2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第184期

2022年考博英语-中国矿业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never（ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项symmetrical“匀称的；对称的”；B选项comparative“比较的；相当的”；C选项compatible“兼容的；能共处的；可并立的”；D选项harmonious“和谐的；协调的；悦耳的”。句意：不要再相信演讲者了，因为他在演讲中所做的评论与事实不。compatible with表示“与一致”，符合本句语境，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Now the cheers and applause（ ）in a single sustained roar.问题1选项A.mingledB.tangledC.baffledD.huddled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项mingle“混合；交往”；B选项tangle“使缠结在一起；打架”；C选项baffle“使困惑；使受挫折”；D选项huddle“挤在一起；蜷缩；靠拢”。句意：现在欢呼声和掌声在一个持续的呼喊中。综合句意与选项可知，此处表示“欢呼声与掌声混合”，A选项符合题意。3. 单选题All the students of this university have free（ ） to the Internet via a broadband connection.问题1选项A.accessB.entranceC.permissionD.passageway【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：大学的所有学生通过连接宽带都可以免费上网。access “进入；机会”；entrance “入口”；permission “允许，许可”；passageway “通道，走廊”。根据句意，选项A符合题意。4. 单选题Research universities have helped drive innovation for decades,（ ）development of everything from jet engines to the Internet.问题1选项A.spurtingB.creditingC.insinuatingD.preserving【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。spurt “喷射；喷出”；credit “相信，归因于，记在的账上，给记学分（或学时）”；insinuate “暗示，使潜入， 使逐渐产生”；preserve “保护；保持；腌制”。由句中 “development of everything from jet engines to the Internet 从喷气式发动机到互联网的一切的开发”确定C选项“使逐渐产生”符合句意研究型大学在数十年里已帮助推进了革新，从而逐渐产生了从喷气式发 动机到互联网的一切的开发。5. 单选题The new secretary has written a remarkably（ ）report within a few hundred words but with all the important details included.问题1选项A.conciseB.briskC.preciseD.elaborate【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项concise“简明的；简洁的”；B选项brisk“敏锐的；活泼的；轻快的”；C选项precise“精确的；明确的；严格的”；D选项elaborate“精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的”。句意：新秘书写了一份出色的报告，只有几百字，但包括了所有重要的细节。“只有几百字”说明这篇报告是“简洁的”，A选项正确。6. 单选题Fortune-tellers are good at making（ ）statements such as Your sorrows will change.问题1选项A.literalB.ambiguousC.invalidD.philosophical【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。literal“文字的，逐字的，无夸张的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的，引起歧义的”；invalid “无效的，有病的，残废的”；philosophical “哲学的”。由空格后“Your sorrows will change”确定本句句意是算命者擅长做如“你的悲伤将改变”等模糊不清的声明。 B选项正确。7. 单选题The new shipping and receiving building is a(n)（ ） facility, large enough to meet our growing needs.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.meagerC.expansiveD.costly【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。obsolete“淘汰，废弃”；meager“贫乏的，缺少”；expansive “膨胀的，扩大的”；costly “昂贵的，代价高的”；根据句意新的货运大楼非常（ ），足够满足我们不断增长的需求。确定C选项正确。8. 单选题Arrogance and pride are similar in meaning, but there is a(n)（ ）difference between them.问题1选项A.submergedB.indecisiveC.indistinctD.subtle【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：傲慢与骄傲字面上意思接近，但是二者有细微的区别。submerged “水下的”；indecisive “犹豫不决的”；indistinct “模糊的”；subtle “微妙的，细微的”。根据句意，选项D符合题意。9. 单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice, we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or other blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervouscooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. Theres little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the center of things, and that life doesnt come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by moving to villages within commuting distance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.What then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. Im keen on the idea, but you see theres my cat. Toby. Im not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all (hose hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1.We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author（ ）.2.In the authors opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT（ ）.3.The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?问题1选项A.used to live in the countryB.used to work in the cityC.works in the cityD.lives in the country问题2选项A.a strong sense of fearB.lack of communicationC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation问题3选项A.daily necessitiesB.fresh fruitsC.designer clothesD.fresh vegetables问题4选项A.OriginalB.QuietC.ArrogantD.Insensitive【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“从第一段中我们可以得知作者”。