2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及模拟押密卷36（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-湖北省联考考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题When the rent was due, the poor man（ ） for more time.问题1选项A.pleadedB.squashedC.exertedD.cursed【答案】A【解析】句意:当房租到期时, 这个可怜的人恳求多给些时间。plead for意为请求, 符合句意, 选项A正确。2. 单选题The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) earnestly attempts to measure which country will provide the best opportunities for a healthy,safe and prosperous life in the years ahead. Its quality-of-life index（1） the results of subjective life-satisfaction surveys how happy people say they are to （2） determinants of the quality of life across countries. Being rich helps more than （3） else,but it is not all that （4） ; things like crime, trust in public institutions and the health of family life matter too.（5） ,the index takes 11 statistically significant indicators into（6） . They are a mixed bunch: some are （7） factors,such as geography; others change only very slowly （8） time; and some factors depend on policies and the state of the world （9） .Despite the global economic crisis,times have in certain respects （10） been so good. Output growth rates have been（11） across the world,but income levels are at or near （12） highs. Life expectancy continues to（13） steadily and political freedoms have spread across the （14） . In other ways, however, the crisis has （15） a deep imprint on unemployment and personal（16） .After crunching its numbers, the EIU has Switzerland comfortably in the top spot, with Australia second. Small economies （17） the top ten, half of which are European. The Nordic countries shine, （18） the crisis-ridden south of Europe (Greece, Portugal and Spain) lags behind. The（19） European economies (Germany, France and Britain) do not do particularly well. America（20） back in 16th place. Despite their economic dynamism, none of the BRIC countries ( Brazil, Russia, India and China) scores impressively. Among the 80 countries covered, Nigeria comes last: it is the worst place for a baby to enter the world in 2013.问题1选项A.relegatesB.addsC.abdicatesD.links问题2选项A.prejudicedB.objectiveC.fairD.neutral问题3选项A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything问题4选项A.countsB.imploresC.diminishedD.wavers问题5选项A.In turnB.In retrospectC.In allD.In progress问题6选项A.calculationB.accountC.implementationD.discount问题7选项A.settledB.fixedC.controlledD.weighted问题8选项A.onB.inC.forD.over问题9选项A.atmosphereB.environmentC.economyD.wellbeing问题10选项A.neverB.alreadyC.everD.yet问题11选项A.acceleratingB.decliningC.recoveringD.withdrawing问题12选项A.classicB.histrionicC.cubicD.historic问题13选项A.increaseB.expandC.thriveD.expend问题14选项A.spaceB.countryC.globeD.continent问题15选项A.madeB.engravedC.createdD.left问题16选项A.securityB.identityC.invectiveD.scourge问题17选项A.stipulateB.distributeC.refuteD.dominate问题18选项A.whereasB.untilC.whereD.unless问题19选项A.highestB.largestC.greatestD.richest问题20选项A.recedesB.trailsC.languishesD.twists【答案】第1题:第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B第7题:B第8题:D第9题:C第10题:A第11题:B第12题:D第13题:A第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）根据原文可知,这里是将生活满意度调查结果与各国生活质量的决定因素联系起来。link to意为“把.和.联系起来”。选项D符合原文。（2）根据上句的“subjective”可知填空处应该为与之对应的“objective”。选项B正确。（3）句意:富有比任何其他事情都更有用。选项A符合句意。（4）not all that counts为常见搭配,表示并不那么重要。（5）In turn轮流,依次; In retrospect回顾; In all 总共,合计; In progress发展中。句意:指数总共考虑了 11种具有统计学意义的指标。选项C符合原文语境。（6）take sth. into account 为固定搭配,表示“考虑某事”。（7）根据下文的“geography”“change”可推测,填空处应该为固定的。settled一般指固定住所,所以选项B更恰当。（8）因为变化缓慢,所以over符合语境。over time指“随着时间过去”或“经过一段时间”。选项D正确。（9）文章的主题是经济,而且根据下文的global economic crisis也可推断出,填空处应该为经济。所以选项C符合原文。（10）句意:尽管发生了全球经济危机,但在某些方面,形势从未像现在这样好。have never been表示从来没有.,所以选项A符合原文。（11）根据下文的“but”和“highs”可推测,前后两句意思相反,所以填空处应该为下降。