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外研高中英语必修外研高中英语必修(bxi)三三moduleGrammar第一页，共29页。第1页/共29页第二页，共29页。第2页/共29页第三页，共29页。nowpastfuture过去过去(guq)完成完成现在现在(xinzi)完成完成过去完成式表示在过去某个时过去完成式表示在过去某个时刻之前刻之前(zhqin)已经完成的动已经完成的动作。作。第3页/共29页第四页，共29页。1. By the end of last month, the work had been finished.The past perfect passive = The past perfect + The passive voice构成构成(guchng)：had (not) + been + p.p.第4页/共29页第五页，共29页。2.The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in.3.The work was done earlier than it had been planned.4.As soon as their homework had been assigned, they started to do it. They left after the door had been locked.第5页/共29页第六页，共29页。1 After the hurricane, Mary _(see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear).2 She _(return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood.3 Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.sawhad disappearedreturnedfoundhad been ruinedarrivedhad taken2P24 第6页/共29页第七页，共29页。4 We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (finish). 5 He _ (try) to drive back to his home before the flood _(pass) through the village.lefthad finishedtriedpassed第7页/共29页第八页，共29页。destroy die fall flood kill1 After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _.2 When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town _.3 His village _in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house.had been killedhad been destroyedhad been destroyed3P24 第8页/共29页第九页，共29页。destroy die fall flood kill4 When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm.5 Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _. had diedhad been destroyed第9页/共29页第十页，共29页。1. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. (2007江苏江苏)A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached2. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it seriously. (2007上海春上海春)A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged 第10页/共29页第十一页，共29页。第11页/共29页第十二页，共29页。He said, “Im still working because there is a lot to do.”He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do.引述别人的话叫直接引述别人的话叫直接(zhji)引语；引语；“”用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。第12页/共29页第十三页，共29页。直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去完成时过去完成时1. 直接引语直接引语(yn y)变为间接引语变为间接引语(yn y)的的时态变化：时态变化：一般一般(ybn)过去时过去时过去过去(guq)完成时完成时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时第13页/共29页第十四页，共29页。2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点指示代词、时间状语、地点(ddin)状语的变化状语的变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词thisthese时时间间状状语语nowtodaythis week, monthlast week two days agonext week 地点地点状语状语herethatthosethenthat daythat week, monththe week beforetwo days beforethe next weekthere第14页/共29页第十五页，共29页。1. 引用的句子是陈述句时，间接引语可引用的句子是陈述句时，间接引语可 以用宾语以用宾语(bny)从句的形式。从句的形式。1. She said, “I like English very much.”She said she liked English very much.2. Betty said, “Ill be waiting for your call.”Betty said that she would be waiting for my call.第15页/共29页第十六页，共29页。1. The teacher asked me, “Do you like English?” The teacher asked me if I liked English.2. He asked, “Youve already finished your homework, havent you?”He asked if/whether we had already finished our homework.2. 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句，可以择疑问句，可以(ky)改成以改成以if / whether + 陈陈述句的形式。述句的形式。第16页/共29页第十七页，共29页。3. He asked me, “Do you want to stay at a hotel or at my home?”He asked me whether I wanted to stay at a hotel or his home.4. She asked us, “Youre from the same city, arent you?”She asked whether we came from the same city.第17页/共29页第十八页，共29页。3. 引语为特殊引语为特殊(tsh)疑问句时，可以疑问句时，可以保留疑问词，后跟陈述句。保留疑问词，后跟陈述句。1. He asked me, “Where are you going?”He asked me where I was going.2. She asked him, “Whom do you want to see?”She asked him whom he wanted to see.第18页/共29页第十九页，共29页。4. 引用祈使句时，间接引语用不定式，引用祈使句时，间接引语用不定式，主句动词主句动词(dngc)根据句子意义，可用根据句子意义，可用ask, want, tell, order, promise, advise等等词代替。词代替。1. The teacher said to the student, “Dont be late again.”The teacher told the student not to be late again.2. “Wake him up,” she said to me. She told me to wake him up.第19页/共29页第二十页，共29页。5. 过去时如有表示具体年份的状语，不必过去时如有表示具体年份的状语，不必(bb)改变时态。改变时态。 “I was born in 1980,” Julia said.Julia said that she was born in 1980.6. 引语中含有引语中含有must, should, would等情态动等情态动词词(dngc)时，不必改变时态。时，不必改变时态。 “You should be back by six,” she said.She said I should be back by six.第20页/共29页第二十一页，共29页。7. 当引用的事情为永恒的真理、依然当引用的事情为永恒的真理、依然(yrn)存在的事情时，可以不必改变时存在的事情时，可以不必改变时态。态。1. He said that the earth rotates around the sun.2. He said that the train leaves at 6:30.第21页/共29页第二十二页，共29页。1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film第22页/共29页第二十三页，共29页。3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher第23页/共29页第二十四页，共29页。5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _ very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was第24页/共29页第二十五页，共29页。6. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _. A. if I have already got well, hadnt you B. whether I had already got well C. have I already got well D. had I already got well.第25页/共29页第二十六页，共29页。7. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _. A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League member C. whether I was a Party member or a League member D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.第26页/共29页第二十七页，共29页。8. He asked, “How are you getting along?”He asked _. A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting along C. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along9. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what wasthe matter C. whats the matter D. what the matter was第27页/共29页第二十八页，共29页。10. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again. A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do第28页/共29页第二十九页，共29页。
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