2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题53（附答案详解）

2022年考博英语-东北师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Frances （ ）of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.问题1选项A.assumptionB.consumptionC.resumptionD.presumption【答案】C【解析】句意: 上个月法国恢复在南太平洋的核试验引起了政治辩论和群众的抗议。形近词辨析。Assumption假定，假设; consumption消费; resumption恢复; presumption推测，假定。因此C符合句意。2. 单选题The European Union countries were once worried that they would not have （ ）supplies of petroleum.问题1选项A.proficientB.efficientC.potentialD.sufficient【答案】D【解析】句意: 欧盟国家曾担心他们石油供应不足。形容词辨析。Proficient熟练的，精通的; efficient有效率的，生效的; potential潜在的，可能的; sufficient足够的，充分的。故D符合句意。3. 单选题Nazism and Fascism were （ ）to be thrown into the dump of history.问题1选项A.depositedB.doomedC.damnedD.deserved【答案】B【解析】句意: 纳粹和法西斯主义注定要被扔进历史的垃圾堆。固定搭配。be doomed to 注定。4. 单选题King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings dont abdicate, they die in their sleep. But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly polarized, as it was. Following the end of the France regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states. And so; the Middle East expected, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms not counting Vatican city and Andorra. But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respectable public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside, symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history and sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thornes Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic families and should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic states. The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-healed) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service - as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings of republicans who are the monarchys worst enemies.1.According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carl of Spain （ ）.2.Monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly （ ）.3.Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?4.The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles（ ）.5.Which of the following is the best title of the text?问题1选项A.used to enjoy high public supportB.was unpopular among European royalsC.ended his reign in embarrassmentD.eased his relationship with his rivals问题2选项A.owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB.to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC.to give voters more public figures to look up toD.due to their everlasting political embodiment问题3选项A.Aristocrats excessive reliance on inherited wealthB.The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic familiesC.The role of the nobility in modem democraciesD.The nobilitys adherence to their privileges问题4选项A.takes a tough line on political issuesB.fails to change his lifestyle as advisedC.takes republicans as his potential alliesD.fails to adapt himself to his future role问题5选项A.Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB.Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsC.Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsD.Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down (然而在近来欧洲选举中所留下的令人尴尬的丑闻和共和党人的声望却迫使他食言而退位)。由此可知C项“尴尬地结束自己的统治”正确。2.判断推理题。第三段指出:It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states (这种明显的政治超越解释了君主们作为国家元首的持续受欢迎)。.most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respectable public figure.(大多数皇室幸存的原因是他们让选民避免困难地去寻找没有争议但却可敬重的公众人物)。由此可知A项“由于他们无疑问且可敬重的地位”正确。3.细节事实题。第四段指出:.it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic families and should still be the symbolic heart of modem democratic states (奇怪的是富有的贵族家鹿应该仍然是现代民主家庭和国家的象征性核心), 由此可知C项“贵族在现代民主政治中的角色”正确。4.推理判断题。最后一段指出: The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world (危险将从查尔斯 （王子）开始，他有一种奢华的生活品味，且对世界有着相当等级制度的观点)。可推知B项“未能按照建议来改变自己的生活方式”正确。5.主旨大意题。文章第二段指出:.事实上当公众舆论特别两极分化时，西班牙国王退位的例子为支持和反对君主政治提供了论据。而且后续段落围绕“欧洲君主们应对君主政体所面临的危机而采取的方式”可推知B项“对所有欧洲君主们而言是一个教训的西班牙国王胡安卡洛斯”比较适合作文章标题。5. 单选题We all know that the normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7 to 8 hours sleep alternation with some 16 to 17 hours wakefulness and that, broadly speaking, the sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness. Our present concern is with how easily and to what extent this cycle can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week; a person may work from 12 midnight to 8 a.m. one week, 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. the next, and 4 p.m. to 12 midnight the third and so on. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine than he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers. An interesting study of the domestic life and health of night-shift workers was carried out by Brown in 1957. She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work.This latter system then appears to be the best long-term policy, but meanwhile something may be done to relieve the strains of alternate day and night work by selecting those people who can adapt most quickly to the changes of routine. One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night; when they change to night work the pattern will only gradually go back to match the new routine and the speed with which it does so parallels, broadly speaking, the adaptation of the body as a whole, particularly in terms of performance. Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection. So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice.1.Why is the question of “how easily people can get used to working at night” not a mere academic question?2.The main problem of the round-the-clock working system lies in （ ）.3.The best solution for implementing the 24-liour working system seems to be（ ）.4.It is possible to find out if a person has adapted to the changes of routine by measuring his body temperature because（ ）.5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?问题1选项A.Because few people like to reverse the cycle of sleep and wakefulness.B.Because sleep normally coincides with the hours of darkness.C.Because people are required to work at night in some fields of industry.D.Because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping.问题2选项A.the inconveniences brought about to the workers by the introduction of automationB.the disturbance of the daily life cycle of workers who have to change shifts too frequentC.the fact that people working at night are often less effectiveD.the fact that it is difficult to find a number of good night workers问题3选项A.to change shifts at longer intervalsB.to have longer shiftC.to arrange for some people to work on night shifts onlyD.to create better living conditions for night workers问题4选项A.body temperature changes when the cycle of sleep and wakefulness alternatesB.body temperature changes when he changes to night shift or backC.the temperature reverses when the routine is changedD.people have higher temperatures when they are working efficiently问题5选项A.Body temperature may serve as an indication of a workers performance.B.The selection of a number of permanent night shift workers proved to be the best solution to problems of the round-the-clock working system.C.Taking body temperature at regular intervals can show how a person adapts to the changes of routine.D.Disturbed sleep occurs less frequently among those on permanent night or day shifts.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: The question is no mere academic one.The case, for example, with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines (这已经不是一个学术的问题。例如，在需要机器24小时连续工作的自动化操作的工业生产中，需要人们从白天工作变为晚上工作的问题变得越来越重要了)。故选C“因为一些工业领域要求上夜班”。2.细节事实题。第二段指出: It normally, takes from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a reversed routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night (通常一个人需要五天至一周的时间来适应与常规生活颠倒的睡眠吋间和猜 醒时间，即白天睡觉，晚上工作)以及Unfortunately, it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week (不幸的是，在工业生产中，工作班次每星期都变换的事经常发生)。故选B “频繁更换工作吋间的工人的日常生活周期被打乱”。3.细节事实题。第三段第一句指出: The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to a number of permanent night workers (看来，唯一真正可以解决问题的方法就是将晚班交给一些长期上夜班的工人)。故选C“安排一些人只上夜班”。4.细节事实题。第四段指出: People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night (白天正常工作的人， 在其清醒的时间内，体温通常都比较高，但是在夜晚则比较低)。因此选D “人在工作效率高吋，休温都比较高”。5.判断推理题。根据第四段.it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine, and this could be used as a basis for selection (可以了解到个人是如何快速适应正常时间的颠倒，同时也可成为筛选的基础)以及So far, however, such a form of selection does not seem to have been applied in practice (然而，到目前为止，这种形式的筛选似乎并没有在实践中得到应用)可知选择永久的夜间值班者仅仅是一种基础的方法，但不是最佳的方法，故选项B错误。根据最后一段One way of knowing when a person has adapted is by measuring his body temperature. People engaged in normal daytime work will have a high temperature during the hours of wakefulness and a low one at night (了解一个人何时适应的一种方法是测量他的体温。白天正常工作的人在清醒的时候会有高温，晚上会有低温)可知选项A “体温可以作为衡量工人工作的一个指标”正确。根据最后一段Therefore, by taking body temperature at intervals of two hours throughout the period of wakefulness it can be seen how quickly a person can adapt to a reversed routine (因此，在清醒期间每隔两小时测量一次体温，可以看出一个人能多快地适应一个颠倒的习惯) 可知选项C “每隔一段吋间测量体温，可以显示个人是如何适应常规变化”正确。根据第三段She found a high incidence of disturbed sleep and other disorders among those on alternating day and night shifts, but no abnormal occurrence of these phenomena among those on permanent night work (她发现在日班和夜班交替的人中，睡眠障碍和其他障碍的发生率很高，但在长期夜班的人中，这些现象没有异常发生) 可知选项D “长期上夜班的或上长白班的人很少出现睡眠被打乱的现象”正确。6. 单选题Dont bother to arrange a meal, because we have just had lunch and able to eat anything（ ）问题1选项A.neither he nor I areB.neither he nor I isC.neither I nor he isD.neither he nor I am【答案】D【解析】句意: 不用费心再安排一顿饭了，我们刚吃过午饭，我们都吃不下了。语法题。考查主谓一致。neither.nor.，either.or., not only. but also.都是就近原则， 也就是谓语动词和最近的主语保持数或者谓语动词的一致，故排除A项和B项。英语中同时有第三人称和第一人称时,一般第一人称放后面,故选D。7. 单选题Ever since the presidents sexual scandal was made public, there has been a （ ）fall in hispopularity.问题1选项A.domesticB.imaginaryC.drasticD.numerous【答案】C【解析】句意: 自从总统的性丑闻公开以来，他的声誉持续急剧下降。形容词辨析。domestic 国内的,家庭的; imaginary想象中的，幻想的; drastic急剧的，严厉的; numerous众多的，许多的。故C符合句意。8. 单选题He （ ）interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions.问题1选项A.continuallyB.continuouslyC.consistentlyD.consequently【答案】A【解析】句意: 他问了我一些无关紧要的问题，打断我的话。副词辨析。continually不停地,持续地; continuously 连续不断地; 一贯地; consequently 因此,所以。故A符合句意。9. 单选题The electric fan does not work because of the （ ）of service.问题1选项A.pauseB.breakC.interruptionD.breakdown【答案】C【解析】句意: 由于服务中止，所以电风扇不转了。名词辨析。Pause暂停，间歇; break停顿，间歇; interruption中止，中断; breakdown损坏，故障。根据题目前半部分的信息可知the of service这个部分应该表示“服务中止/中断”的意思，故答案选项为C。