2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷1（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 不定项选择题Psychologists agree that I.Q. contribute only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed:1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning into what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls “gut feelings.” Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skin will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety, even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be aware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotion intelligence: being able to shake off bad mood.2. Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance.We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be: That jerk! He could have hit me! I cant let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is “refraining”, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.Going off alone to cool clown is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you cant think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive a finding that inspired her to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, dont waste the time pursuing your train of anger thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods.1. What are gut feelings?2. According to the author, the importance of knowing ones gut feelings is that（ ）.3. The word “spice” in Paragraph 6 is closed in meaning to （ ）.4. The essence of “refraining” in Paragraph 9 is （ ）.5. What is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.They are feeling one is born with.B.They are feelings one may be unaware of.C.They are feelings of fear and anxiety.D.They are feelings felt by sensible people.问题2选项A.one can develop themB.one can call others attention to themC.one may get rid of themD.one may control them问题3选项A.add interest toB.lengthenC.make dullD.bring into existence问题4选项A.to forget the unpleasant situationB.to adopt a positive attitudeC.to protect oneself properlyD.to avoid road accidents问题5选项A.What is Emotional Intelligence?B.How to Develop Emotional Intelligence.C.Strategies for Getting Rid of Foul Moods.D.How to Control ones Gut Feelings.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由题干关键词“gut feelings”定位到第三段第二句话“Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them”（直觉可能在一个人没有意识到的情况下发生）可知，直觉是人们可能没有意识到的感觉。A选项“它们是天生的”没有原文依据；C选项“它们是恐惧和焦虑的感觉”错误，直觉包括很多种感觉；D选项“它们是理智的人所感受到的感情”错误，人都会有直觉，没有理性和感性之分。因此B选项正确。第2题:判断推理题。由题干定位到第四段倒数一、二句话“He may be aware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them”（他可能意识到了自己的易怒，当有人提醒他时，他会感到惊讶。但如果他评估自己的感受，他就能改变。）可知既然可以改变，那就是可以控制的。A选项“可以开发它们”、B选项“一个人可以引起别人的注意”、C选项“人们可以摆脱它们”均说法错误，文中没有相关表述。因此D选项正确。第3题:语义推测题。由题干关键词“spice”定位到第六段“Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance”（情绪管理。好心情和坏心情可以丰富生活，塑造性格。关键是平衡）可知spice是丰富的意思，即给生活增加乐趣。