文章第一段第二句话提到“我成功说服自己，如果不是因为我的工作，我会立刻去往空旷的地方，回到某个静谧的村庄，回到大自然中”（I have managed to convince myself that if it werent for my job I would immediately head out for the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country），由此我们可以知道作者的工作是在城市，选项C符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“作者认为下列哪项不是让城里人不开始的原因”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“过去住一条街上的人都相互认识，而现在住在高楼大厦同一层楼的人彼此都不打招呼”（Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks dont even say hello to each other），由此可知选项B是其中一个原因，排除；文章第二段第二句提到“大多数人住在又吵，又脏，又没人情味的高楼里”（The majority of the population live in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal），由此可知选项C“居住环境”也是其中一个原因，排除；第二段第三句提到“如果你住15楼以上，你会失去集体感”（The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up），由此可知选项D“孤独感”也是其中一个原因，排除。综上，选项A不是其中的原因，符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章暗示买一些东西很容易，除了”。文章第三段倒数第二句提到“去商店买东西成了主要问题，只要稍微特殊点的商品你就得去很远的城市去买”（Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town），选项C“定制衣服”符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“根据文章，下列哪个形容词用来描述那些住在乡村，在城里工作的人”。文章倒数第二段倒数第一句提到“他们通常和他们留下的塑料花一样敏感被关于改变和改进的奇怪想法所浸染，并把这些想法强加给村里不情愿的原始居民”（They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behindthey are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages），选项C“傲慢的”符合题意。10. 单选题You cannot imagine how I feel（ ）with my duties sometimes.问题1选项A.overflowedB.overthrownC.overwhelmedD.overturned【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overflow“溢出；挤满”；B选项overthrow“推翻；瓦解；背弃”；C选项overwhelm“淹没；压倒；受打击”；D选项overturn“推翻；倾覆”。句意：你无法想象有时我被工作的感受。此处必然是强调工作内容过多的感受，overwhelm可表示“被工作淹没”，但一般与by搭配，可排除。只剩下A选项overflow with duties，表示“满载重负”。11. 翻译题If we mean by capitalism a method of organizing the economy which rests on the profit motive and the free play of market forces, then we can be quite sure that it will be around for the 21st century. The motivation to compete, to own and acquire wealth is a fundamental fact of human existence, just like the need to eat or sleep. Its not going to be eradicated.Once you accept that competition via markets and prices is the main driving force of economic life, the second lesson is that while this is necessary it is not a sufficient mechanism for ordering society. Pure free capitalism had a brief, if powerful, heyday from the late 1970s to the early 1990s, but it is now clear that phase is over. If the denial of capitalism has utterly failed, so has the belief that markets alone are sufficient controlthough it has not failed quite so spectacularly.I dont expect to see another economic crisis of the scale of that in the 1970s for at least another fifteen years. When it does eventually come, it will probably be from some totally unexpected direction. Unemployment will continue to decline, and when people no longer fear the loss of their jobs, so a degree of complacency creeps in and their values change.It may well be exactly that process which, ironically, causes the next economic crisisbut its a long way yet.【答案】如果我们说的资本主义制度是指一种依靠利润动机和市场力量自由发挥的经济组织方法，那我们就可以确信它将在21世纪继续存在。就像人类生存的基本事实是需要去竞争、拥有和获取财富的动力一样，它不会被消除。一旦你接受市场和价格的竞争是经济生活的主要驱动力这一观点，那么第二个经验教训就是，尽管这种竞争是必须的，但这种机制还不足以帮助建立有序社会。从20世纪70年代末到 90年代初，完全自由的资本主义有一个短暂、强大的鼎盛时期，但是现在已经很清楚，那个 阶段结束了。如果对资本主义制度的否定已经完全失败，那种市场足以自我调控的想法也已经失败虽然它的失败没有那么引人注目。至少在下一个15年，我不希望看到另一场像20世纪70年代那样规模的经济危机。如果它最终真的来临，很可能会来自某个完全意想不到的方向。失业率将继续下降；而当人们不再 担心失去工作时，一定程度的自满就会悄然而至，随后他们的价值观也会改变。具有讽刺意味的是，很可能正是这一过程导致下一场经济危机但这个过程还会持续很长时间。12. 