选项B符合原文。（12）根据句意:全球产出增长率一直在下降,但收人水平已经达到或接近具有历史意义的高度。根据上下文语境可以推测,这里强调的是达到前所未有的高度。所以选项D更符合原文。（13）根据句意:预期寿命继续稳步增长。选项A符合原文语境。（14）across the globe意为“全球”。根据上文的“global economic”可推测,这里讲的也应该是全球性质的而不是某个国家或区域。（15）根据原文可知,这里指危机留下了很深的印记。选项D符合原文句意。（16）personal security在这里指个人保障。原文句意:这场危机给失业保障和个人保障留下了很深的印记。选项A符合原文语境。（17）原文指一些小型经济组织占据了前十名。dominate控制,支配,占优势。（18）根据原文句意可知,前后句子形成对比,所以用whereas表转折。选项A正确。（19）根据上文的“Small economies”可知,这里应该指最大的欧洲经济组织,所以选项B正确。（20）句意:美国在第十六名前后徘徊。选项D符合原文语境。3. 单选题She has but a faint （ ）of dialectical materialism.问题1选项A.sacrificeB.reactionC.notionD.clue【答案】C【解析】sacrifice牺牲；reaction反应；notion概念；clue线索。句意:她对辩证唯物主义只有一个模糊的概念。选项C符合语境。4. 单选题In Platos Republic we find a discussion about morality and selfishness. Platos brother Glaucon is trying to make Socrates give some good reasons for why it is better to be just than to be unjust. Glaucon insists that all people by nature look after themselves, and whenever we can get away with something, we will do it,regardless of how unjust it may be to others. Unfortunately, we may receive the same treatment from others, which is highly unpleasant,so for the sake of peace and security we agree to treat each other decentlynot because we want to, but because we are playing it safe. Morality is just a result of our looking out for ourselves. If we can get away with something, it is our nature to make the most of it.What Glaucon is suggesting here about the origin of society is a first in Western thought. His theory is an example of what has become known as social contract theory, and this type of theory became particularly influential much later, in the eighteenth century. A social contract theory assumes that humans used to live in a pre-social setting (without rules, regulations, or cooperation) and then, for various reasons, got together and agreed on setting up a society. Generally, social contract theories assume that humans decide to build a society with rules for the sake of the common good or for the sake of self-protection. The theory is today known as psychological egoism.To Glaucon,decent persons will do “unjust” things just as quickly as scoundrels if they know they can get away with it since their human natures are identical. Here Glaucon is acting as the devils advocate in order to make Socrates defend justice as something that is good in itself. Surely we all can remember events in our lives that show that we dont always act out of self-interest. We may remember that Mother Teresa and other unselfish souls have spent their lives helping others. The psychological egoist would contend that they may not have been aware of their true motives, but selfish it was, somehow. These people, probably, wanted to get to Heaven, to atone for past wrongdoing, or maybe they just wanted to feel warm inside.This theory, cynical as it may sound, has established itself firmly in the minds of many modern people. Somehow, this theory removes the halo from above the head of every hero and every unselfish person in the history of humankind. One reason, then, for this theorys popularity is its presumed honesty. Closely related to the notion of honesty is our modern fascination with cynicism. Oftentimes, people are truly selfish and devious, and things are not what they seem. However, there is a difference between this kind of prudent skepticism and a universal cynicism that borders on paranoia. Such radical cynicism doesnt allow for the possibility of the existence of goodness and kindness, and this is one of the errors psychological egoists are prone to. Psychological egoists never say that we cant help being selfish to the bonethey just say that there is some hidden selfish motive for whatever we do that we may not be even aware of.1.What is the main reason for men treating each other decently according to Glaucon?2.Which of the following is true of the social contract theory?3.How would psychological egoists interpret the example of Mother Teresa?4.What errors are psychological egoists likely to make?