2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考试题库及模拟押密卷33（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题One authority made a census of the spiders in a grass field in the south of England, and he （ ）that there were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre.问题1选项A.assessedB.estimatedC.appraisedD.evaluated【答案】B【解析】句意:一位权威人士对英国南部一块草坪上的蜘蛛进行了数量调查，他估计在那个地方每公顷有超过225万只蜘蛛。考查近义词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Assess评定,估价; estimate估计,估量; appraise估量,估价,(对某人的工作)做出评价; evaluate评价,估价。由关键信息more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre (每公顷有225万只蜘蛛)可知B符合句意。2. 单选题Parks and similar recreation areas act as a kind of barrier between residential and industrial areas. The government is making efforts to preserve this “Green Belt” to halt the spread of industrial growth and excessive suburban sprawl into the surrounding countryside. Planning permission to build a new factory complex or housing estate is often refused for this reason.People nowadays have become very conscious of the threat which modern living poses to our natural environment. They are becoming concerned about the quality of present-day life and are giving vigorous support to conservation policies which aim to safeguard the countryside that is still untouched, and to clean and restore what has already been spoiled. This involves clearing town centers of all motor traffic with its polluting fumes and gases, preventing agricultural land from being sold to unscrupulous property developers, and launching a powerful campaign against the serious chemical pollution of many of our rivers, lakes and coastal waters. There is even some talk about making our elaborate canal system viable again for the transportation of goods such as coal, which would then lessen the amount of heavy traffic on our already overloaded roads.Neither is it all empty talk; for the first time in decades fish are being caught in the lower reaches of the Thames. For the conservationists this represents a real victory and gives them well-deserved satisfaction.1.Motor traffic is banned from many town centers because （ ）.2.The Green Belt in line 2 refers to（ ）.3.The fact that fishes are now being caught in the lower reaches of the Thames shows that（ ）.4.What threat does modern living pose to our natural environment?5.The campaign against serious pollution of rivers was launched because（ ）.6.According to the passage, in what other way can the canal system be used?问题1选项A.there is too much traffic alreadyB.it contaminates the air with fumes and gasesC.the smell of the fumes and gases is terribleD.it is noisy and dangerous问题2选项A.the surrounding countrysideB.the trees planted along the city roadsC.recreational areasD.industrial areas问题3选项A.the campaign to clean up rivers has brought about a change in the natural environmentB.the government has no interest in clearing up the middle and upper reaches of the riverC.the rest of the river is still pollutedD.there is no fish in the middle and upper reaches of the river问题4选项A.The rising cost of living.B.The excessive growth of suburban areas.C.The rapid expansion of industry.D.The deterioration of the quality of life.问题5选项A.the government wanted to preserve the cleanliness of the riversB.the government wanted to raise fish in the riversC.the government wanted to lessen the traffic burdens on the roadD.the government wanted to safeguard the countryside问题6选项A.As a fishing pond.B.As a boating center.C.As a means to carry goods.D.As a recreational area【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: This involves clearing town centers of all motor traffic with its polluting fumes and gases (这个（即环境保护政策）涉及清除城镇中心所有产生污染烟雾和气体的机动车),由此可知B项“它的烟雾和气体污染空气”正确。2.词义题。