A选项“增加乐趣”；B选项“延长”、C选项“乏味”、D选项“产生”三项与该处语义不符。因此A选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。由题干关键词“refraining”定位到第九段“A more effective technique is refraining, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency”（一种更有效的方法是“克制”，这意味着有意识地以一种更积极的态度重新解释当前的情况。对于插队的司机，你可以告诉自己：也许他遇到了紧急情况）可知遇到问题时要克制自己，当遇到插队的司机时的想法告诉我们要用积极的态度去思考这些问题。A选项“忘记不愉快的处境”；C选项“妥善保护自己”、D选项“避免交通意外”三项不是本质，而是具体可以怎么去让自己的处境变得舒缓一点的方法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。第5题:主旨大意题。由题干定位到第一段最后一句话“Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed”（以下是构成情商的两个主要品质，以及如何开发它们）可知本文主要围绕如何开发情商所展开。A选项“什么是情商”概括不全面，文章不是主要讲了情商的定义，有简单的提及；C选项“摆脱坏心情的策略”、D选项“如何控制自己的直觉”两项都是如何开发情商的不同的两个方法，不能概括整个文章的主旨大意，所以排除。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题Brushing removes larger particles, but dentists suggest brushing the back of the tongue as well, where food residues and bacteria _.问题1选项A.flourishB.collaborateC.embarkD.congregate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“flourish”意为“繁荣，茂盛；处于旺盛时期；炫耀”；B选项“collaborate”意为“合作；勾结，通敌”；C选项“embark”意为“上船（或飞机）；（使）上船（或登机）；从事”；D选项“congregate”意为“聚集”。句意：刷牙可以清除较大的颗粒，但牙医建议也要刷舌头后部，那里有食物残渣和细菌聚集。由题干可知，food residues and bacteria（食物残渣和细菌），可以推测出是有这些东西的聚集，所以牙医建议也要刷舌头的后部。因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题To many people, a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family they need children to enrich the circle, to _family character and to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.问题1选项A.repressB.intimidateC.validateD.confine【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“repress”意为“抑制；镇压（叛乱等）；约束”；B选项“intimidate”意为“恐吓，威胁；胁迫”；C选项“validate”意为“验证；确认；使生效”；D选项“confine”意为“限制；禁闭；（因疾病、残疾）无法离开（床 、家、轮椅）”。句意：对许多人来说，夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭他们需要孩子来充实他们的小圈子，使家庭特征生效，并从后代那里获得某种救赎的影响。由题干可知，a husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family（夫妻二人似乎并不构成一个真正的家庭）夫妻需要孩子才能构成完整的家庭，所以家庭特征需要有孩子才能生效。因此C选项符合题意。4. 单选题When the young man died unexpectedly, it took health experts several weeks of intensive lab work to identify the culprit.问题1选项A.curlB.curveC.causeD.curse【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。横线单词culprit意为“犯人，罪犯；元凶”；A选项“curl”意为“卷曲；卷发；螺旋状物”；B选项“curve”意为“曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表”；C选项“cause”意为“原因；事业；目标”；D选项“curse”意为“诅咒；咒骂；祸根”。句意：当这个年轻人意外死亡时，健康专家花了几个星期进行深入细致的实验室工作来确定罪魁祸首。由题干可知，the young man died unexpectedly（这个年轻人意外死亡了）所以健康专家肯定是要确定导致他死亡的原因，或者说元凶。由此可知，culprit在此处最可能是“元凶”的意思，四个选项中curse具有“祸根”的意思，与此相近。因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题Her panic was transient, and ceased when she began to speak.问题1选项A.beyond descriptionB.unnoticedC.passing quicklyD.vague【答案】C【解析】考查形容词和词组辨析。transient“短暂的；路过的”；A选项beyond description“无法形容，难以形容”；B选项unnoticed“被忽视的；不引人注意的；未被注意的”；C选项passing quickly“飞逝的”；D选项vague“模糊的；含糊的”。句意：她的惊慌是暂时的，一开口就停止了。由题干中的“ceased when she began to speak一开口就停止了”可推知transient在这里有“短暂的”的意思，因此C选项正确。