问题1选项A.It is not right for one to be unjust to other people.B.It is beneficial for people to retain peace and security.C.Morality and selflessness are what we should pursue.D.We are prone to make the most of something.问题2选项A.It is contrary to psychological egoists beliefs.B.It records human life in a world without operation and rules.C.It presumes that a society with rules is to guarantee the benefits of all.D.It assumes that people are by nature unselfish.问题3选项A.She helps others for the sake of herselfB.Justice is good in itself to the devils advocate.C.Descent persons will do unjust things as well.D.She is a typical person with feelings of paranoia.问题4选项A.They do not justify their theory fully.B.They have changed peoples view.C.They never warn people of their unaware selfishness.D.They go to the extreme of disbelieving people【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第三句“for the sake of peace and security . we are playing it safe.”为了和平与安全, 我们同意善待彼此不是因为我们想这样做,而是因为我们谨慎行事。也就是说人与人之间保持和平与安全是有益的。选项B符合原文。2.根据关键词“social contract theory”定位到原文第二段,根据倒数第二句“Generally, social contract theories . for the sake of self-protection.”一般来说,社会契约理论认为,人类决定建立一个有规则的社会是为了公共利益或自我保护。选项C符合原文。3.根据关键词“Mother Teresa”定位到第三段最后三句,心理利己主义者认为他们可能没有意识到自己的真实动机,但从某种程度上来说,他们是自私的。这些人可能是想上天堂,为过去的错误行为赎罪,或者他们只是想感受内心的温暖。选项A符合原文。4.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Such radical cynicism . psychological egoists are prone to.”这种极端的犬儒主义不允许善良和善良存在的可能性,这是心理利己主义者容易犯的错误之一。也就是说他们很极端,容易怀疑他人,所以选项D正确。第2题:第3题:第4题:5. 翻译题很多已经发表的科学论文都有错误，各种因素导致了这个问题。统计错误比比皆是。在杂志决定刊载论文之前，审读论文的同行审读人（peer reviewers）在发现错误方面比杂志或其他人更差；职业的压力、竞争和进取心驱使科学家们更快地发表文章而失去了理智。更糟的是，科学家职业体系强调发表大量论文。“不发表论文就灭亡”的压力已经逐步地统治学术生活。【答案】There are mistakes in many scientific papers already published. Various factors contribute to this problem. Statistical errors meet the eye everywhere. Before journals decide to publish papers, peer reviewers are inferior to journals or other people in finding mistakes. Professional pressure, competition and enterprise prompt scientists to publish papers more quickly but to lose their sense. Worse still, scientists professional system emphasizes the publication of a large number of papers. The pressure of publishing papers or perishing is dominating academic life gradually.6. 单选题Because of the close （ ）of architects and builders, the building was completed ahead of schedule.问题1选项A.simulationB.compositionC.collaborationD.inflation【答案】C【解析】simulation模拟；composition作曲, 构成；collaboration合作；inflation膨胀。句意:由于建筑师和施工人员的密切合作, 这座建筑提前完工。选项C符合句意。7. 单选题When we watch a play or a film, we all realize that the characters are sometimes （ ）.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.imaginableC.imaginedD.imaginary【答案】D【解析】imaginative富于想象的，有创造力的；imaginable可想象到的；imagined想象的，构想的；imaginary虚构的，假想的。句意：当我们看戏剧或电影时，我们都知道角色有时是虚构的，选项D符合句意。8. 单选题In most countries a PhD is a basic requirement for a career in academia. It is a (n) （1） to the world of independent research一a kind of intellectual（2） , created by an apprentice in close collaboration with a (n) （3） . The requirements to complete one （4）enormously between countries, universities and even （5） .Some students will first have to spend two years working on a （6） degree or diploma. Some will receive a stipend; others will （7） their own way. Some PhDs （8 ） only research, some require （9） and examinations and some require the student to teach undergraduates. A (n) （10） can be dozens of pages