2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷44（含答案详解）

2022年考博英语-西南林业大学考试名师点拨押题密卷（含答案详解）1. 单选题Whoever said that victory has many fathers and defeat is an orphan, surely had never heard of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In the case of the hapless multilateral trade body and its long suffering representatives, the total failure of the opening meeting of the so-called Millennium trade round has lots of people boasting of their roles in the violent physical struggle. Well. Thats just brilliant. They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.The 135-members WTO is composed of sovereign of sovereign governments wishing to further this goal and ease the settlement of international trade disputes. From the sounds emanating from Seattle, though, it would now seem the WTO has now replaced the Trilateral Commission and the Freemasons as candidate No. 1 to take over the world.Everybody has his favorite Seattle story. The citys police chief will have plenty of time to think about his, having now resigned in disgrace over the loss of control of downtown Seattle. The Seattle business community may be more inclined to brood over theirs; the poor fools invested9 million to attract the meeting to their fine city. What stands out more? I would nominate the union of steel workers who were marching in protest. Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.The debate now is over just how effective this anti-globalist coalition will turn out to be. In the heat of the moment, it always looks as though the world as we know it is coming to an enD.But the overwhelming likelihood is that we have not actually seen a relay of the anti-Vietnam War movement, which had much clearer focus, obviously, though its consequences were far-reaching. How long, after all, can you protest against cheap imports when those same imports are all over you house?No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit. Which may be both good and baD.Taking the long view, other trade rounds have had difficult beginnings, too. It took years to get the Uruguay Round under way, which finally happened in 1986. Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.Still, it is a disgrace that the worlds greatest trading nation, i. e. the United States, is currently led by a man whose motivations are so narrowly political and egocentric that he has now wrecked any chance of entering the history books as a champion of free trade.1. According to the passage, the failure of the Seattle meeting is chiefly caused by_ .2. We can learn from the beginning of the passage that_ .3. One of the WTOs goals as mentioned in the passage is to_ .4. By saying that “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come.” (the last sentence in Paragraph 3) the author means that_.5. The author is obviously critical of President Clinton for_ .问题1选项A.anti-globalist and pro-globalist conflictsB.President Clintons wrong initiativesC.the strong protests from diverse groupsD.the polices failure to maintain order问题2选项A.different forces contributed to the failure of the Millennium trade roundB.many people bragged of their presence at the Millennium trade roundC.there existed a range of violent debated as to the prospects of the WTOD.only a few members were proud of their membership of the WTO问题3选项A.serve as arbiters in international trade disputesB.ensure cheap export and import of goods unnecessarilyC.bring about the globalization of worlds tradesD.encourage free trade and goods exchanges worldwide问题4选项A.the WTO is likely to have a negative image in peoples mind in the futureB.the WTO will have trouble changing peoples way of thinking in the futureC.the startling scene will probably linger in peoples mind the years to comeD.people will lose whatever confidence they hold in the future of the WTO问题5选项A.his failing to match his words with his actionsB.his handling the matter in a wrong perspectiveC.his lacking historical knowledge about the WTOD.his overemphasizing the economic role of the WTO【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Seattle meeting”可以定位到文章第五段中“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.” 