2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷74（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “My Understanding of Globalization”.【答案】My Understanding of Globalization2. 单选题The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national（ ）. 问题1选项A.personalityB.temperamentC.interestD.destiny【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。句意：中日两国文化有许多共同的特点，但两国都根据各自的国情发挥了这些特点。National temperament指“国情”，为常用搭配。选项B正确。3. 单选题People innately（ ） for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.问题1选项A.striveB.ascertainC.justifyD.adhere【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。strive for意为“争取, 奋斗”；选项B为及物动词；选项C和D通常与介词to搭配。所以选项A正确。4. 单选题The terrorists kidnapped the director of the company and demanded a large sums of money for his （ ）.问题1选项A.libertyB.reliefC.relaxationD.release【答案】D【解析】上下文语义。句意：恐怖分子绑架了这家公司的经理，要求得到一大笔钱才会释放他。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题The team leader of mountain climbers marked out（ ） .问题1选项A.that seemed to be the best routeB.what seemed to be the best routeC.which seemed to be tile best routeD.something that to be the best route【答案】B【解析】本句缺少的成分是宾语从句，只有选项B能作为宾语从句。that一般引导同位语从句；选项C缺少先行词；选项D用法不正确，所以本题选B。6. 单选题The transition from wifes to mothers role require the wife to（ ） to the completely new situation in daily life.问题1选项A.adaptB.adjustC.adoptD.accept【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指适应新环境。adapt to为固定搭配，意为“适应”，所以选项A正确。7. 单选题Our journey was slow because the train stopped （ ）at different villages.问题1选项A.graduallyB.continuouslyC.constantlyD.continually【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。gradually逐渐地；continuously连续不断地；constantly不断地，时常地；continually不断地，频繁地。句意：我们的旅行很慢，因为火车频繁地在不同的村庄停靠。选项D更符合语境。8. 翻译题美国财政部长亨利保尔森昨天以上海为终点结束了他对亚洲三国的访问。作为美国总统的首席经济政策顾问和最主要的经济事务发言人，保尔森昨天上午在上海期货交易所所发表的主题讲演被认为是布什政府对华经济政策的最新阐述。在昨天的讲演中，保尔森多次强调中国的经济增长不仅不具有威胁性，而且对全球经济的增长有好处。他表示，美国欢迎中国发展并成为全球经济中的一员。【答案】Henry Paulson, Treasury Secretary, left Shanghai yesterday, where he made an end of the visit to the three countries in Asia. As the chief economic policy consultant and economic affairs spokesman of the America president, Paulson delivered a keynote address in Shanghai Futures Exchange. And the address was viewed as the latest exposition of the economic policies of the Bush-administration towards China. During the speech, Paulson repeatedly emphasized that Chinas economic growth has benefit but no threat to the global economic growth. He declared that America welcomes the development of China to become a member of the global economy.【解析】9. 单选题In many countries tobacco and medicine are government （ ）.问题1选项A.controlB.monopolyC.businessD.belongings【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指政府垄断，选项B符合语境。10. 单选题“Two hundred eight million, two hundred nine million, two hundred ten million.” That is the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over United States in 1996. Solid wastes are materials that are discarded or thrown away after use by consumers and businesses. This does not include fluid materials. During that year, Americans threw away 210 million tons (about 43 pounds/20 kilograms per person daily) of garbage. We throw away 12. 4 million tons of glass and about 80 million tons of paper products. America also throws away large amounts (in tons) of food scraps, yard wastes, plastics, sludge from sewage treatment plants, and other materials. That is almost a mountain of garbage.Even though we make an effort to recycle and compost our solid waste, the amount of waste keeps increasing each year. Our biggest problem is where to put the solid waste and how to keep it from polluting our environment. If solid waste is disposed of incorrectly, it can contaminate our surface and underground water supplies. Currently, our municipal waste or waste collected by our cities and towns, goes to landfills. Today, about 85% our garbage goes to landfills or garbage dumps. This waste must be treated to keep rats, flies and other animals from building their home in the landfills. The treat also prevents the growth of bacteria and other organism that carry diseases. So, how do we handle this mountain of garbage? Scientists have come up with different methods for handling our waste problem.One type of waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno California, in 1937. In sanitary landfill, the solid waste is spread in thin layers that compacted and covered with a layer of earth. This is a more expensive method, but it takes away the hazards that are caused by landfills. It also allowed the land to be used for building or recreation. The negative of the landfills is that its tough to find open land and this process is very expensive. The land also needs its water sources protected so that the water will not pollute the water supply. Landfill (water dumps) and sanitary landfills rely on the natural biodegradability of the solid wastes. Solid waste are biodegradable if they can decay or break down through the action of living organisms and return to the earth. However certain materials take longer to decay than others, and some materials do not decay or decompose at all. Scientists need to find other methods of waste disposal. Incineration and recycling are methods that are currently in use today.1.This passage is about disposal problem of solid waste（ ）.2.From the article we can infer that（ ）.3.According to the article, about（ ）is dumped to landfills.4.The word “recycle”( Line 1, Paragraph 2) means（ ）.5.According to the article, which one of the following is NOT true?