尽可能高效地运输产品”，C选项“大批量地处理这些产品”，D选项“重新设计这些产品以便于可以大规模制造”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and catering to customers.（然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到，最可靠的盈利途径是通过了解和迎合消费者。），接着举了可口可乐公司重新恢复经典口味可乐的例子，说明恢复经典配方是为了迎合顾客的口味。因此D选项“商品的设计应该贴合消费者的口味”正确。A选项“传统型产品对于大多数人来说有着更强的吸引力”，B选项“一种新的产品为公众所接受是需要时间的”，C选项“那些口味保守的消费者最难取悦”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。5.主旨大意题。结合全文可知，作者旨在向读者介绍市场营销这一概念的基本特征，即根据顾客的需求组织生产，并通过讲述可口可乐公司恢复原配方这一让人印象深刻的例子强化了读者对其基本特征的了解。因此A选项“其主要特点”正确。B选项“其社会影响”，C选项“其可能带来的后果”，D选项“其理论基础”在文中均没有提及，所以B, C, D错误。4. 单选题Their dog was a substitute _ the children they had never had.问题1选项A.asB.ofC.toD.for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：他们的狗代替了他们从未有过的孩子。a substitute for是固定搭配，意为“某种东西的替代物”。其他三项不能和substitute搭配。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题The Greyhound _ outside of New York Bus Station at 6 p.m. and started for Washington D.C. at 6:20 p.m.问题1选项A.pulled upB.pulled downC.pulled outD.pulled on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项pulled up“停下来”；B选项pulled down“推翻”；C选项pulled out“推翻”；D选项pulled on“穿”。句意：灰狗巴士下午6点在纽约公交车站外停下，6点20分开往华盛顿特区。本句表示巴士停车。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.1. The word “exceeded” in paragraph 1 most probably means _.2. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to predict such a short-lived tornado because _.3. According to the passage, the word “Nowcast” (paragraph 3) means _.4. According to the passage, _ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.5. According to the author, the passage mainly deals with _.问题1选项A.added up toB.were more thanC.were aboutD.were less than问题2选项A.the computer is not used to forecast specific local eventsB.the computers are not advanced enough to predict itC.the weather data people collect are often wrongD.weather conditions in some small regions are not available问题3选项A.a way of collecting raw weather dataB.a forecast which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate wayC.a network to collect instant weather dataD.a more advanced system of weather observation问题4选项A.scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellitesB.computer scientistC.meteorologistsD.advanced computer programs问题5选项A.a tornado in Edmonton, AlbertaB.whats a “Nowcast”C.the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecastD.a breakthrough in weather forecast【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。由题干关键词“exceeded”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Total damages from the tornado exceeded $250 million（龙卷风造成的总损失超过2.5亿美元），说明“exceeded”在文中是指“超过”的意思。因此B选项“超过”正确。A选项“加起来”，C选项“大约”，D选项“少于”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms.（传统的大气计算机模型在预测像埃德蒙顿龙卷风这样短暂的局部风暴方面价值有限，因为可用的天气数据通常不够详细，不能让计算机仔细研究这些风暴来临之前微妙的大气变化。），接着指出conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.（传统的天气预报模式能够较好地预测大范围的总体天气情况而不是具体的局部天气事件），说明传统的大气计算机模型不能很好地预测龙卷风是因为一些小区域的数据采集不到。因此D选项“一些小区域的天气状况无法获得”正确。A选项“计算机不是用来预测具体的局部事件的”，B选项“计算机不够先进，无法预测”，C选项“人们收集的天气数据往往是错误的”在文中均没有提及，所以A, B, C错误。3.语义推测题。由题干关键词“Nowcast”可以定位到文章第三段第一句Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible.（直到最近，用于精确的、非常短期的预测或“临近预报”的观测密集方法还不可行。），由前面的“accurate, very short-range forecasts”可以推断出，“Nowcast”在文中是指“准确、及时的天气预报”的意思。因此B选项“一种可以准确预测小区域天气状况的预报”正确。A选项“一种收集原始天气数据的方式”，C选项“一个收集即时天气数据的网络”，D选项“一个更先进的天气观测系统”均不符合题意，所以A, C, D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三句Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems.（幸运的是，科学和技术的进步已经克服了这些问题中的大多数。），说明解决及时预报困难的关键因素是高科技的发展。因此A选项“科学和技术的进步，如雷达或卫星”正确。B选项“计算机科学家”，C选项“气象学家”，D选项“先进的计算机程序”均不符合题意，所以B, C, D错误。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了某次龙卷风造成的损失，指出传统的计算机天气预测模式由于没有详细的天气情况数据而不能对类似于龙卷风的暴风雨做出及时的预报。接着提出直到最近，由于高科技的发展解决了人们收集天气数据时的种种问题，才使得Nowcast这种准确、及时的天气预报成为现实，可知文章主要讲述了天气预报方面的一大突破。因此D选项“天气预报的突破性进展”最符合文章主旨。A选项“艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿市的一场龙卷风”，B选项“什么是Nowcast”，C选项“传统的天气预报计算机模型的缺点”都只讲了文章的某一方面，不能完整地概括文章主旨，所以A, B, C错误。7. 单选题It has been shown that children who smoke have certain characteristics. Compared with non-smokers they are more rebellious, their work deteriorates (变坏) as they move up school, they are more likely to leave school early, and are more often delinquent (犯法的) and sexually precocious (早熟). Many of these features can be summarized as anticipation of adulthood.There are a number of factors which determine the onset of smoking, and these are largely psychological and social. They include availability of cigarettes, curiosity, rebelliousness, appearing tough, anticipation of adulthood, social confidence, the example of parents and teachers, and smoking by friends and older brothers and sisters.It should be much easier to prevent children from starting to smoke than to persuade adults to give up the habit once established, but in fact this has proved very difficult. The example set by people in authority, especially parents, health care workers, and teachers, is of prime importance. School rules should forbid smoking by children on the premises (大楼及附属建筑物). This rule has been introduced at Summer Hill School where I spent my rules, and even in those schools which have tried to enforce no smoking by corporal (肉体的) punishment there is as much smoking as in other schools. Nevertheless, banning smoking is probably on balance beneficial. Teachers too should not smoke on school premises, at least not in front of children.1. In this passage the author puts an emphasis on _.2. Which of the following is a common characteristic of young smokers?3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?4. The writer concludes that school rules to forbid smoking _.5. The authors attitude towards his writing is _.问题1选项A.the effect of smoking among childrenB.the difficulty in preventing children from smokingC.the reasons why children start smoking among childrenD.the measures to ban smoking among children问题2选项A.Disobedience.B.Laziness.C.Lack of intelligence.D.Vanity.问题3选项A.Some children start to smoke out of curiosity.B.Many children start to smoke because they want to appear mature.C.In order to have fewer children smokers, parents, teachers and health care workers should not smoke.D.It is not as difficult to prevent children from starting to smoke as to dissuade adults from smoking.问题4选项A.should be introduced, for it really works at the school where he once studiedB.should not be introduced, for it may cause disturbanceC.should be introduced though it may not work effectivelyD.neednt be introduced as long as teachers dont smoke in fro