中文翻译为：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。可以得知B选项“克林顿总统的错误举措”正确。2.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段，中文翻译为：谁说胜利有许多父亲，失败是一个孤儿，肯定没有听说过世界贸易组织(WTO)。以不幸的多边贸易组织及其长期受苦受难的代表们为例，所谓的千年贸易回合(Millennium trade round)开幕式的彻底失败，让很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色。好，这就是灿烂的。他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。A选项“不同的力量促成了千年贸易谈判的失败”符合题意。B选项“许多人吹嘘他们出席了千年贸易谈判” 不符合题意，故排除。C选项“关于世贸组织的前景存在着一系列激烈的争论”不符合题意，故排除。D选项 “只有几个成员国为他们是世贸组织的成员而感到自豪”不符合题意，文中很多人吹嘘自己在这场激烈的斗争中扮演的角色，故排除。3.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“They are proud of being part of a movement that wants to wreck the most important engine of economic growth, prosperity and overall global rising living standards we have the freedom of trade and movement of people and goods between nations.” 中文翻译为：他们为自己是一场运动的一部分而感到自豪，这场运动希望摧毁我们所拥有的经济增长、繁荣和全球整体生活水平不断提高的最重要引擎贸易自由以及国与国之间人员和货物流动。 D选项“鼓励世界范围内的自由贸易和商品交流”符合题意，故选D。A选项“在国际贸易争端中担任仲裁者”不符合题意，故排除。B选项“确保不必要的廉价进出口”不符合题意，故排除。C选项 “带来世界贸易的全球化”不符合题意，故排除。4.作者意图题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段最后一句 “Its an image that will boggle the mind for years to come. ”中文翻译：这是一个在未来几年里会让人难以置信的画面。A选项“WTO在未来很可能在人们的脑海中有一个负面的形象”与题干句子意思相符，因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。通读题干定位到文章第五段最后一句“Thankfully, we will soon be electing another president, and it should be someone whose actions match his rhetoric.”中文大意：值得庆幸的是，我们很快将选出另一位总统，而这位总统应该是言行一致的人。根据前文“No, the real reason for the disaster in Seattle is political, and reports coming out of the meeting point to President Clinton as a major culprit.”中文大意：不，西雅图灾难的真正原因是政治，会议的报告指出，总统克林顿是主要的罪魁祸首。前文批判克林顿为 “罪魁祸首”，后文笔者说值得庆幸的是将选出另外一位言行一致的总统。A选项“他言行不一致”最符合题意，因此选A。2. 单选题It was already known that at least some genetic abnormalities are caused by the absence of specific proteins.问题1选项A.irregularitiesB.similaritiesC.activitiesD.qualities【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 irregularity “不规则；无规律；不整齐”；B选项 similarity “类似；相似点”；C选项 activity “活动；活动区；活动性”；D选项 quality “质量，统计 品质；特性；才能”。句意：人们已经知道，至少有些基因异常是由缺乏特定蛋白质引起的。结合此处关键词 abnormalities “异常；畸形”，得知A为正确答案。3. 单选题The subject of safety must be placed at the top of the _.问题1选项A.agendaB.bulletinC.routineD.timetable【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项agenda“议程；日常工作事项；日程表”；B选项bulletin“公告，公报”；C选项routine“常规，惯例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套动作；（计算机）例行程序”；D选项timetable “时间表；时刻表；课程表”。句意：安全问题必须放在议程的首位。结合此处语境，A选项正确。4. 单选题Doctors are interested in using lasers as surgical tools in operations on people who are prone to heart attack.问题1选项A.are infectious toB.are accessible toC.are disposed ofD.are susceptible to【答案】D【解析】考查词组词义辨析。A选项are infectious to “有传染性”；B选项 are accessible to “都可以访问”；C选项 are disposed of “正在处理”；D选项 are susceptible to “易受”。句意：医生有兴趣使用激光作为手术工具，对那些容易心脏病发作的人进行手术。根据此处关键词heart attack（心脏病）可排除A选项，B选项及C选项不符合句意也可排除，D选项are susceptible to“易受”最符合题意，因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making _ statements such as “Your sorrows will change”.问题1选项A.philosophicalB.ambiguousC.literalD.invalid【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 philosophical “哲学的（等于philosophic）；冷静的”；B选项 ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；C选项 literal “文字的；逐字的；无夸张的”；D选项 invalid “无效的；有病的；残疾的”。句意：算命的人擅长说一些模棱两可的话，比如“你的悲伤会变的”。根据句意，B选项正确。6. 翻译题通过资料查阅、实地调研、数据分析和专家会商等途径，筛选出适用于该地区的古树健康诊断形态指标，确立各指标的分级依据，构建古树健康诊断标准，并依据该标准对滇中地区86株古树（树名暂略）的健康状况进行诊查。结果表明：古树的健康状况大多为良和一般，不同树种有些许差异，其结果与古树长势强弱成正相关,能够反映古树健康的真实状况，应用效果良好。