问题1选项A.by consumersB.in CaliforniaC.by municipal governmentD.in America问题2选项A.treatment of the solid is a hard nut to crackB.solution for proper disposal will be found soonC.California set a good example in solid waste in 1930sD.the government remains confident about the solid waste问题3选项A.12. 4 million tons of garbageB.80 million tons of garbageC.85% of the garbageD.92. 4 tons of garbage问题4选项A.to send something far awayB.to throw something away to the right placeC.to convert waste into reusable materialD.to turn into fertilizers问题5选项A.Solid waste does not include fluid materials.B.Sanitary landfill is a type of waste disposal method once used in California.C.Burning is not a method that is used today.D.Composting is still one of the ways to handle the mountain of garbage【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段第二句“That is the sound of solid waste hitting the bottom of garbage cans all over United States.”可知，本文主要讲的是全美国的固体垃圾处理问题，所以选项D正确。2.信息归纳题。根据原文可知，尽管我们一直在为处理固体垃圾不断努力，但每年废弃物的数量都在不断增加，由此可知，这是一个棘手的难题，选项A正确；焚烧和回收是目前正在使用的方法，科学家需要找到其他废物处理方法，由此可知这是一个漫长的过程，所以选项B不正确；根据最后一段，加州虽然首次使用了卫生填埋的方法，但存在很多弊端，所以选项C不正确；选项D在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。根据第二段“Today, about 85% our garbage goes to landfills or garbage dumps.”大约85%的垃圾进入了垃圾填埋场或垃圾场。选项C符合原文。4.词义推断题。“recycle”指循环利用。选项C将废物转化为可重复使用的材料，正确。5.是非判断题。根据第一段“This does not include fluid materials.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段第一句“One type of waste disposal called sanitary landfill was first used in Fresno California.”可知选项B正确;根据最后一段最后一句“Incineration and recycling are methods that are currently in use today.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段第一句“Even though we make an effort to recycle and compost our solid waste”可知选项D正确。所以本题选C。11. 单选题Peters mother kept telling him that（ ） in the street is dangerous, but he would not listen.问题1选项A.playedB.will playC.playingD.been playing【答案】C【解析】that引导的句子在句中作补语，在that从句中缺少主语，因此应该用动词的现在分词形式作主语。所以，选项C正确。12. 单选题Children are often（ ） sports at an early age. As they get older and start school they participate in sports as a way both to make new friends and be active.问题1选项A.exposed toB.spoiled byC.indulged inD.worried about【答案】A【解析】动词词组辨析。exposed to接触，暴露于;spoiled by被宠坏;indulged in沉溺于;worried about为.担心。句意：孩子们经常在很小的时候就接触到运动。随着他们长大开始上学，参加体育运动以此来结交新朋友变得活跃。只有A选项符合语境。13. 单选题According to the latest report, consumer confidence（ ） a breathtaking 15 points last month, to its lowest level in ten years.问题1选项A.soaredB.mutatedC.plummetedD.fluctuated【答案】C【解析】soared飙升；mutated突变，变异；plummeted骤然下跌；fluctuated波动。根据下句“lowest level in ten years”可推测，这里指下跌，所以选项C符合语境。14. 单选题The novel contains some marvelously revealing （ ） of rural life in the 19th century.问题1选项A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleams【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。glance扫视，强调动作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，强调快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒视，强调目不转睛地“注视”；gleam闪光，瞬息的一现，还可指情感流露。根据句意可知，选项B更符合语境。15. 写作题Write an essay in no less than 200 words with the title “The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection”.【答案】The Rise of Intellectual Property Protection16. 单选题The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for nocturnal raids in the forest.问题1选项A.illegalB.night-timeC.brutalD.abusive【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。根据dark clothing和blacked up faces以及nickname可推断，nocturnal指夜间的，选项B与之意思相近，正确。17. 单选题Everyone in America these days seems to be（ ）with his or her physical fitness, and everyone is talking about getting in shape.问题1选项A.concernedB.alluredC.connectedD.attracted【答案】A【解析】固定搭配。be concerned with指涉及，关心。根据句意可知这里指如今的美国人关心自己的健康，选项A符合句意。18. 单选题A completely new situation is bound to （ ）when the examination system is introduced.问题1选项A.riseB.ariseC.raiseD.arouse【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。句意：当考试制度被引入时，必然会出现一个全新的局面。arise没有“上升”之意，多指“产生、发生和出现”，常用于抽象事物。所以选项B正确。19. 单选题The increase in student numbers （ ） many problems for the universities.问题1选项A.forcesB.pressesC.providesD.poses【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。force强迫，迫使；press逼迫；provide提供；pose造成，形成。句意：学生人数的增加给大学造成了许多问题。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题Our car trunk（ ） with suitcases and we could hardly make room for anything.问题1选项A.went crammingB.was crammedC.is crammingD.was been crammed【答案】B【解析】be crammed with为固定搭配，意为“被填满”。选项B表述正确。