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细节题知识精讲阅读理解是中考的必考题型，因为它能全面快速地反映出学生的英语水平。阅读理解题型有很多种，但从命题角度来看，通常可以分为四种即：细节题、推断题、猜词题和主旨题。一、细节题简介考察学生对于阅读材料具体事实或细节的理解能力。二、细节题提问方式1. 以 who, what, which, when, where, how, why等特殊疑问词开头；2. 以according to开头的提问方式；3. 以true, not true, except等为标记词的提问方式；4. 以填空形式出现的提问方式。三、细节题分类1. 直接信息题：直接从文中找到正确答案；2. 间接信息题：对文章信息进行简单推理加工，判断，排除和比较等；3. 综合分析题：综合判定分散的信息。四、解题技巧1. 寻找题干关键词关键词法：名词，形容词，副词，数词，大写字母。2. 定位原文线索句回归原文，确定相关细节，事实等相关信息。3. 甄别最佳选项分析对比细节，排除干扰选项，最后确定答案。五、常见考点位置剖析主题句：段首-演绎性文中-句意隐含段尾-结论1. 首末段，首末句：寻找主题句(topic sentence)2. 转折处，转折词前后：作者的真实观点或事实。表转折的标记词：but, however, yet, though, although, instead, etc.3. 对比处，对比法：说明新老观点，正误观念和新旧事物等。表对比的标记词：while, compare with, compare to, by contrast, on the contrary, etc.4. 举例处：说明事实或观点。表列举的标记词：for example, for instance, such as, etc.5. 因果处：通过原因推结果，给出结果找原因。表结果标记词：so, thus, therefore, as a result, etc.表原因标记词：because (of), since, for, as, the reason, etc.六、干扰项的特点与概括1. 正误并存：信息部分正确，部分错误；2. 扩大(缩小)范围：是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节；3. 偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容；4. 以偏概全：与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动；5. 无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符；6. 答非所问：是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容。三点剖析一、考点：由北京的中考真题来分析得出，四篇阅读当中，细节题的考查仍然占有很大比例。强调广大考生对于文章内容有一个比较精细的把握，并对原文的意思进行理解，再与选项进行比对，才能选出正确答案。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。二、重难点：1. 若针对特殊标点符号，举例子，名人名言出题，只需要阅读符号，例子，名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。2. 在出现一些关键词，如however, but, therefore, thus时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。3. 细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项。4. 选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案。如：must, never, the most, all, only, have to, no, completely, none等。但不是绝对，也有例外。5. 注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如：must, may, often, should, usually, most, more or less, likely, all, never, few等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。三、易错点：有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”（要留意选项中诸如all,absolutely, only, never, completely, definitely等词），把抽象说成具体，或者把人名，地名，时间等张冠李戴，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。题模精选题模一：直接信息题例1.1.1After that Billys mother began talking to him, describing_things_she_saw. She told him what she was cooking, or what she saw outside the window. She_described_everything_to_him.1. How did Billys mother help him?ABy teaching him how to draw.BBy asking teachers for advice.CBy describing everything to him.DBy sending him to his dream school.例1.1.2Billy loves computer science. He began_teaching_himself_computer_programming_when_he_was_just_seven_years_old. 2. When did Billy begin teaching himself computer programming?AWhen he was 7 years old.BWhen he was in Grade 5.CWhen he was in high schoolDWhen he was at university.例1.1.31. If you are interested in group classes in art, you can call_.A650-968-5957B650-903-0986C650-403-3575D650-720-1677题模二：间接信息题例1.2.1They need to know their parents are there to give them needed love and support (支持). Teens want to be sure that nothing can prevent parents from shouldering their responsibility for them not their growing maturity (成熟), misbehavior, nor anger at something they have done. Teens_want_parents_to_keep_control_while_allowing_them_to_make_some_decisions.1. According_to Paragraph 1, teens _.Acan control themselvesBexpect direction and freedomCdont know how to make decisionsDdont have responsibility for the family题模三：综合分析题例1.3.1David_Crystal argues that Netspeak and Internet create a new language use and the almost lost art of diary writing has been picked up again.Geoffrey_Nunberg“People get better at writing by writing,” he says. “Kids who are now doing text messaging, e-mail, and instant messages will write at least as well as, and possibly better than, their parents.Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become “corrupted”; they simply change to meet the new needs.Cynthia_McVey says, “I can understand Netspeak worries teachers and its important that they get across to their pupils that text messaging is for fun, but that learning to write proper English is a must for their future.”1. Which_of_the_following_is_true according to the passage?ACynthia McVey points out teenagers can deal with Netspeak properly.BGeoffrey Nunberg believes Netspeakers can write Standard English.CDavid Crystal thinks Netspeak helps develop the habit of writing.DJames Milroy says that language is changing and improving.例1.3.2Is the belief true? The_scientists_in_Asia_largely_dismiss the belief as a modern-day superstition(迷信).The blood-type personality theory(理论) started in_Japan_in_1927 when Furukawa Takehi noticed personality_similarities_and_differences_among_his_workers.1. Which_of_the_following_is_true according to the passage?AMost scientists in Asia dont believe in the theory.BThe blood-type theory began in Japan in the 1970s.CThe blood-type personality theory is about blood type.DPeople dont change their personality to match the theory.