2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第123期

2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ）the way, we set off on foot into the dark night.问题1选项A.The guide ledB.With the guide leadingC.With the guide to leadD.With the guide lead【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在分词表示主动。句中的guide（导游）与lead（带领）之间表示主动关系，因此选B。句意：在导游的带领下，我们在黑夜里步行出发了。2. 单选题When Jack was eighteen he（ ）going around with a strange set of people and staying out very late.问题1选项A.took toB.took upC.took forD.took on【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项take to“喜欢”；B选项take up“开始从事”；C选项take for“认为，当作”；D选项take on“承担”。根据句意可知A选项符合语境。句意：杰克十八岁时喜欢跟一群奇怪的人混在一起，常常在外面待到很晚才回来。3. 单选题Crowd control could soon become a crucial skill for climbers on Mount Everest, as important as physical strength or watching the weather. In a single day last week, nearly 40 people reached the top of the worlda record. Reports sent by satellite telephone from base camp spoke of queues at dangerous ridges and crowded as people passed each other in the final dash for the 8, 848 meters (29,129ft) summit.More traditional mountaineers sneer (嘲笑) at the circus atmosphere surrounding Everest in recent years, and there are warnings that the crowds are making the mountain more dangerous. Overcrowding has already taken its toll. In 1996, 14 died on the mountain when the members of several expeditions were trapped at high altitudes by sudden snowstorm. Bad weather in early May led to this years jam on the summit ridge, but the toll, luckily, was light. Just four climbers died, including a Nepali Sherpa who had made 11 previous successful climbing.Traditionalists are also worried about the growing tendency of expeditions to set records and achieve “firsts”, rather than simply climb the mountain. This years crop of summiteers included the oldest man, 64-year-oId Sherman Bull from Connecticut, and the youngest: 16-year-old Temba Tsheri Sherpa of Nepal. An American with only one arm was on the mountain this year; an Indian with no legs also tried but to no avail. In the most spectacular feat, Erik Weihenmeyer, an American, became the first blind person to reach the top of the world. His fellow climbers stayed in front of him on the way up, describing the terrain and ringing bells.Nepal views Mount Everest as something of a cash cow; the government charges expeditions a minimum of $70,000. That is probably why officials in Katmandu are ignoring concerns about overcrowding and talking about even more climbers coming next year. But a celebration of the 48th anniversary of the first conquest of Everest, by Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was cancelled after violent strikes, called by the Communist opposition. Retuning climbers who thought their challenge was over had to walk from hotel to airport so they could fly home to the usual triumphal welcome. Tumultuous Nepali politics, it seems, could be just the crowd-control measure that Everest needs.1.What is important to climbers on Mount Everest?2.More accidents have happened in recent years due to（ ）.3.Several summiteers are mentioned in the third paragraph to show（ ）.4.The attitude of the Nepali government toward the circus atmosphere is（ ）.5.An anniversary celebration of the first conquest of Everest was cancelled due to（ ）.问题1选项A.Watching the weather.B.Making a final dash.C.Psychological adjustment.D.Group management.问题2选项A.bad geographical conditionsB.carelessness of the climbersC.overcrowdingD.snowstorms问题3选项A.their courageB.their diversityC.their great achievementsD.their common motivation问题4选项A.indifferentB.welcomingC.worriedD.concerned问题5选项A.overcrowdingB.political reasonsC.the returning of the climbersD.the lack of crowd-control measure【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词important to climbers定位到文章第一段中，由第一段第一句Crowd control could soon become a crucial skill for climbers on Mount Everest, as important as physical strength or watching the weather（人群控制很快就会成为珠穆朗玛峰登山者的一项关键技能，与身体素质和观察天气一样重要）可知身体素质与观察天气对登山者很重要，因此选A。2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词accidents定位至文章第二段中，由第一段第一二句More traditional mountaineers sneer at the circus atmosphere surrounding Everest in recent years, and there are warnings that the crowds are making the mountain more dangerous. Overcrowding has already taken its toll. （近年来，越来越多的传统登山者嘲笑珠穆朗玛峰周围的气氛，并警告说，人群正在使珠穆朗玛峰变得更加危险。