Green Belt所在句的前一句为: Parks and similar recreation areas act as a kind of barrier between residential and industrial areas (公园和类似的休闲区成为住宅区和工业区之间的一种屏障),而后说:政府正努力保护这种 “绿色地带”,由此可知Green Belt指代“休闲区”。3.判断推理题。最后一段指出: For the first time in decades fish are being caught in the lower reaches of the Thames. For the conservationists this represents a real victory and gives them well-deserved satisfaction (数十年来，泰晤士河下游首次捕获鱼类。对自然资源保护者来说，这是一个真正的胜利，给了他们应得的满足),由此可知A项“清洁河流的活动己带来环境方面的改变”正确。4.细节事实题。第二段指出: They are becoming concerned about the quality of present-day life and are giving vigorous support to conservation policies which aim to safeguard the countryside that is still untouched, and to clean and restore what has already been spoiled (人们担忧如今的生活质量，且正在给予旨在保护未被影响的乡村、清洁和恢复被破坏环境的环境保护政策大力的支持)。故D项“恶化了的生活质量”正确。5.判断推理题。第二段指出: They are becoming concerned about the quality of present-day life and are giving vigorous support to conservation policies which aim to safeguard the countryside that is still untouched, and to clean and restore what has already been spoiled (他们开始关注现在的生活质量，并大力支持旨在保护仍未被破坏的农村、清洁和恢复已经被破坏的土地的保护政策),后面指出“这些政策包括发起强有力的活动来反对我们对很多河流、湖泊和沿海水域的严重化学污染”,由此可知D项“政府想耍保护乡村”正确。6.细节事实题。根据题干关键词canal system定位至第二段: There is even some talk about making our elaborate canal system viable again for the transportation of goods such as coat which would then lessen the amount of heavy traffic on our already overloaded roads (甚至有一些人说让我们复杂的运河系统再次变得可以运输如煤等商品，那么这将让我们己超载的路上的交通量减少),故C项“作为运输物品的一种方式”正确。3. 单选题Because my tooth was badly decayed, the dentist had to （ ）it.问题1选项A.extricateB.exterminateC.eradicateD.extract【答案】D【解析】句意:因为我的蛀牙很严重,牙医不得不拔掉它。考查形近词辨析。Extricate使解脱,解救; exterminate消灭,根除; eradicate 铲除; extract 拔出,拔(牙)。4. 单选题I could not imagine that （ ）possible.问题1选项A.beB.beingC.isD.was【答案】A【解析】句意:我简直不能想象那是有可能的。语法题。考查特殊虚拟语气。imagine之后的that引导的宾语从句需要用 虚拟语气：should+动词原形,此时should可以省略。5. 单选题E-mail is a convenient, highly democratic informal medium for conveying messages that （ ）well to human needs.问题1选项A.conformsB.adheresC.reflectsD.satisfies【答案】B【解析】句意:电子邮件是一种方便的、非常大众化的非正式信息传递媒介,它很符合人类的需求。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Conform符合,遵照,常与介词to或with连用; adhere遵守,坚持,粘附; reflect反映,反射,反省; satisfy使满意,满足,可作及物动词。故B项无论从语义还是从搭配上都符合题干要求。6. 单选题The shrewd politician （ ）his speech to suit the interests of his audience.问题1选项A.adoptsB.assimilatesC.adaptsD.converts【答案】C【解析】句意:这位精明的政客为了满足听众的兴趣而改编了演讲稿。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Adopt采取,接受; assimilate吸收，使同化; adapt使适应,改编; convert使转变。故C符合句意。7. 单选题Although American institutions have an unquestionable prestige in the （ ）academic marketplace, their history was not comparable with that of the British ones.问题1选项A.curricularB.contemporaryC.communicativeD.conceptual【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管美国的院校在当代学术论坛上有无可置疑的声望，但是它们的历史却比不上英国院校的历史。考查形容词辨析。Curricular课程的; contemporary属同时期的,同一时代的,当代的; communicative乐意沟通的,语言交际能力的; conceptual概念(上)的,观念(上)的。因此B符合句意。8. 单选题Mathematics as well as other subjects （ ）a science.问题1选项A.wasB.isC.areD.belong to【答案】B【解析】句意:如其它学科一样，数学是一门科学。语法题。考查主谓一致。名词+as well as/no less than/but/except/with/like +其他名词做主语吋，谓语与第一个名词一致。Mathematics(数学)为单数，故谓语动词也应该用三单形式。此处是陈述事实,所以时态选用一般现在时。故选B。9. 单选题There was a long （ ） silence between them after his angry words.问题1选项A.clumsyB.inconvenientC.funnyD.embarrassing【答案】D【解析】句意:他愤怒的话语使得他们之间出现了长时间令人尴尬的沉默。考查形容词辨析。Clumsy笨拙的, inconvenient不便的,打扰的; funny有趣的,好笑的; embarrassing使人尴尬的，令人为难的。故D符合句意。10. 单选题It was suggested that this naughty boy（ ）.问题1选项A.win be scoldedB.had been scoldedC.could be scoldedD.be scolded【答案】D【解析】句意:有人建议对这个调皮的男孩儿进行批评。语法题。考查特殊虚拟语气。根据关键信息It was suggested that可知that引导的主语从句要用虚拟语气: should+动词原形(should可省略)。动词scold和主语naughty boy之间是被动关系。故选D。11. 