6. 单选题These continual（ ）in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear.问题1选项A.alterationsB.vibrationsC.wavesD.fluctuations【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。选项alteration“修改，改变；变更”；vibration“振动；振荡；颤抖”；wave“波浪；挥手示意”；fluctuation“起伏，浮动；动荡；动摇”。句意：温度上的这些持续起伏让人无法决定穿什么衣服。根据句中“make it impossible to decide what to wear让人无法决定穿什么衣服”可知“起伏”符合语境，因此D选项正确。7. 单选题As there was no road, the travelers （ ）up a rocky slope on their way back.问题1选项A.ranB.hurriedC.scrambledD.crawled【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。四个选项均与up搭配，分别是run、hurry、scramble、crawl的过去式。A选项ran up“匆匆制成；积欠；迅速积累；向上跑”；B选项hurried up“（使）赶快”；C选项scrambled up“攀爬；巴结；搅混起来”；D选项crawl up“爬上；爬到”。由本句关键词“a rocky slope”（岩石边坡）可知，旅行者们需要攀爬边坡，才能返回，所以攀爬的意思在此处符合题意。句意：因为没有路，旅行者们在返回的路上攀爬了一个岩石斜坡。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Africa and South American are moving away from each other as new material is（ ）into the floor between them.问题1选项A.dejectedB.ejectedC.injectedD.projected【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deject“使沮丧；使灰心”；B选项eject“喷射；驱逐， 逐出”；C选项inject“注入；注射”；D选项project“计划；发射；放映”。句意：随着新材料被注入到非洲和南美之间的地板上，它们正在相互远离，因此C选项正确。9. 不定项选择题Whats your earliest childhood memory? Can you remember learning to walk? Or talk? The first time you （71） thunder or watched a television program? Adults seldom （72） events much earlier than the year or so before entering school, just as children younger than three or four （73） retain any memory of specific, personal experiences. A variety of explanations have been （74） by psychologists for this “childhood amnesia”(儿童失忆症). One argues that the hippocampus, the region of the brain which is responsible for forming memories, does not mature （75） about the age of two. But the most popular theory （76） that, since adults do not think like children, they cannot （77） childhood memories. Adults think in words, and their life memories are like stories or （78） one event follows （79） as in a novel or film. But when they search through their mental （80） for early childhood memories to add to this verbal life story, they dont find anything that fits the （81）, its like trying to find a Chinese word in an English dictionary.Now psychologist Annette Simmons of the New York State University offers a new （82） for childhood amnesia: She argues that there simply （83） any early childhood memories to recall. According to Dr. Simmons, children need to learn to use （84） spoken description of their personal experiences in order to turn their own short-term, quickly （85） impressions of them into long-term memories. In other （86）, children have to talk about their experiences and hear others talk about （87）: Mom talking about the afternoon （88） looking for seashells at the beach or Dad asking them about their day at Ocean Park. Without this （89） reinforcement, says Dr. Simmons, children cannot form （90） memories of their personal experience.