过度拥挤已经造成了损失）可知C选项“过度拥挤”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的Traditionalists are also worried about the growing tendency of expeditions to set records and achieve “firsts”，rather than simply climb the mountain.（传统主义者也担心探险队越来越倾向于创造记录并取得“第一”，而不是简单地爬山）可推测后面所举的Several summiteers例子是为了说明他们的动机，因此选D。4.观点态度题。“the circus atmosphere（马戏团气氛）”暗指“人群拥挤”。根据题干关键词Nepali定位到文章最后一段中，由Nepal views Mount Everest as something of a cash cow; the government charges expeditions a minimum of $70,000. That is probably why officials in Katmandu are ignoring concerns about overcrowding and talking about even more climbers coming next year.（尼泊尔将珠穆朗玛峰视为摇钱树；政府对探险的收费最低为7万美元。这可能就是加德满都官员忽视了过度拥挤的担忧，并谈论明年将有更多登山者到来的原因）可知尼泊尔政府将珠穆朗玛峰当作赚钱的工具，对人群过度拥挤的问题视而不见，因此A选项“漠不关心的”符合题意。5.推理判断题。根据题干关键词the first conquest of Everest定位到文章最后一段中，由But a celebration of the 48th anniversary of the first conquest of Everest, by Sir Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, was cancelled after violent strikes（但Sir Edmund Hillary和Sherpa Tenzing Norgay举行的第一次征服珠穆朗玛峰48周年纪念活动，在暴力袭击后被取消）和 Tumultuous Nepali politics, it seems, could be just the crowd-control measure that Everest needs.（混乱的尼泊尔政治，似乎只是珠穆朗玛峰需要的人群控制措施）可知取消的原因是violent strikes，结合本文一直提及的“人群拥挤”问题，可推测violent strikes指的是“过度拥挤”，因此选A。4. 单选题Science is a dominant theme in our culture. Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation. They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are. An understanding of general characteristics of science as well as specific scientific concepts is easier to obtain if one knows something about the things that excite and frustrate the scientist.This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial; for the person who has been presented with science as a musty storehouse of dried facts; for the person who sees the chief objective of science as the production of gadgets; and for the person who views the scientists as some sort of magician. The book can be used to supplement a course in any science, to accompany any course that attempts to give an understanding of the modem world, or independently of any course, simply to provide a better understanding of science. We hope this book will lead readers to a broader perspective on scientific attitudes and a more realistic view of what science is, who scientists are, and what they do. It will give them an awareness and understanding of the relationship between science and our culture and an appreciation of the roles science may play in our culture. In addition, readers may learn to appreciate the relationship between scientific views and some of the values and philosophies that are pervasive in our culture.We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it. That population has in recent years come to consist of more and more women. This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals. To balance this built-in bias, we have adopted the policy of using plural nouns and pronouns whenever possible and, when absolutely necessary, alternating him and her. This policy is far from being ideal, but it is at least an acknowledgement of the inadequacy of our language in treating half of the human race equally.We have also tried to make the book entertaining as well as informative. Our approach is usually informal. We feel, as many other scientists do, that we shouldnt take ourselves too seriously. As the reader may observe, we see science as a delightful pastime rather than as a grim and dreary way to earn a living.1.According to the passage, “scientific subculture” means（ ）.2.We need to know something about the structure and operation of science because（ ）.3.The book mentioned in this passage is written for readers who（ ）.4.According to this passage, which of the following is true?5.The text most probably is（ ）.问题1选项A.cultural groups that are formed by scientists.B.people whose knowledge of science is very limitedC.the scientific communityD.people who make good contribution to science问题2选项A.it is not easy to understand the things that excite and frustrate scientistsB.science affects almost every aspect of our lifeC.scientists live in a specific subcultureD.it is easier to understand general characteristics of science问题3选项A.are intelligent college students and lay person who do not know much about scienceB.are good at producing various gadgetsC.work in a storehouse of dried factsD.want to have a superficial understanding of science问题4选项A.English is a sexist language.B.Only in the scientific world is the role of women increasing rapidly.C.Women are making significant contributions to eliminating the inadequacy of our language.D.Male nouns or pronouns should not be used to refer to scientists.