in mathematics, or many hundreds in history. As a result, newly minted PhDs can be as young as their （11） 20s or world-weary forty- （12） .One thing many PhD students have in（13） is dissatisfaction. Some describe their work （14） “slave labor”. Seven-day weeks, ten-hour days, low pay and uncertain （15） are widespread. You know you are a graduate student,（16） a comment, when your office is better decorated than your home and you have a favorite flavor of （17） noodles. “It isnt graduate school itself that is discouraging,” says one student, who confesses to rather enjoying the hunt for free pizza. “Whats discouraging is realizing the end point has been pulled out of reach.”Whining PhD students are nothing new, but there seem to be genuine problems （18） the system that produces research doctorates (the practical“professional doctorates” in fields such as law, business and medicine have a more obvious value). There is an oversupply of PhDs. Although a doctorate is （19） as training for a job in academia, the number of PhD positions is （20） to the number of job openings.问题1选项A.conclusionB.introductionC.stepping stoneD.milestone问题2选项A.paperB.projectC.masterpieceD.exercises问题3选项A.studentB.assistantC.supervisorD.editor问题4选项A.changeB.alterC.fluctuateD.vary问题5选项A.subjectsB.lessonsC.sectorsD.courses问题6选项A.bachelorsB.doctoratesC.mastersD.engineers问题7选项A.payB.findC.fightD.pick问题8选项A.attendB.participateC.takeD.involve问题9选项A.creditsB.exercisesC.classesD.experiments问题10选项A.thesisB.bookC.assignmentD.report问题11选项A.earlierB.earliestC.earlyD.earliness问题12选项A.somethingB.somethingsC.anythingD.anythings问题13选项A.oddB.contradictionC.similarityD.common问题14选项A.forB.ofC.toD.as问题15选项A.prospectsB.perspectivesC.potentialsD.speculations问题16选项A.goingB.goesC.has goneD.go问题17选项A.fastB.quickC.rapidD.instant问题18选项A.forB.withC.uponD.to问题19选项A.comparedB.designedC.suspectedD.admitted问题20选项A.unrelatedB.uncorrelatedC.proportionalD.coincident【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:C第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:A第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:A【解析】第1题:（1）根据原文句意：博士学位是进入独立研究这个领域的入门阶段。stepping stone垫脚石，带有贬义色彩，所以不正确；milestone里程碑。选项B更符合原文语境。（2）句意：博士学位也是一种智力杰作，由学徒与导师密切合作完成。选项C符合句意。（3）apprentice意为“徒弟”, 所以填空处应该为导师，选项C符合原文语境。（4）句意:在不同的国家，不同的大学，完成一门课程的要求都有很大的不同。vary强调多样性，所以更符合原文语境。（5）完成一门课程应该是各个学科的要求。所以选项A符合原文句意。（6）文章主要讲的是博士学位，所以选项C正确。（7）pay ones own way为固定搭配，意为“完全自费”。句意：有些人将获得助学金；另一些人则是完全自费。选项A正确。（8）句意：有些博士只需要从事研究。attend出席，不符合原文；participate一般与介词in搭配； take一般不跟research搭配。所以选项D正确。（9）根据下文的“examinations”可知这是一种先上课然后考试的标准模式。所以选项C正确。（10）毕业需要写论文，所以这里应填入thesis。句意：一篇论文可以是几十页的数学论文，也可以是几百页的历史论文。选项A符合原文。（11）选项中能与年龄搭配的只有选项C。（12）forty-somethings为复合词，指“四十几岁的人”。（13）have in common“有共同之处”。句意:许多博士生都有一个共同之处，那就是感到不满意。选项D符合原文句意。（14）describeas为常用搭配，意为“把形容为/描述为.”。句意：有些博士生把他们的工作描述为“奴隶劳动”。（15）prospects前景；perspectives视角；potentials潜力；speculations投机。根据句意:每周工作7天，每天工作10小时，工资低，前途未卜，这些现象都很普遍。选项A符合原文。（16）这里采用了倒装语序，陈述语序为:as a comment goes，意为“有评论说”。类似于as a saying goes。这里是将goes提前且省略了as。所以选项B正确。（17）根据原文可知，这里应该指方便面或速食面。instant noodles为常用搭配，其他选项均不能与noodles搭配。（18）句意：这一体系似乎真正存在问题。with表示问题是伴随着系统出现的。（19）句意：尽管博士学位主要是为学术研究而设计的.。选项B符合原文。（20）句意：尽管博士学位主要是为学术研究而设计的，但博士职位的数量与职位空缺的数量却毫无关联。uncorrelated to“与.毫无关联的”。选项A符合原文语境。第2题:第3题:第4题:第5题:第6题:第7题:第8题:第9题:第10题:第11题:第12题:第13题:第14题:第15题:第16题:第17题:第18题:第19题:第20题:9. 单选题In some ways they are a marketers dream. They have billions of dollars in income and spend most of it. Although their individual purchases are small, they buy regularly, often in response to peer pressure. They are heavily influenced by television advertising. And, as a result of todays smaller families and the increase in the number of two-income households, they have more to say about family purchase decisions than ever before.