问题1选项A.listenedB.heardC.touchedD.felt问题2选项A.recallB.interpretC.involveD.resolve问题3选项A.largelyB.reallyC.merelyD.rarely问题4选项A.proposedB.witnessedC.canceledD.figured问题5选项A.afterB.onceC.untilD.since问题6选项A.magnifiesB.maintainsC.containsD.intervenes问题7选项A.accessB.attainC.reflectD.refer问题8选项A.regulationsB.forecastsC.narrativesD.descriptions问题9选项A.the restB.othersC.the otherD.another问题10选项A.outputsB.filesC.flashesD.detains问题11选项A.frameB.landscapeC.footstepD.pattern问题12选项A.explanationB.arrangementC.emphasisD.factor问题13选项A.isntB.werentC.arentD.wasnt问题14选项A.anyone elseB.someone elsesC.someone elseD.anyone elses问题15选项A.forgettingB.rememberedC.forgottenD.remembering问题16选项A.wordsB.casesC.sensesD.means问题17选项A.himB.themC.itD.theirs问题18选项A.usedB.spentC.takenD.chosen问题19选项A.habitualB.mutualC.prettyD.verbal问题20选项A.subordinateB.consciousC.permanentD.spiritual【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C第6题:C第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:B第11题:D第12题:A第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:B第17题:B第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】第1题:考查动词辨析。四个选项均为原形动词的过去式。A选项listened“听”，其后必须接介词to；B选项heard“听”；C选项touched“触摸”；D选项felt“感觉”是feel的过去式。由空格后的thunder推测，此处为听到雷声。句意：你还记得你第一次听到雷声或看电视节目的时候吗？因此B选项正确。第2题:考查动词辨析。A选项recall“召回；回想起，记起”；B选项interpret“解释；翻译”；C选项involve“包含；牵涉；使陷于”；D选项resolve“解决；决心；分解”。由空格后“events much earlier than the year or so before entering school”（早于入学前一年左右的事情）可知，此处对应的应该是回想的意思，回想起自己入学之前的事情。句意：成年人很少能回忆起入学前一年左右发生的事情。因此A选项正确。第3题:考查副词辨析。A选项largely“主要地；大部分；大量地”；B选项really“实际上，事实上”；C选项merely“仅仅，只不过；只是”；D选项rarely“很少地；难得；罕有地”。由空格前后语义，以及此句话与前面的“Adults seldom recall events much earlier than the year or so before entering school”应该是并列的关系，所以空格处对应的是很少的意思。句意：就像三、四岁以下的孩子很少能记住任何具体的个人经历一样。因此D选项正确。第4题:考查动词辨析。A选项proposed“提议；计划；提出”；B选项witnessed“目击；证明”；C选项canceled“取消；宣布作废”；D选项figured“是的重要部分；认为；计算”。由空格前“A variety of explanations”（多种解释）可知，解释是被心理学家提出的，所以proposed符合语义。句意：心理学家对这种“童年失忆症”提出了各种解释。因此A选项正确。第5题:考查固定搭配。固定搭配not until“直到才”。A选项after“在之后”；B选项once“一次；曾经；一旦”；D选项since“自以后”。由空格前后“does not mature _ about the age of two”可知，表达的是一个递进的关系，所以not until符合题意。句意：一种观点认为，大脑中负责形成记忆的海马体直到两岁左右才成熟。因此C选项正确。第6题:考查动词辨析。四个选项均为原形动词的第三人称单数形式。A选项magnifies“放大；赞美；夸大”；B选项maintains“维持；继续；维修”；C选项contains“ 包含，容纳；控制，克制”；D选项intervenes“干涉；调停；插入”。由空格前“the most popular theory”（最流行的理论）可知，是流行理论包含了后面的具体内容，所以contain与本题题意相对应。句意：但最流行的理论是，成年人不像孩子那样思考。因此C选项正确。第7题:考查动词辨析。A选项access“接近，使用；访问”；B选项attain“达到，实现；获得”，强调通过实际努力所获得的；C选项reflect“反映；反射，照出”；D选项refer“参考；涉及”。由空格后“childhood memories”（童年记忆）可知，该空格处应该是获取的意思，即获取童年记忆。句意：但最流行的理论是，由于成年人不像孩子那样思考，他们无法获得童年的记忆。因此A选项正确。第8题:考查名词辨析。A选项regulations“管理条例；规程”；B选项forecasts“气象通信预测；展望”；C选项narratives“叙述，故事；叙事”；D选项descriptions“摘要；说明，说明书；描述”。由空格前“stories”（故事）可知，该空格处应该与故事并列，所以narratives符合题意。句意：成年人用语言思考，他们的生活记忆就像故事或叙事。因此C选项正确。