单选题When you watch a football game on a Saturday afternoon, you feel secure in your knowledge of what will happen when a player boots the ball. It first goes up and then it conies down. Thats how it is, was, and will be unless. if the kicker someday should kick the ball such that at the instant it left his toe it were traveling upward at a rate of 11.2 kilometers per second (25,000 mhr). We would find that we would not have to worry about a punt return, because the ball simply would not come down. This particular speed is the escape velocity of an object from the earth. At this speed, any object, large or small, will escape from the earth to soar forever upward until captured by the gravitational attraction of some other planet or heavenly body. At first thought it might seem that a heavy object might require a greater initial speed to escape from the surface of the earth than a lighter one, remember that the way objects fall (or move upward against gravity) is independent of the mass of the object. As a result, if a velocity of 11.2 kilometers per second is enough to cause a loot ball to escape from the earth, it is also enough to send bowling ball (or freight car) on its way.The concept of escape velocity applies to objects as small as atoms and molecules. The earths atmosphere is composed primarily of oxygen and nitrogen, and it contains practically no trace of hydrogen or helium, the lightest elements. All the atoms of a gas travel in random motion at very high speeds, and the less massive atoms and molecules travel at the greatest speeds. In fact, the lighter gases go so fast that their speeds are greater than the critical speed of 11.2 kilometers per second. Thus they have long ago left our comfortable home and are now wandering through space in search of a more hospitable gravitational field.The moon has a weaker gravitation held than the earth. The escape velocity of an object on the moon is about 2.4 kilometers per second, and even the heavier gases have enough speed to escape the moon. This explains why we find no atmosphere there; any gases that may be released near the moon quickly escape.1.Only when a ball exceeds 11.2 km per second can it（ ）.2.In order to escape from the earth, a heavier object（ ）.3.Helium is not found in the earths atmosphere because（ ）.4.There is no atmosphere on the moon because（ ）.问题1选项A.reach other planetsB.make a goalC.escape from the earthD.go upwards问题2选项A.demands a greater initial speed than a lighter oneB.demands as great an initial speed as a lighter oneC.must be made lighter than its original weightD.has to overcome a greater gravity than a lighter one问题3选项A.its moving speed well exceeds 11.2 km per secondB.it left the atmosphere long ago in search of another planetC.its moving speed is not great enough to reach the atmosphereD.it is lighter and cannot be thrown upwards问题4选项A.it is dry and lifelessB.it has a greater escape velocityC.no gases are produced by itselfD.it cannot hold such gases as oxygen and nitrogen to it【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段最后一句话提到“如果每秒11.2千米的速度能够让一个足球离开地球，那么也足够将一个保龄球（或一辆货车）送离地面”（As a result, if a velocity of 11.2 kilometers per second is enough to cause a loot ball to escape from the earth, it is also enough to send bowling ball (or freight car) on its way），因此选项C“逃离地球”符合题意。2.推理判断题。题目问的是“为了离开地球，一个较重的物体”。文章第一段倒数第二句话提到“物体下落的方式与物体的质量无关”（remember that the way objects fall (or move upward against gravity) is independent of the mass of the object），选项B“需要的初始速度与较轻物体的一样”符合题意。3.推理判断题。题目问的是“地球大气中没有氦气的原因是”。文章第二段提到地球的大气主要有氧和氮组成，几乎没有氢和氦，质量轻的其他速度超过了11.2千米每秒的临界值，因此它们没有停留在地球，而是在太空中（In fact, the lighter gases go so fast that their speeds are greater than the critical speed of 11.2 kilometers per second. Thus they have long ago left our comfortable home and are now wandering through space in search of a more hospitable gravitational field），由此可以推测氦气的速度超过了11.2千米每秒，选项A符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“月球上没有大气的原因是”。文章最后一段提到月球的引力比地球的引力小。月球上物体的逃逸速度是2.4千米每秒，即使是较重的气体也有足够的速度逃离月球，这就是为什么月球上没有大气的原因，由此可知选项D“它不能将氧和氮这样的气体留在里面”符合题意。13. 单选题After the storm caused raw sewage to seep into the ground water, the Water Department had to take measures to（ ）the citys water supply.问题1选项A.refineB.reviveC.freshenD.decontaminate【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。refine “提炼，改善；revive “使复活，使恢复，使振奋”； freshen “使新鲜，使清爽，使有精神”；decontaminate “净化，去除污染”，根据句意在风暴导致未处理的污水渗入地下水后，供水部门必须采取措施（ ）该市供水。确定D选项正确。14. 单选题He based his conclusion on what he（ ）from the evidence, not on what he actually observed.问题1选项A.intuitedB.imaginedC.inferredD.implied【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。