“They” are children, of course, a group whose spending habits are attracting the attention of more and more marketers. One recent study estimates that the thirty million U. S. children 4 to 12 years old receive about $4.7 billion annually from allowances, gifts, and odd jobs. Of that amount, they spend a total of $ 4.2 billion each year on a variety of goods. But childrens financial muscle does not end there. Researchers estimate that children directly influence more than $ 40 billion in adult purchases each year. Another study found that children are extremely aware of brands and have considerable input into their parents selections of apparels, cereals, snacks, cars, videocassette recorders, televisions, and personal computers. Many children are involved in actual household purchasing, especially food; in a recent Teenage Research study, half the teen girls surveyed reported shopping for groceries at least once a week. Recognizing this indirect purchasing power that children have, a growing number of marketers are approaching the youths directly. The National Dairy Board, for example, now airs milk commercials with youth apparel, and Procter & Gamble has developed a crest for kids toothpaste.How did children acquire such buying power? Researchers point to several factors. As the number of working couples and single-parent households increased, many parents shifted certain household responsibilities onto childrens shoulders. Thrust into adult roles, children have ended up with more influence over the familys purchases, and they also tend to spend increased amounts of money themselves. In addition, many older, professional couples have fewer children. These parents can afford to lavish more on their children, including extra spending money for such items as Fisher-Price Toys $ 255 childrens camcorder and the My First Sony line of electronics gear for children. The bandwagon effect is yet another factor: when one marketer begins to focus on children, competitors follow suit, encouraging even more childrens purchases. McDonalds Corp., for example, has aimed advertisements for its hamburgers, meal kits, and parties at children for years ; now Hardees Food Systems Inc. and Wendys International Inc. are doing the same.Intelligent marketers realize that children actually represent three markets: current consumers, influential consumers, and future buyers. Because children are steadily developing brand awareness and product preferences that someday will translate into purchasing decisions, even companies not selling youth products per se are beginning to pay attention to children. Marketers are overcoming their traditional reluctance to sell directly to children, realizing that, out there somewhere, tomorrows big-ticket customer is playing video games today.1.The statement that children “have billions of dollars in incomeand spend most of it” implies that children（ ）.2.Which of the following is true regarding childrens buying behaviors?3.It can be inferred from the passage that marketers believe children who develop “brand awareness” when they are young will（ ） .4.Which of the following sums up the mam idea of this passage?问题1选项A.have no sense of value regarding moneyB.should not waste much of their moneyC.have the potential to buy more than ever beforeD.should not be given so much money by their parents问题2选项A.They are not influenced by advertising.B.They are careful about spending on fast food.C.They are not influenced by milk commercials.D.They are very much influenced by their friends.问题3选项A.stay practical when it comes to buying productsB.be tired of the brands when they become adultsC.get used to buying those brands into adulthoo