考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题含答案1

考研考博-考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Looking at the photo, it suddenly （ ）on him that he had met the wanted man somewhere.问题1选项A.dawnedB.occurredC.happenedD.known【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项dawn“破晓；出现；被领悟”；B选项occur“发生，出现”；C选项happen“发生，碰巧”；D选项know“了解，熟悉”。dawn on sb“（事物）变得令人明白”；occur to sb“（主意或想法突然）浮现于脑中，被想起，被想到”，句意为：看着照片，他突然想到，他在哪个地方遇到过这个通缉犯。故正确答案选A。2. 翻译题 No Englishman believes in working from book learning. He suspects all theories, philosophical or other. He suspects everything new, and dislikes it, unless he can be compelled by the force of circumstances to see that this new thing has advantages over the old. Race-experience is what he invariably depends upon, whenever he can, whether in India, in Egypt, or in Australia. His statesmen do not consult historical precedents in order to decide what to do: they first learn the facts as they are; then they depend upon their own common sense, not at all upon their university learning or upon philosophical theories. And in the case of the English nation, it must be acknowledged that this instinctive method has been eminently successful.【答案】 没有一个英国人相信从书本能学会工作。他们怀疑一切理论，不管是哲学理论还是其他的。他们是对一切新鲜事物持怀疑态度，并深恶痛绝，除非迫于形势，他们才认识到新的事物确比旧的事物更有优势。不管是身在印度、埃及或澳大利亚，只要可能，他们总是依靠他们自己的种族经验。为了做出决策，英国的政治家们并不参阅历史的先例，而是首先如实的弄清楚事实的真相；然后依靠自己的常识，而不是他们的大学学习或哲学理论。就英国民族而论，必须承认这种本能的处事方法一向是成功的。3. 单选题 By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, more explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. According to the passage, which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox?3. The word “rudimentary” (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to（ ）.4. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would（ ）.5. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been “on the right track” (Lines 1-2, Para. 3) to indicate that（ ）.问题1选项A.The influence of ice on the diet.B.The development of refrigeration.C.The transportation of goods to market.D.Sources of ice in the nineteenth century.问题2选项A.The use of insufficient insulation.B.Inadequate understanding of physics.C.The lack of a network for the distribution of ice.D.Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars.问题3选项A.growingB.necessaryC.undevelopedD.uninteresting问题4选项A.stop air from circulatingB.allow ice to melt slowlyC.use blankets to conserve iceD.completely prevent ice from melting问题5选项A.Moores actions were honestB.Moores family was prosperousC.Moores design was fairly successfulD.Moores farm was close to the Washington markete D. completely prevent ice from melting【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。分析文章，第一段讲了“冰盒”这个冰箱原始的名称出现的时间，以及时间上的发展。第二段和第三段都是围绕冰箱，也就是制冷的发展的各个方面来展开的。故正确答案选B。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段“In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. 19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”和最后一句“Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. 直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。”由此可知，答案选B。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段第二句“In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. 19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表语，主语是the knowledge of the physics of heat；结合本段最后一句话，分析上下文语境得出：19世纪早期的热物理知识发展是不足的。这里rudimentary 意思是“粗浅的，不先进的”，所以正确答案选C。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节推断题。第二段中讲：制造一个高效的冰箱并不像我们现在想象的那么容易。19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的。当时最常见的说法是，最好的冰盒是阻止冰融化的，这当然是错误的，因为就是冰的融化产生冷却作用。尽管如此，早期的努力包括用毯子把冰包裹起来，这样冰就不能发挥作用了。直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。由此可判断A、C和D都不符合，答案选B。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段第三句“When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. 当他用自己设计的冰盒把黄油运到市场，他发现顾客会直接忽略他竞争对手桶中快要融化的产品，而宁愿花多点钱买他的仍然新鲜、坚硬的1镑一块的砖头状黄油。”由这句话可以推断本段第一句中的“on the right track做法对了”，说明托马斯莫尔自己设计的冰箱很成功，保存黄油效果很好。故正确答案选C。4. 单选题His friends reminiscences on the civil war were a （ ）excitement to the 80-year-old veteran.问题1选项A.continuousB.continualC.continuingD.continuum【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项continuous“持续不断的”；B选项continual“持续的，频繁的”；C选项continuing 是动词continue “继续；持续”的现在分词；D选项continuum是名词“统一体；连续体”。缺定语修饰a excitement“令人兴奋的一件事”，故continuous“持续不断的”最符合，句意为：朋友们对南北战争的回忆让这位80岁的老兵兴奋不已。5. 单选题 I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well). I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos, bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy. The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in the marketplace. I felt tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course. I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to the floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me! There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1. According to the writer, the woman in the market place .2. Which of the following is NOT correct?3. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because the woman（ ） .4. When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because（ ） . 5. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?问题1选项A.refused to speak to herB.was pleasant and attractiveC.was selling skirts and ribbonsD.recognize her immediately问题2选项A.The writer was used to bargaining.B.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.C.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.D.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.问题3选项A.thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.D.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.问题4选项A.she was afraid of crying in public.B.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.C.she had to show in public that she was strong.D.she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.问题5选项A.She suddenly felt very sad.B.She felt sorry for the woman.C.She liked the ribbons so much.D.She was overcome by emotion.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“she moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. 就像我通常见到的老挝女子一样，她走起路来悠闲而又可爱”，可知选项B“很讨人喜欢和有吸引力”符合题意，因此B正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段“I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos, bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. 我决定买下其中一条裙子，而且我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲买东西讨价还价是习惯。在老挝，讨价还价是以一种轻声细语，十分平静的形式不紧不慢地进行的”。由此可知A选项是没有提及的，故答案选A。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第六段第二句“She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. 她对我能够用老挝语和她说上几句话感到很开心，尽管这些话全是数字，她看得出我懂得讨价还价之间的小玩笑”和第四句“she was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. 她很开心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定价”，可知选项D为最佳答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第八段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. 我学会了如何保护自己不受困难的影响；不知不觉中，我也学会了如何保护自己抵制软弱和随和。”由此可知正确答案选D。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第十段“There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if. 没有什么可以抵御慷慨，而这一次我哭了，非常伤心”文章第九段说作者从市场回来，再次检查买回来的裙子，发现里面夹杂五条扎头发的丝绸带，比自己买的多了两根。她被这种情绪感动了。故选项D为最符合语境的答案。6. 单选题Students should know better than （ ）pets like dogs, cats and mouse at dormitory.问题1选项A.to feedB.feedingC.to have fedD.fed【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。than后一般是接名词或者动名词短语形式的词，故四个选项只有B符合语境。句意为：学生应该知道最好不要在宿舍里养狗、猫和老鼠之类的宠物。7. 翻译题 Building a degree of transportation and inventory cost ambiguity into the system design will allow one to estimate high and low values for these costs, with the comfort that costs will come in between these worst and best cases. Global sourcing systems are also dynamic creatures, subject to change and improvement over time. It is essential that the performance of the sourcing system be monitored by all parties to the partnership to maintain its common focus. Several additional items should be considered whenever international sourcing is an alternative for a firm: possible use of child labor, changing tariff structures, foreign trade zones, exporting for assembly in bond, and counter trade.【答案】 在系统设计中建立一定程度的运输和库存成本的模糊性，将可以估算出这些成本的高值和低值，而成本将会在这些最坏和最好的情况之间。全球采购系统也是动态的，随着时间的推移会发生变化和改进。至关重要的是，结为伙伴关系的各方都要对采购系统的性能进行监控，以确保达成共识。当国际采购是公司的一种选择时，应考虑以下额外几点：使用童工的可能性，变化的关税结构，外贸区，保税出口组装和补偿贸易。8. 单选题Johnson invited his old sister Sue to Los Angeles, but her physical report（ ）, she declined the invitation.问题1选项A.did not come outB.has not come outC.does not come outD.having not come out【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句中her physical report不是句子结构，只有having not come out做伴随状语符合题意，句意为：约翰逊邀请他的姐姐苏去洛杉矶，但她的身体报告还没出来，她拒绝了邀请。故答案选D。其他三项都是句子结构。9. 单选题The little girl thought failing in examination as （ ）, so she was unwilling to tell her parents.问题1选项A.humidityB.humiliationC.humilityD.humanity【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项humidity“湿度”；B选项humiliation“丢脸，耻辱”；C选项humility“谦卑，谦虚”；D选项humanity“人类，人道”。根据关键词“failing in examination考试不及格”和动词“thought认为”可知空格部分为“可耻，耻辱”，句意为：这个小女孩认为考试不及格很可耻，所以没有告诉她的父母。故正确答案选B。10. 单选题Although the two players are（ ）in the tennis court, they are really good friends.问题1选项A.partnersB.rivalsC.enemiesD.companions【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】名词辨析题。A选项partner“同伴、合伙人”；B选项rival “对手、竞争者”；C选项enemy“敌人”；D选项companion“同伴、伙伴”，空格所在的句子为让步状语从句，句子意思为“尽管两位选手在网球场上是对手”，可知空格部分单词意思为“对手”，和主句中的“good friends好朋友”是正反义词关系，句意为：尽管两位选手在网球场上是对手，但是她们是很好的朋友。故正确答案选B。11. 单选题All the students have to to （ ）the rules and regulations of the school.