此外，对影响古树健康状况的原因进行分析，并提出相应解决方法。【答案】By means of data consulting, field research, data analysis and expert consultation, this paper screened out the diagnostic morphological indexes of ancient trees suitable for this area, established the grading basis of each index, constructed the diagnostic criteria of ancient trees health, and based on the criteria, diagnosed the health status of 86 ancient trees (tree names are temporarily abbreviated) in central Yunnan. The results showed that the health status of ancient trees was mostly good and average, with some differences among different tree species. The results were positively correlated with the growth strength of ancient trees, which could reflect the real health status of ancient trees, and the application effect was good. In addition, the reasons that affect the health status of ancient trees are analyzed, and corresponding solutions are put forward.7. 单选题In practice the theory often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail.问题1选项A.declineB.fluctuateC.frustrateD.prosper【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 decline “下降；衰落；谢绝”；B选项 fluctuate “波动；涨落；动摇”；C选项 frustrate“失败；受挫”；D选项prosper“繁荣，昌盛；成功”。句意：在实践中，这一理论往往使铁路公司处于决定哪些公司会兴旺发达、哪些会倒闭的位置。结合此处关键词fail“衰败；倒闭”，可推测前文的单词应是与之相反的词，得知D选项正确。8. 单选题Already in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there had been a powerful alignment between rural cultural ethics and church teaching.问题1选项A.allianceB.agreementC.conflictD.contradiction【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项 alliance “联盟，联合；联姻”；B选项 agreement “协议；同意，一致”；C选项 conflict “冲突，矛盾；斗争；争执”；D选项 contradiction “矛盾；否认；反驳”。句意：早在18和19世纪，乡村文化伦理和教会教义之间就已经有了强有力的结合。结合此处关键词 alignment “结盟”，得知A为正确答案。9. 单选题European Union environmental officials have determined that two kinds of genetically modified corn could harm butterflies, affect food chains and disturb life in rivers and streams, and they have proposed a ban on the sale of the seeds, which are made by DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and SyngentA.The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission, which has the final say. Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States. The seeds are not available on the European market for cultivation.In the decisions, the environment commissioner, Stavros Dimas, contends that the genetically modified com, or maize could affect certain butterfly species, specifically the monarch, and other beneficial insects. For instance, research this year indicates that larvae of the monarch butterfly exposed to the genetically modified com “behave differently than other larvae.” In the decision concerning the corn seeds produced by Dow and Pioneer, Mr. Dimas calls “potential damage on the environment irreversible.” In the decision on Syngentas com, he says that “the level of risk generated by the cultivation of this product for the environment is unacceptable.”A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn. Banning the applications for corn crops also would mark a bold new step for European environmental authorities, who are already aggressively pursuing regulations on emissions from cars and aircraft, setting it at odds with the United States and angering industries.“These products have been grown in the U.S. and other countries for years,” said Stephen Norton, a spokesman for the United States trade representative, “We are not aware of any other case when a product has been rejected after having been reviewed and determined safe by European food safety authorities,” he said.Barbara Helfferich, a spokeswoman for Mr. Dimas, declined to comment on the specifics of the procedure because commissioners had not yet made a final decision. But she said that the European Union was within its rights to make decisions based on the “precautionary principle” even when scientists