单选题Some old people dont like pop songs because they cant （ ）so much noise.问题1选项A.resistB.tolerateC.sustainD.undergo【答案】B【解析】句意:一些老年人因不能忍受太多的噪音而不喜欢流行歌曲。考查动词辨析。resist 抵抗，抵制;tolerate 忍受，忍受（令人不愉快的事情或人）；sustain 支撑，承受（负担或指责）；undergo经受，遭受。空格处动词的宾语为noise(噪音)，因此B符合句意。12. 单选题Although （ ）happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.问题1选项A.whichB.whatC.whoD.that【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管在那个发达国家发生的事情听起来像科幻小说，但是这些事情却可能在世界的其它地方发生。语法题。考查主语从句的引导词。分析题干可知“ happened in thatdeveloped country”为although引导的让步状语从句中的主语从句,空格处应填主语从句引导词,并且在从句中充当主语成分。故选B。13. 单选题He is among those lucky students who have won （ ）to first-rate university.问题1选项A.permissionB.admittanceC.professionD.admission【答案】D【解析】句意:他是那些能幸运地进入一流大学的学生中的一员。考查近义词辨析。permission 允许，许可，一般用于give sb. permission to do sth.允许某人做某事;admittance 进入，入场权（尤指公共场所）;profession 职业，声明，宣布；admission 入学，承认,录用。因此D符合句意。14. 单选题While some business executives repeated their objections to the new smoking restrictions, others said they wanted more time to （ ）the impact of todays decision.问题1选项A.attestB.obtainC.affectD.weigh【答案】D【解析】句意:一些企业经管人员对新的吸烟限制条件表示反对，另外一部分人表示需要更多的时间去权衡如今决定的影响。考查动词辨析。Attest证明,证实; obtain获得; affect影响,感染,感动; weigh权衡,考虑,称重量。故D符合句意。15. 翻译题Translate the following short Chinese passage into English, which should be written on your Answer Sheet.人们常说，做一名旅游者是“现代体验”的特征之一。“从不出游”就和没有轿车或高级住宅一样寒酸。在现代社会中，旅行是一种地位的标志，也被视为保持身体健康之必需。因此，旅游从业人员的任务就是根据旅游者的阶层和总期望值来迎合他们的需要和兴趣。【答案】It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the “modern experience”. Never “going away” is like not possessing a car or a nice house. Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations.16. 单选题It was the training that he had as a young man （ ）made him such a great lawyer.问题1选项A.thatB.hasC.whatD.later【答案】A【解析】句意:正是他年轻时接受的训练使他成为了一位伟大的律师。语法题。考查强调句。强调句型为: It is/was +被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who(强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。题干强调主语the training,所以连接词应该用that。17. 单选题It is impossible to reverse knowledge, but it is societys prerogative to state which pieces of knowledge should remain unused. “Can do” never implies “must do”. It is rightly illegal to clone a human being in the UK, but it would not be beyond human perversity for someone to try to do it elsewhere in the world. One UK doctor, who has publicly condemned the very ideas, claims to have had people offering themselves for cloning or asking to have it done to loved ones. It would appear that some are attracted by the idea, but maybe they have not fully understood the implications. Even supposing someone would be stupid enough to try, there are many serious obstacles to be overcome. There is firstly the risk of imprisonment. A scientist would take the risk of ostracism from a disapproving medical and scientific establishment, and know that a journal would possibly refuse to publish any paper on the subject. Then, he or she would have to persuade or induce dozens of people to take part in prolonged illegal experiments. It would need donors, egg cell recipients and surrogate mothers in fairly large numbers, to take part in experiments. Abnormally large progeny have resulted in animal cloning done to date, which suggests that there are serious risks to the health of the mother and potential embryo.In order to prevent the genie from coming out of the bottle, there should be immediate moves to set up, if possible, an international binding treaty to ban experiments regarding human cloning worldwide.1.This short article is mainly about （ ）.2.Why does putting “clone man to practice face so many obstacles?3.In order to prevent the genie from coming out of the bottle, we should do all the following except that（ ）.4.All the following are the obstacles that a doctor can meet when trying to clone a human being except（ ）.