问题1选项A.confirmB.confrontC.conformD.confine【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confirm“确定，确认”；B选项confront“面对，遭遇”；C选项conform“符合，遵照”；D选项confine“限制，禁闭”。由关键词“the rules and regulations规章制度”可知空格部分单词意思为“遵守，遵循”，句意为：所有的学生都要遵守学校的规章制度。选项C意思与之相近。12. 单选题（ ） much has been known about mammary cancer, the precise way to cure of it still remains largely in the realm of testing.问题1选项A.WhileB.SinceC.BecauseD.When【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。while在这里的意思为“尽管”；since“因为；由于，既然”，because“因为”；when“当”。根据句子意思推断选项A最符合题意。句意为：尽管我们对于乳腺癌了解很多，但是关于治疗的最精准的方法仍处于测试阶段。13. 单选题It is reported that thirty people were killed in a （ ）on the railway yesterday.问题1选项A.collisionB.collaborationC.corrosionD.confrontation【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项collision“碰撞”；B选项collaboration“合作，勾结”；C选项corrosion“腐蚀，侵蚀”；D选项confrontation“对抗，面对”，根据空格前后的句子成分判断，这里应该填一个名词，充当介词的宾语，从句意思是“有30人在昨天的铁路撞击事故中丧生”，可知空格部分单词为“撞击事故”，句意为：据报道有30人在昨天的铁路撞击事故中丧生。故正确答案A。14. 单选题The phrase “a grief ago” （ ）from the conventional norm that we should put a period of time such as “five minutes” before “ago”.问题1选项A.deviatesB.disconnectsC.detachesD.distortes【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deviate“使脱离，偏离”；B选项disconnect“拆开，使分离”；C选项detach“分离，派遣”；D选项distort“扭曲，变形”。根据句子的主语“phrase短语”和介词from，可知空格意思为“偏离”，四个选项中deviate from有“偏离”的意思，最符合空格意思，故正确答案选A。15. 单选题Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, （ ）themselves.问题1选项A.expandingB.stretchingC.prolongingD.extending【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项expand“扩张，使膨胀”；B选项stretch“伸展，张开”；C选项prolong“延长，拖延（延长时间）”；D选项extend“延伸，扩大，推广，伸出”。stretch oneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懒腰，伸展身体”，句意为：做完早上的工作后，职员们从桌子后面站起来，伸展伸展身体。故正确答案选B。16. 翻译题 Companies now realize that viruses arent “urban myth”, and can be a serious impact on their operations. They invest in anti-virus software on the desktops, servers and email gateways and even put in place procedures to ensure their anti-virus is up-to-date with the very latest detection routines. Anti-virus software detects most of the viruses your users are likely to encounteroften without the user even knowing. However, anti-virus software must be updated regularly, preferably daily in any large company. Even then, a very new virus can infect your users. With the rapid transmission of files through networks and the Internet, a virus can spread a considerable distance before it can be identified and protected against.【答案】 各家公司现在意识到病毒并不是“现代神话”，而确实会严重影响到公司的运作。他们投资杀毒软件，安装在计算机、服务器以及电子邮件网关上，甚至还采取措施确保使用最 新的检查程序，随时更新杀毒软件。杀毒软件确实能检测出用户会碰到的绝大多数病毒，而且往往在用户毫无察觉时就已经处理完毕。然而，软件必须定期更新，大公司则最好是每天更新一次。即使是这样，一种非常新的病毒也还是可能感染到用户。通过网络和互联网，文件可以快速地传输，等到人们发现一种病毒并加以防范时，病毒可能已经扩散到了相当的范围。17. 单选题Since a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is accepted as a symbol of （ ）love.问题1选项A.successiveB.consecutiveC.eternalD.insistent【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的，继承的”；B选项consecutive“连贯的，连续不断的”；C选项eternal“永恒的”；D选项insistent“坚持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因为圆没有起点和终点”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“love爱”组成所有格结构。这里需要填入一个形容词，表示“永远的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意为：因为圆没有起点和终点，所以婚戒被当作永恒爱情的象征。故正确答案为C。18. 单选题Visitors to India are often surprised to find that Taj Mahal is an almost （ ）topic of conversation.问题1选项A.inexhaustedB.inexhaustibleC.inexhaustiveD.inexhausting【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A、D选项单词不存在，B选项inexhaustible“用不完的”；C选项inexhaustive“不详尽的、不彻底的”。句意为：到印度的旅行者通常都会惊讶的发现泰姬陵几乎是一个谈论不完的话题，B选项符合题意，故答案选B。19. 单选题The law on drinking and driving is （ ）stated.问题1选项A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.explicitlyD.exceptionally【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查副词辨析。A选项extravagantly“挥霍无度地”；B选项empirically“以经验为主地”；C选项explicitly“明确地，明白地”；D选项exceptionally“例外地，特殊地”。根据关键词“law法律”和“stated被表明，被解释”，可知“明确地”符合题意，句意为：有关醉酒驾驶的法律规定得很清楚。故正确答案选C。20. 翻译题 Implicit in the above questions is the development of sourcing alternatives. In designing systems, the prudent manager has an alternative in mind, albeit an alternative that may not be a first choice, but one that will functionally substitute should a given procedure, supplier, or nation become temporarily unavailable. Specification should thus include the nature of relationships between the company and its suppliers, appropriate communication styles and linkages, and a clear statement of company philosophy and expectations for dealing with its own customers.【答案】 在上述问题中，寻找替代方案是不言而喻的。在设计系统时，谨慎的管理者脑海中会有一个备选方案，尽管这个备选方案不是首选，但是，如果指定的程序、供应商或供货国家暂时无法使用，这个方案将能顶替并起作用。因此，细则中应该说明公司与其供应商之间关系的性质，合适的沟通方式和联系方式，以及明确说明公司的理念和与本公司打交道的要求。