第9题:考查固定搭配。A选项the rest“剩余部分；其余者”；B选项others“其他”；C选项the other“另一个”；D选项another“又一，另一”。由空格前“one”可知，后面与其也是并列关系，且one与another经常形成固定搭配，意为“一个接一个”。句意：成年人用语言思考，他们的生活记忆就像故事或叙事一个事件紧接另一个事件，如在小说或电影中。因此D选项正确。第10题:考查名词辨析。A选项outputs“输出”；B选项files“计文件；图情计文档”；C选项flashes“闪光；反射”；D选项detains“细节”。由空格前“search through”（搜遍；查遍）可知，此处对应的是文件、档案的意思，代表童年记忆的文档。句意：但是当他们在他们的大脑文件中搜索早期的童年记忆，添加到这个口头的生活故事中时因此B选项正确。第11题:考查名词辨析。A选项frame“框架；结构”；B选项landscape“风景；风景画”；C选项footstep“脚步；脚步声；足迹”；D选项pattern“模式；图案；样品”。由空格前的前半句，可参考80题，口头故事应该与模式相对应，其余选项在此不符合语义。句意：但是当他们在他们的大脑中寻找早期的童年记忆来添加到这个口头生活故事时，他们找不到任何与这个故事模式相符的东西，这就像在英语字典中找一个中文单词一样。因此D选项正确。第12题:考查名词辨析。A选项explanation“说明，解释”；B选项arrangement“布置；整理；准备；安排”；C选项emphasis“重点；强调”；D选项factor“因素；要素”。由空格后的内容可知是对空格处进行进一步的解释说明，且第一段中就提到了explanation，所以此处对应的是解释的意思。句意：现在，纽约州立大学的心理学家安妮特西蒙斯提出了一项关于童年失忆症的新解释。因此A选项正确。第13题:语法题考查一般过去时。由整个句子的位谓语为“argues”，是第三人称单数形式，因为该句为一般现在时态，所以可排除B、D选项；从句的主语为“childhood memories”，所以谓语动词应该用复数，即排除A选项。句意：她认为根本就没有任何早期的童年记忆需要回忆。因此C选项正确。第14题:语法题考查代词的用法。Someone和anyone都是合成代词，而someone一般用于肯定句中，anyone一般用于否定句中。该句为肯定句，所以可排除A、D选项；空格后的“spoken description”和空格处构成从属关系，所以B选项符合题意。句意：根据西蒙斯博士的说法，孩子们需要学会用别人对他们个人经历的口头描述来改变他们自己的短期生活。因此B选项正确。第15题:考查形容词辨析。A选项forgetting“正在忘记的（forget的ing形式）；遗忘”；B选项remembered“记得的”；C选项forgotten“忘记的（forget的过去分词）”；D选项remembering“正在记忆的（remember 的现在分词）”。由空格前“short-term”（短期的）表示是很快就会忘记的，表示已经忘记的为forgotten。句意：根据西蒙斯博士的说法，孩子们需要学会使用别人对他们个人经历的口头描述，以便将他们自己的短期、迅速遗忘的印象转变为长期记忆。因此C选项正确。第16题:考查固定搭配。A选项words“话语；言语”；B选项cases“情况”；C选项senses“感觉；意义”；D选项means“手段；方法；财产”。In other case为固定搭配，意为“对于其他情况；在另一些情况下”。因此B选项正确。第17题:考查前后逻辑关系。由第一段“this verbal life story”（口头故事）和空格前“children have to talk about their experiences”（孩子们必须谈论自己的经历）可知，这里对应的意思应该为它们。句意：在其他情况下，孩子们必须谈论他们的经历，并听其他人谈论它们。因此B选项正确。第18题:考查动词辨析。四个选项为原形动词的过去分词形式。A选项used“用”；B选项spent“花费，耗费；浪费”；C选项taken“拿，带”；D选项chosen“选择”。由空格前后的语义可知，应该是花费整个下午在沙滩找贝壳，所以花费与该处语义相对应。句意：妈妈谈论在海滩上寻找贝壳的下午，爸爸问他们在海洋公园的一天。因此B选项正确。第19题:考查前后逻辑关系。A选项habitual“习惯的；惯常的”；B选项mutual“共同的；相互的”；C选项pretty“漂亮的，可爱的，优美的”；D选项verbal“口头的；言语的”。由87题“children have to talk about their experiences”（孩子们必须谈论自己的经历），再联系空格后的“reinforcement”（加固；加强）可知，这里指的是言语上的加强。因此D选项正确。第20题:考查前后逻辑关系。A选项subordinate“从属的，隶属的；次要的”；B选项conscious“意识到的；故意的”；C选项permanent“永久的，永恒的”；D选项spiritual“精神的，心灵的”。由85题“long-term memories”（长期记忆）可知此题是指长期的，与长期记忆相对应。句意：西蒙斯博士说，如果没有这种语言上的强化，孩子们就不能对他们的个人经历形成永久的记忆。因此C选项正确。10. 单选题The salesman approached the house cautiously when he saw the dog at the door.问题1选项A.carefullyB.deliberatelyC.nervouslyD.bravely【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。cautiously“小心地；谨慎地”；A选项carefully“小心地”；B选项deliberately“故意地”；C选项nervously“神经质地；焦急地”；D选项bravely“勇敢地；无畏地”。句意：推销员看到门口的狗，小心翼翼地走近房子。根据句中“when he saw the dog at the door在看见门口的狗后”可知cautiously在这里的意思应为“小心地”，因此A选项正确。11. 单选题He does nothing that violates the interests of the collective.问题1选项A.runs forB.runs againstC.runs overD.runs into【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。