问题1选项A.the fact that it is illegal to clone human beingsB.what you should do with a Genie out of a bottle and why you do soC.how a scientist could do this kind of experiments successfully though it is illegalD.the problems that “cloning humans” could bring问题2选项A.Everybody opposes it.B.The technique is not mature.C.It is against the humans ethicD.Both B and C问题3选项A.we should really know the implications carried by the idea of cloning a human beingB.we shouldnt let our bodies be used for the illegal experiments done by some ambitious scientists.C.we should do our best to appeal to stopping all the “clone” experiments whether its on humans or on other speciesD.we should make our best efforts to put a worldwide ban on the experiments on humans问题4选项A.serious risks to the health of the surrogate motherB.the risk of imprisonmentC.the risk of being executedD.the risk of resistance from medical establishments【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段指出:在英国，克隆人被公正地规定为非法,但仍有很多科学家们愿冒着风险去尝试。如果真的开始克隆人的实验，那么实验人员也会面临很多的阻碍，带来很多严重的危害。而最后一段又强调:为了阻止这一违法的罪恶行为出现，必须立即采取相关的限制措施。因此此文章主要是关于 “克隆人是一种违法行为的事实”。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: It is rightly illegal to clone a human being in the UK, but it would not be beyond human perversity for someone to try to do it elsewhere in the world (在英国，克隆人被公正地规定为非法。但不能排除在世界某个地方有某个违背常情的人试图那样做)。故选C“违背人类道德”。3.判断推理题。题干问的是哪一个不是阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即违法行为出现）的方法。A:我们应该充分认识到克隆人的想法意味着什么,第一段指出: It would appear that some are attracted by the idea, but maybe they have not fully understood the implications (这一观点对部分人似乎很有吸引力，这也许是因为他们没有充分认识到克隆人意味着什么),由此可知A符合原文;B: 我们不能让自己的身体被那些野心勃勃的科学家用来 做实验,根据第一段倒数第二句“It would need donors, egg cell recipients and surrogate mothers in fairly large numbers, to take part in Experiments (这将需要有大量的捐赠者、卵细胞接受者和代孕妈妈参与到实验中)”可以推断B也是可以阻止魔鬼逃出玻璃瓶（即违法行为出现）的方法;C: 我们应该尽一切努力呼吁停止一切克隆实验，无论 是克隆人类还是克隆动物,文章中并未提及对动物的克隆实验进行限制。D: 我们应该尽一切努力 在全世界范围内限制克隆人的实验,根据最后一段“In order to prevent the genie from coming out of the bottle, there should be immediate moves to set up, if possible, an international binding treaty to ban experiments regarding human cloning worldwide (为了阻止魔鬼，逃出玻璃瓶（即 违法行为出现），必须立即采取相关的措施，如果可以的话，制定在世界范围内 与克隆人类相关的具有国际约束力的条约)”可知D也是方法之一。故选C。4.细节事实题。题干问的是以下哪个选项不属于克隆人的实验面临的阻碍。A: 对代孕妈妈的健康存在巨大威胁,根据第一段最后一句话“Abnormally large progeny have resulted in animal cloning done to date, which suggests that there are serious risks to the health of the mother and potential embryo (迄今为止，很多克隆得来的动物们都显得不正常，这意味着克隆对于代孕妈妈和潜在的胚胎都存在这巨大的健康威胁)”可知A属于面临的阻碍;B:监禁的风险,根据第一段中的“There is firstly the risk of imprisonment (首先是面临监禁的风险)”可知B也属于面临的阻碍。C: 面临被处决的风险,文章并未提及。D:被医疗机构排斥的风险,根据第一段中的“A scientist would take the risk of ostracism from a disapproving medical and scientific establishment (科学家可能会面临被医疗和科研机构排斥的风险)”可知D也属于面临的阻碍。因此本题选C。18. 单选题When you go to a new country, you must（ ） yourself to new manners and customs.问题1选项A.adoptB.fitC.suitD.adapt【答案】D【解析】句意:到一个新国家后，你一定要让自己适应新的礼仪和风俗。考查动词辨析。Adopt采取,接受; fit安装,使合身; suit使适应; adapt使适应,使适合。adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应。C项从语义上也符合题干,但是没有suit oneself to sth.的搭配。故选D。19. 单选题The manager needs an assistant that he can （ ）to take care of problems in his absence.问题1选项A.count inB.count onC.count upD.count out【答案】B【解析】句意:这个经理需要一位靠得住的助手，以便他不在时去处理问题。考查短语辨析。count in把算入,包括; count on预计,指望,依靠,依赖; count up计算（或清点）总数; count out不把算在内。根据句意可知B正确。20. 单选题（ ） with the height of the skyscraper, this mountain doesnt seem high at all.问题1选项A.When comparedB.While comparingC.CompareD.Comparing【答案】A【解析】句意:当与摩天大楼的高度相比吋，这座山看起来根本不高。语法题。考查过去分词做状语。此句主语为this mountain,前半句为动词compare的过去分词做比较状语。分句中动词compare与逻辑主语this mountain之间是被动关系,故选A。