intuit “由直觉知道”；imagine “设想，猜想”；infer “推断，猜想”；imply “暗指，暗含”；根据句意他的结论是基于自己对证据（ ）结果，而不是基于自己实际观察到的。确定C选项正确。15. 单选题The most important（ ）for assessment in this contest is originality of design.问题1选项A.thresholdB.partitionC.warrantD.criterion【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项threshold“入口；门槛；开始；极限”；B选项partition“划分，分开；隔离物”；C选项warrant“根据；证明；正当理由”；D选项criterion“标准；准则；规范”。句意：在这次比赛中，最重要的评判是设计的原创性。比赛中有的是“评判标准”，因此D选项正确。16. 翻译题金银玉器是一个总称，通指对金、银等金属材质及玉石进行锻炼、雕琢加工而成的佩戴 装饰品或观赏工艺品。我国金银器的制造和使用已有三千多年的历史。在商代青铜文化闻名于世的同时，就已经出现了金器。从传世文物上来看，金银器品种繁多，应用广泛。小到金银首饰，大到佛塔 供器，无不可以发现金银器的踪影。普通人家只是将金银器用作佩饰可收藏，官宦人家则更用作饮食、生活用具，而宫廷中金银器的使用则遍及佛事、饮食起居、冠服车马、陈设装饰 等各个方面。从中可以想见金银器对我们传统文化及日常生活的深刻影响。玉器是指用玉石手工雕刻琢磨而成，用于佩戴装饰或陈设观赏的艺术品。早期的玉器多 用作礼器，少数用作佩饰。从良渚、红山文化遗址中出土的古玉来看，新石器时期的玉器用 作祭祀、陪葬的礼器外，还有辟邪的神秘意味，同时还是权力、财富和尊贵的象征，用玉的 阶层也只限于王公贵族。宋代以后，玉器的使用逐渐普及，大量的玉器皿、玉佩饰也进入了 寻常百姓之家。玉在中国传统文化中具有特殊的意义，中国也赢得了 “玉器之国”的美誉。【答案】Gold, silver and jade wares are the generic term, which usually refers to baldric or ornamental arts and crafts polished and carved out of metal materials like gold and silver and jade.The manufacture and use of gold and silver ware has already had a history of more than 3000 years in our country. Gold ware has appeared while bronze culture was well-known in the world in the Shang dynasty. According to cultural relics handed down from ancient times, there are many categories in the gold and silver ware that has been applied in many fields. Gold and silver wares can be seen anywhere, ranging from gold and silver jewellery to Buddhist tower and worshipping utensils. Gold and silver wares are merely used as baldric that can be collected in average family, and they are further used as diet and life appliances in an official family. But the use of gold and silver wares in the palace involves all respects, such as Buddhist ceremony, diet and daily life, crown clothing and coach, furnishings and decoration, etc., from which we can imagine that the influence of gold and silver wares has been reflected profoundly in our traditional culture and daily life.Jadeware refers to the work of art manually carved and polished out of jade and used for wearing and ornamentation or furnishings and appreciation. Most of the early jades were used as ritual vessel, and the number of baldric is very small. In terms of ancient jades unearthed in the Liangzhu and Hongshan cultural relics, apart from being used as ritual vessels in sacrificial and funerary activities, jadeware in the Neolithic period also had the mysterious meaning of protecting against evil spirits, as well as a symbol of power, wealth, and dignity. Furthermore, the use of jade was limited to royalty and nobility. After the Song Dynasty, the use of jade article was more and more popular, most of jade wares or jade ornaments could be seen in common family. Jade is endowed with a special meaning in the traditional Chinese culture, and China has also won a good reputation of “country of jade”.17. 单选题The house was very quiet,（ ）as it was on the side of a mountain.问题1选项A.isolatedB.isolatingC.being isolatedD.having been isolated【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这栋房子非常安静，由于它在山麓上而被隔离开了。后半句句子的主语是it, 指代前面的house，house与isolate是动宾关系，即“房子被隔离”，因此应该用过去分词形式。根据句意，选项A符合题意。18. 单选题The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual（1）, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional equipment.（2）this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work（3）his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others（4）his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, he should have more than a nodding（5）with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to（6） rapidly from one source language to another as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently（7）of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translators work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking,（8）that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage（9）a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can（10）with. It is,（11）, d