问题5选项A.a book reviewB.the preface of a bookC.the postscript of a bookD.the concluding part of a book【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的They should also have an understanding of the subculture in which scientists live and the kinds of people they are.（他们还应该了解科学家生活的亚文化群体以及他们是什么样的人）和第三段中的We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it.（我们试图在这本书中给出一个准确的、最新的描述科学界及生活在科学界的人）可推测“scientific subculture（科学亚文化群体）”指的是由科学家组成的文化群体，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Since it touches almost every aspect of our life, educated people need at least some idea of its structure and operation.（因为它几乎涉及到我们生活的每一个方面，受过教育的人至少需要了解它的结构和运作）可知B选项“科学几乎影响我们生活的方方面面”符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的This book is written for the intelligent student or lay person whose knowledge of science is superficial（这本书是为聪明的学生或非专业人士而写的，他们的科学知识是肤浅的）可知A选项“聪明的大学生和不懂科学的门外汉”符合题意。4.推理判断题。由文章第三段中的This increasing role of women in the scientific subculture is not a unique incident but, rather, part of the trend evident in all parts of society as more women enter traditionally male-dominated fields and make significant contributions. In discussing these changes and contribution, however, we are faced with a language that is somewhat sexist, one that uses male nouns or pronouns in referring to unspecified individuals.（随着越来越多的女性进入传统的男性主导的领域并作出重大贡献，女性在科学亚文化中的作用日益增强，这不是一个独特的事件，而是社会各方面明显的趋势的一部分。然而，在讨论这些变化和贡献时，我们面临着一种有点性别歧视的语言，一种使用男性名词或代词来指代未指明的个人）可知D选项“男性名词或代词不应用于指科学家”符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章首段提出科学是我们文化的重大主题；第二段指出本书的读者对象；第三段指出科学界存在的语言性别歧视；最后一段指出本书有娱乐性和知识性。因此可以推测这篇文章是一本书的序言，选B。5. 单选题Chinas（ ）cultural heritage should be better protected through increased efforts to preserve endangered art.问题1选项A.indivisibleB.intelligibleC.intangibleD.inalienable【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项indivisible“分不开的，不可分割的”；B选项intelligible“易懂的，容易理解的”；C选项intangible“难以形容（或理解）的，无形的（指没有实体存在的资本性资产）”；D选项inalienable“不可剥夺（或分割）的”。由cultural heritage（文化遗产）及语境可知选C。句意：中国的非物质文化遗产应该通过加大努力保护濒危艺术而得到更好的保护。6. 单选题Behind his large smiles and large cigars, his eyes often seemed to（ ）regret.问题1选项A.teem withB.look withC.brim withD.come with【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项teem with“充满，大量涌现”，一般与数量有关，不与抽象名词连用；B选项look with“用方式看”；C选项brim with“充满，洋溢”，常与抽象名词连用；D选项come with“伴随发生，与一起来”。句中的regret为抽象名词，因此选C。句意：在他灿烂的笑容和嘴里的大雪茄背后，他的眼睛似乎常常充满着悲伤。7. 单选题If your car（ ）any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.问题1选项A.shall needB.should needC.would needD.will need【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。句子是指如果车要保养的话，含有对将来情况的假设，因此从句谓语动词用should+do表示与将来事实相反的假设。句意：如果您的车在前12个月需要任何保养，请将其交给授权经销商。8. 单选题He was a brilliant musician as a boy, but he never （ ）his early promise.问题1选项A.completedB.performedC.concludedD.fulfilled【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项complete“完成，结束，使完整”；B选项perform“表演，执行”；C选项conclude“推断出，得出结论，（使）结束”；D选项fulfill“履行（诺言等），执行”。根据promise（承诺）可知选D。句意：他小时候是一位才华横溢的音乐家，但他从来没有实现过早期的诺言。9. 单选题He is very tired. He needs（ ）.问题1选项A.a good night restB.good rest of a nightC.a good rest nightD.a good nights rest【答案】D【解析】考查名词所有格。表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词后加“s”来表示所有关系，此处表示他需要一个晚上的休息，night为名词，后面加“s”表示与rest的所有关系，因此选D。句意：他非常累，他需要一个晚上的休息。10. 单选题Barry had an advantage over his mother （ ）he could speak French.问题1选项A.since thatB.in thatC.at thatD.so that【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项since that“从那以后”；B选项in that“因为，在于”；C选项at that“而且，因此”；D选项so that“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因，因此选B。句意：Barry比他妈妈有优势，因为他会讲法语。11. 单选题Many of the local residents left homes to（ ）the danger of flooding.问题1选项A.encounterB.encloseC.shake offD.ward off【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B选项enclose“围住，随函(或包裹等)附上”；C选项shake off“甩掉，摆脱”；D选项ward off“避开，躲开，防止（危险、疾病等）”。