violate“违反；侵犯，妨碍”，A选项run for“竞选；匆匆去取；赶紧去请”；B选项“run against 撞上；偶遇；违反”；C选项“run over 辗过；匆匆看；复查”；D选项“run into 遭遇，陷入；撞到；偶然遇见”。句意：他不做任何违背集体利益的事。根据句中“the interests of the collective集体的利益”可知violate在这里的意思为“违反”，因此B选项正确。12. 单选题In a divorce, the mother usually is granted （ ） of her children.问题1选项A.supportB.retentionC.perseveranceD.custody【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项support“支持；供养；支持者”；B选项retention“保留；扣留，滞留”；C选项perseverance“坚持不懈；不屈不挠”；D选项custody“保管；监护；拘留；抚养权”。句意：在离婚中，母亲通常获得子女的抚养权。由关键词“divorce离婚”可知“抚养权”符合语境，因此D选项正确。13. 单选题The motion picture originated when a series of still photograph were sliced and viewed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement and continuity.问题1选项A.reducedB.joinedC.revisedD.titled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。横线单词sliced意为“切下；把分成部分；将切成薄片”；A选项“reduced”意为“减少；缩小；使处于；把分解”；B选项“joined”意为“参加；结合；连接”；C选项“revised”意为“修正；复习；校订”；D选项“titled”意为“加标题于；赋予头衔；把称为”。句意：电影起源于将一系列静止的照片切成薄片，快速连续地观看，以创造移动和连续性的幻觉。由题干可知，motion picture（电影）最开始是以一系列静止照片的形式观看，可以推测出应该是将这些照片切成薄片，也就是胶片的样子。由此可知，sliced在此处最可能是“将切成薄片”的意思，四个选项中reduced具有“缩小，分解”的意思，与此相近。因此A选项符合题意。14. 单选题Chinese farmers are mostly living a simple and thrifty life as it is today.问题1选项A.miserableB.economicalC.luxuriousD.sensible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。thrifty“节俭的；节约的”；A选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的”；B选项economical“经济的；节俭的”；C选项luxurious“奢侈的；丰富的；放纵的”；D选项sensible“明智的；合乎情理的；意识到的”。句意：中国农民大多像今天这样过着简单节俭的生活。根据句中“simple简单的”可知thrifty在这里的意思为“节俭的”，因此B选项正确。15. 单选题Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed, with plenty of money for top-flight staff travel and television commercials.问题1选项A.dubiouslyB.potentlyC.profuselyD.candidly【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。横线单词lavishly意为“丰富地；浪费地；大方地”；A选项“dubiously”意为“怀疑地；可疑地”；B选项“potently”意为“有说服力地；强有力地；有效力地”；C选项“profusely”意为“丰富地；不吝惜地；大量地”；D选项“candidly”意为“坦白地；率直地；直率而诚恳地”。句意：此外，竞选活动本身得到了慷慨的资助，有足够的钱用于一流的工作人员旅行和电视广告。由题干可知，with plenty of money（有足够的钱）说明financed（资助）肯定是充足的，或者数量巨大的。由此可知，lavishly在此处最可能是“大方地”的意思。因此C选项符合题意。16. 单选题Neither of them thought highly of him and they both tried to（ ）him in his work.问题1选项A.hamperB.supportC.assistD.encourage【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项hamper“妨碍；束缚；使困累”；B选项support“支持；扶持，帮助；供养”；C选项assist“帮助；促进”；D选项encourage“鼓励；支持”。句意：他们俩人都看不起他，且都试图在他的工作上妨碍他。根据句中“Neither of them thought highly of him他们俩人都看不起他”可知“妨碍”符合语境，因此A选项正确。17. 不定项选择题Scientists are hoping to eliminate malaria （疟疾）by developing a genetically modified mosquito that cannot transmit the disease. Malaria has long troubled the populations of South America, Africa, and Asia, where mosquito bites infect up to 500 million people a year with this serious and sometimes fatal parasitic blood disease. For generations, scientists have been trying to eliminate malaria by developing new drugs and using pes