had found no definitive evidence proving products can cause harm. She said that the decisions by Mr. Dimas could go before the commission within a few weeks, but she said that no date had been set. In the decisions, Mr. Dimas cited recent research showing that consumption of genetically modified “com byproducts reduced growth and increased mortality of non-target stream insects” and that these insects “are important prey for aquatic and riparian predators” and that this could have “unexpected ecosystem-scale consequences.”Although still preliminary, his decisions could drastically tilt the policy against future approvals of genetically modified crops, said Nathalie Moll, a spokeswoman for Europabio, an industry group with 80 members including Syngenta, Pioneer and Dow. Europabio says that the crops grown using the genetically modified com are already imported into several European countries, including France and Germany, where they are used to feed animals like cows and chickens.Rob Gianfranceschi, spokesman at the United States mission to the European Union in Brussels, said it was too early to comment on a decision that had not yet been formalizeD.But he made clear that the United States remained frustrated with European policies on genetically modified crops.1. The preliminary decisions are made by _ .2. To the decisions, the European Commission officials attitudes are _.3. About the decisions, which one of the following statements is TRUE?4. Mr. Dimas cited many researches on the genetically modified corn in his decision in order to _.5. The word “tilt” in ParA.6 most probably means _.问题1选项A.Stavros DimasB.European Union environmental officialsC.European CommissionD.DuPont Pioneer, Dow Agrosciences and Syngenta问题2选项A.skepticalB.controversialC.divergentD.contradictory问题3选项A.The decisions aim to put a ban on the sale of the seeds of genetically modified corn due to political and biological concernsB.The decisions could probably be made even if no definitive evidence proving the products harmful is foundC.The decisions are warmly embraced by all EU members but bitterly rejected by their trade partnersD.There is high possibility that the decisions would be approved by the European Commission问题4选项A.dispel some officials doubt on his decisionsB.assure that they can be presented before the commission with solid evidenceC.demonstrate the latest achievement of his decisionD.enhance the strength of his decision-making问题5选项A.induceB.affectC.inclineD.evoke【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“preliminary decisions”（初步的决定）可定位到文中第一段第二句“The preliminary decisions are circulating within the European Commission,”（初步决定正在拥有最终决定权的欧盟委员会内部流传），故判断C选项“欧盟委员会”正确。2.细节事实题。由题干关键词“European Commission official”（欧盟委员会官员）可定位到文中第一段第三句“Some officials there are skeptical of a ban that would upset the powerful biotechnology industry and could exacerbate tensions with important trading partners like the United States.”（一些官员对这一禁令持怀疑态度，因为它将扰乱强大的生物技术产业，并可能加剧与美国等重要贸易伙伴的紧张关系）。A选项“持怀疑态度的”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“有争议的”，可排除。C选项“发散的”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“矛盾的”不符合题意，可排除。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“decisions”（决定）可定位到文中第三段“A decision by the European Union to bar cultivation of the genetically modified crops would be the first of its kind in the trade bloc, and would intensify the continuing battle over genetically modified corn”。中文翻译：欧盟禁止种植转基因作物的决定，将是欧盟首次做出此类决定，并将加剧围绕转基因作物的持续斗争。A选项“出于政治和生物方面的考虑，这些决定旨在禁止销售转基因玉米种子”符合题意，因此A选项正确。B选项“即使没有确凿的证据证明产品有害，也有可能做出决定”，可排除。C选项“这些决定受到所有欧盟成员国的热烈欢迎，但遭到其贸易伙伴的强烈反对”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“这些决定很有可能得到欧盟委员会的批准。”不符合题意，可排除。4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“Mr. Dimas”可定位到文中的第二段。A选项“打消了一些官员对他的决定的怀疑。”官员对于转基因玉米对环境的影响持肯定态度，Mr. Dimas与他们的观点一致，因此可排除A选项。