由目的状语“to_the danger of flooding（为了_洪水的危险）”可知D选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：许多当地居民离开家，以避开洪水的危险。12. 单选题Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National（ ）area in national crime prevention strategies.问题1选项A.requirementB.dominanceC.prerequisiteD.priority【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项requirement“所需的东西，必要条件”；B选项dominance“支配，控制”；C选项prerequisite“先决条件，前提”；D选项priority“优先事项，首要事情，优先”。由Most states emphasized eradication of violence, particularly domestic violence, as a National _area in national crime prevention strategies.（大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的_领域）可知D选项符合语境。句意：大多数国家强调消除暴力，特别是家庭暴力，作为国家犯罪预防政策的优先领域。13. 单选题The brilliance of his satires was （ ）make even his victims laugh.问题1选项A.so as toB.such as toC.so thatD.such that【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。分析句子结构，可知was后面缺少表语，so是副词不可做表语，排除A、C选项。such as to表示“到如此程度以致，如此以致”，其中的such为代词，在句中作表语；such that表示“到这样的程度”，结合选项意思及句意选B。句意：他写的讽刺作品十分精彩，即便是被他讽刺的那些人也忍不住要笑。14. 单选题They fear it could have a(n) （ ）effect on global financial markets.问题1选项A.sizeableB.adverseC.beneficialD.consequential【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sizeable“相当大的”；B选项adverse“不利的，有害的，反面的”；C选项beneficial“有利的，有益的”；D选项consequential“随之而来的，相应发生的，重要的”。由句中的fear（害怕，担心）可推测effect（影响）是指不好的、不利的影响，因此选B。句意：他们害怕它会对全球金融市场有不利的影响。15. 单选题Teachers complain that English learners（ ）these tests without being able to speak English on a daily topic and write a decent essay.问题1选项A.look throughB.carry throughC.sail throughD.put through【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项look through“逐一查看，浏览”；B选项carry through“（常指艰难地）做，完成”；C选项sail through“顺利地通过，轻易地做成”；D选项put through“为接通电话，使遭受（不愉快的经历）”。由these tests（这些考试）及语境可知选C。句意：老师们抱怨说，英语学习者能顺利的通过这些考试，却不能用英语进行日常交流，写一篇像样的文章。16. 单选题The law exists in every civilized society so that Governments, the rich and the powerful can not（ ）their position.问题1选项A.abuseB.eradicateC.legalizeD.threaten【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项abuse“滥用，妄用（权力、所知所闻）”；B选项eradicate“根除，消灭”；C选项legalize“使合法化，使得到法律认可”；D选项threaten“威胁，恐吓”。空格处为谓语动词，其宾语为their position，因此A选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：法律存在于每一个文明社会，因此政府、富人和权贵不能滥用其职权。17. 单选题She didnt openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（ ）in her failure to say anything in support of it.问题1选项A.explicitB.implicitC.internalD.immortal【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项explicit“清楚的，明确的”；B选项implicit“含蓄的，不直接言明的”；C选项internal“内部的，里面的”；D选项immortal“长生的，永世的，不朽的”。由She didnt openly attack the plan（她没有公开抨击计划）和转折词but可知B选项符合语境。句意：她没有公开抨击这项计划，但她的反对暗示着她没有说任何支持这项计划的话。18. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied material for the philosophy of logical analysis. This has occurred especially through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics（量子力学）.What is important to the philosopher in the theory of relativity is the substitution of space-time for space and time. Common sense thinks of the physical world as composed of “things” which persist through a certain period of time and move in space. Philosophy and physics developed the notion of “thing” into that of “material substance,” and thought of material substance as consisting of particles, each very small, and each persisting throughout all time. Einstein substituted events（事素）for particles; each event had to each other a relation called “interval,” which could be analyzed in various ways into a time element and a space-element. The choice between these various ways was arbitrary（任意的）, and no one of them was theoretically preferable to any other.【答案】物理学和纯数学为逻辑分析哲学提供了材料。这一点尤其是通过相对论和量子力学体现出来。在相对论中，对哲学家来说，重要的是用时空代替时间和空间。常识认为物质世界是由“东西”组成的，这些“东西”在一定时间内持续存在，并在空间中运动。哲学和物理学把“东西”的概念发展成“物质实体”的概念，并把物质实体看作是由粒子组成的，每个粒子都很小，而且每个粒子始终存在。爱因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每个事素与其他事素之间都有一种叫作“间隔”的关系，可以用不同的方式把这种关系分析成一个时间元素和一个空间元素。在这些不同的方法之间的选择是任意的，理论上没有哪一种方法比任何其他方法更可取。19. 单选题The students will put off the match until next week, （ ）they wont be so busy.问题1选项A.sinceB.asC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。此句的先行词为next week，在从句中作时间状语，因此引导词用when。句意：学生们将把比赛推迟到下周，那时他们不会那么忙。20. 单选题When（ ）at the door, she was given a warm welcome.问题1选项A.appearB.appearedC.appearingD.appears【答案】C【解析】考查状语从句的省略。在when引导的时间状语从句中，当主句与从句的主语一致时，可以省略相同的主语和be动词。此题从句中的逻辑主语为she，she与appear之间是主动关系，因此用现在分词，选C。句意：当她在门口出现时，受到了热烈的欢迎。