10. 单选题The key element to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades, what classes you took, your extracurricular activities, or any of the other basic necessities. Those skills are what got you the interview. The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude. If you want to rise above others with better experience, better grades, or better anything, you will need to work on developing a highly positive work attitude.Your attitude determines whether you will “make the cut” or be discarded. Remember, there are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job especially at the entry level.The way most employers differentiate at the entry level is by candidates attitudes toward the job. Your attitude is often what recruiters will remember when the dust has settled after reviewing ten, twenty, or even one hundred candidatesthe one who was sincerely willing to put forth his very best effort. If you have the attitude of wanting to do your very best for the company, of being focused on the companys needs, of putting yourself forth as the person who will be committed and dedicated to fulfilling their needs, you will likely be the one chosen.Why is attitude so important? Because most companies already have their fall share of multi-talented superstars who care about no one but themselves. Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the overrated superstar, but to the person who has the can do attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for excellence. Give me a team player who is achieving at 99% and I will take her over a flashy superstar who is running at 50% efficiency any day of the week. And so will 99% of all hiring managers.So dont worry if you are not “superstar” quality. If you can show me in your words and actions, that you are ready to put forth your very best effort toward achieving excellence, you will be chosen over the superstar. You can show your winning attitude in the way you present yourself. Incorporate the actual words “positive “excellence,” and “striving to be the best” into your interview language. Then show by your stories and examples how these words positively affect your life. Show me when and where and how you have put forth extra effort above and beyond the call of duty. Show me how you beat a deadline, how you excelled in a project, or how you made a difference by going the extra mile. If you can show nie, by words and examples, your “can do” attitude, it is you I will hire, while all of the superstars will receive polite rejection letters to add to their growing collections.1.What is the key element to successful interviewing according to this passage?2.Which of the following statement is correct in the authors opinion?3.Who is the most valuable member of his team to a manager?4.In an interview, what makes you leave a good impression on the interviewer?5.What is the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.Courses taken before.B.A varied experience.C.A positive work attitude.D.Interviewees capability.问题2选项A.There are inadequate competitors with the ability to do almost any given job, especially at the entry level.B.Most interviewers generally depend on the candidates? attitudes toward the job to choose the employees.C.Most employers tell the difference between candidates by their entry levelD.Better experience and better grades become the most important elements to be chosen.问题3选项A.The multi-talented superstar.B.The person who tries his best for excellenceC.The person who counts on himself and does not cooperate with others.D.The flashy star who makes the company famous.问题4选项A.Your boasting words.B.The words such as positive attitude, excellence, and striving to be my best.C.Your own stories.D.Words and examples to show your positive attitude.问题5选项A.Your Attitude Determines Whether You Will “Make The Cut” or Be Discarded.B.How to Find a Good Job.C.The Most Important Aspect of Interviewing.D.A Successful Interviewing.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the key element to successful interviewing定位至第一段: The key element to successful interviewing can be summed up in one word: attitude (面试成功的关键因素可以总结为一个词：态度)。故选C。2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Remember, there are plenty of competitors with the ability to do almost any given job especially at the entry level(记住，有很多竞争对手几乎能胜任任何特定的工作，尤其是入门级的工作)，因此A项错误。第二段:The way most employers differentiate at the entry level is by candidates attitudes toward the job (大多数面试人员一般根据候选人员的工作态度来选择应聘者),故B项正确。因此推测C项(大部分雇主通过应聘者的入门级别来区分他们)错误。根据上一题可知D项(更好的经验和分数（等级）变成了选择的最重要因素)错误。3.细节事实题。第三段: Ask any manager who the most valuable member of his team is, and he will point not to the overrated superstar, but to the person who has the can do attitude, the person who can be counted on in any situation, the person who truly strives for excellence(问问任何一个经理，谁是他团队中最有价值的成员，他不会指那些被高估的超级明星，而是指那些有“能干”态度的人，在任何情况下都可以依靠的人，真正追求卓越的人)。故选B(争取优秀的人)。4.细节事实题。第四段: Then show by your stories and examples how these words positively affect your life (然后通过自己的经历和故事展示这些话如何积极地影响了你的生活)。因此选D(展示积极态度的话术和例子)。5.主旨大意题。文章的中心论点是:态度是面试成功的关键因素。因此A项(态度决定了你是达到标准还是被弃用)适合作文章标题。11. 单选题（ ） me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.问题1选项A.That amazedB.It amazedC.Which amazedD.What a