B选项“确保向委员会提供确凿证据。”符合题意，B选项正确。C选项“展示他决定的最新成果。”联系上下文，Mr. Dimas的观点不是为了展示他决定的最新成果，因此可排除。D选项“增强他的决策力。”也不符合题意，也可排除。因此，选项B正确。5.词义辨析题。由题干关键词可定位到文中第六段。A选项“诱导；引起”，B选项“影响”，C选项“倾向于；（使）倾向于”，D选项“引起，唤起；博得”。根据关键词“policy”（政策），可排除A、D选项，由关键词“drastically”（彻底地，激烈地）可推测这个决定的所产生的后果比较严重，因此B选项可排除。C选项与词义意思相近，因此，C选项正确。10. 单选题Sometimes it has been argued that the evolution was _ and more recently still it has been argued that no evolution in either direction took place.问题1选项A.on the other handB.the other way roundC.on the groundsD.the other way about【答案】C【解析】考查词组。A选项 on the other hand “另一方面”；B选项 the other way round “相反”；C选项 on the grounds “是基于事实的”；D选项 the other way about “相反地，以相反方式”。句意：有时人们争论说进化是基于事实的，而最近人们还争论说没有朝任何一个方向发生进化。结合句意判断出C选项正确。11. 单选题We must live with the knowledge that all living creatures are _.问题1选项A.moralB.fierceC.fatalD.mortal【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项 moral “道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项 fierce “凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项 fatal “致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项 mortal “凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。12. 单选题When did the Second World War begin? Many historians, 1 to think of Europe 2 the center of the world, date the war from 1 September 1939 when Germany attacked PolanD.This is not an 3 that would satisfy the Abyssinians or the Chinese for whom the war began earlier. It would not satisfy the Russians and Americans for whom the war began later. In 4 case this European war 5 ended in June 1940 with Germany 6 the entire Continent west of RussiA.If a formal declaration of war 7 the starting point, the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou. The declared war against Japan 8 of the Kiangsi Soviet. If we wait 9 the war was being fought in every continent except the two Americas, the date 10 be 1942 or even 1944.问题1选项A.concedeB.concealC.conditionedD.considered问题2选项A.asB.toC.withD.in问题3选项A.answerB.adviceC.affectionD.assertion问题4选项A.anyB.bothC.eitherD.neither问题5选项A.finallyB.eventuallyC.ultimatelyD.virtually问题6选项A.dominatedB.dominatingC.being dominatedD.having been dominated问题7选项A.symbolizesB.marksC.impliesD.remarks问题8选项A.with the titleB.with the statusC.in the nameD.in designation问题9选项A.ifB.sinceC.afterD.until问题10选项A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.may【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A第6题:A第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:D【解析】1.考查动词词义辨析。A选项 concede “承认；退让；给予，容许；让步”；B选项 conceal “隐藏；隐瞒”；C选项 conditioned “决定；使适应；使健康；以为条件”；D选项 considered “考虑；认为；考虑到；细想”。根据上下文判断出此处表达“认为”，故D项最符合。2.考查逻辑关系。根据下文 “the center of the world” 可知此处想表达的是“认为欧洲是世界的中心”,故as最为准确。3.考查逻辑关系。根据上文 “When did the Second World War begin?” 这个问句，可以判断出此处答案应该是A选项answer“回答”。B选项 advice “建议”；C选项 affection “喜爱，感情；影响；感染”；D选项 assertion “断言，声明；主张，要求；坚持；认定”。4.考查词组。A选项 in any case “不管怎样；总之；在任何情况下”；B选项 in both case “在两种情况下”；C选项 in either case “不论发生何种情况”；D选项 in neither case “在两种情况下都不”。根据语境和句意，可知A为正确答案。5.考查词义辨析。A选项finally表达经过一长段时间（通常是指经历了困难和滞迟），表示“终于”；B选项eventually “最终”含有时间因素，表示目前还未发生，但终将发生；C选项ultimately “最终”除了包含时间因素外，还有状态顺序，表示最基本因素；D选项 virtually“事实上，几乎；实质上”。根据下文 “ended in June 1940” 及词义判断出答案为A。6.考查非谓语动词。dominate意为控制，结合上文ended的时态，表示过去，可知A为正确答案。7.考查词义辨析。A选项 symbolize “象征；用符号表现；采用象征；使用符号；作为的象征”；B选项 mark “标志；做标记于；打分数”；C选项 imply“意味；暗示；隐含”；D选项 remark “评论；觉察”。根据下文 “the Second World War began in April 1932 when Mao Tse-tung and Chou” 可知空格处应为“象征、代表”，因此A最合适。8.考查词组。A选项 with the title of “标题为”；B选项 with the status of “以的地位”；C选项 in the name of“以的名义”；D选项 in designation of “指定”。the Kiangsi Soviet意为“中华苏维埃共和国”，根据上下文 “The declared war against Japan 28 of the Kiangsi Soviet” 以及句意判断出正确答案为C。9.考查从句引导词。until引导从句，wait until表示直到；等到；等待某个条件满足；留待；一直等到，符合句意 “If we wait until the war was being fought in every continent except the two America