随堂练习随练1.1Free Apps(应用软件）for Learning EnglishSpeaking PalSpeaking English is important. Speaking Pal is one of the best Apps for English learners to practice speaking. It allows users to chat (聊天)with thousands of native (本国的）English speakers. In short, Learn English, Speak English.Spell CheckerSpeaking English is easy, but writing it is often much more difficult. If you start to learn it, I bet that you would get a lot of words misspelled. If you dont want this to happen, we suggest that you should try it and correct your English spelling easilyLearn English VideoIn Learn English Video, youll find 2 thousand best videos offered on topics such as UK food and culture, everyday life and famous stories and poems. It can improve your English listening skills quickly.Kobo readingThe free top-popular Kobo Reading App gives you right to Kobos eBook store with 4 million eBooks and magazines. Join millions of readers worldwide and read conveniently on your mobile phone or computer.1. In Speaking Pal, you can chat with _.Anative English speakersBpersonal computersChappy readersDnew smart phones2. If writing is difficult for you, youd better use _.ASpeakingPalBSpell CheckerCLearn English VideoDKobo Reading3. Learn English Video can improve your _.Aspeaking skillsBwriting skillsClistening skillsDreading skills4. How many eBooks and magazines can you read in Kobos eBook store?A2 thousand.B4 thousandC2 million.D4 million.随练1.2Drinking tea is an important part in Chinese culture.it is seen the international drink in china. The most common types of Chinese tea are as follows.Green tea is the oldest and most popular. It has a pale color and a sharp flavor (口味). It is produced mainly in Anhui and Zhejiang. The most popular is Longjing tea near west lake, Hangzhou.Red tea (black tea) is the second most popular type of Chinese tea. It can help treat stomachaches. Dianbong and Yixing are popular sorts of red tea.Wulong tea, also known as blue tea, has the advantage of green and red teas. It has a gentle flavor and can help people lose weight. Tie Kuanyin Tea in Anhui and Dongding Wulong Tea in Taiwan are two well-known types of it.Scented Tea (花茶) is created by mixing tea leaves with flowers. It is known by its strong fragrance(芳香), and it can help people feel comfortable after drinking. Jasmine(茉莉) tea is the most popular of this kind.Types of Tea DrinkingDo you know how to drink tea in a right way? Here are some tips.Drink it hot.Dont drink too much strong tea.The best time to drink tea is between meals.Drink tea a couple of hours after taking medicine.Green tea is the best choice for office workers.1. _ is the oldest and most popular tea in China.AWulong teaBScented teaCRed teaDGreen tea2. Red Tea can _.Ahelp people lose weightBhelp people feel luckyChelp treat stomachachesDhelp people sleep well3. Dongding Wulong Tea is produced in _.ATaiwanBYixingCAnhuiDHangzhou4. The right way to drink tea is _.Ato drink it cold.Bto drink between mealsCto drink much strong teaDto drink with medicine随练1.3Spam (垃圾邮件) mail is a fact of Internet life. Some of it carries bad things, but the main problem with spam is that it is unpleasant because it fills your mail box with pointless messages.Most email programs have built-in filters (过滤器) that will discover unwanted messages and put them into a junk folder (垃圾文件夹). You can make the filter learn what you consider to be spam or block certain senders.Avoid letting your email address appear on websitesspammers search the Internet for email addresses. Be careful who you give your email address to, and if you need to send out several copies of an email, use blind copy instead to cover the other peoples addresses.Delete (删除) spam emails without opening them. Signs of possible spam are bad spelling in email headers, strange sender addresses, or emails sent at unusual hours. If you do open a spam mail, never reply to it or click on any pictures it may have.If you receive an unexpected email pretending (伪装) to come from your bank, credit card company or other suppliers, be very careful. If the email asks you to reply, dont do it! Instead, call up these places or visit their websites.Consider setting up a second email address and keep one address for your personal use and another for your online communication.1. What is the main problem with spam?AIts everywhere.BIt carries bad things.CIts unpleasant.DIt fills ones mail box.2. How many suggestions are there in the passage?AThree.BFour.CFive.DSix.3. What should you do if you receive a spam email?AReply to it quickly.BDelete it at once.CClick its pictures.DVisit its website.随练1.4Growing PlanDrew, Emilio, and Michi sat at a picnic table in the City Park in Oklahoma. They didnt care about the sounds around them. They just focused on the task they had planned to complete.They wanted to start a school garden at Jefferson Middle School. At first, it was Drews idea. He first saw a school garden when he visited his cousin P.J. in Washington. He was surprised at the variety of fruits and vegetables the students at P.J.s school grew.When Drew returned from his trip, he told his friends all about what he had seen. Now the three of them decided to make a plan to make Ms. Milano, the school headmaster (校长), believe that the garden was a good idea.“We are going to need a teacher to guide us through the project,” said Drew. “I know that Mr. Hasselbach gardens at home. Just last week he brought in a whole basket of tomatoes from his garden. He might be happy to help.” Drew wrote down Mr. Hasselbachs name in his notebook.“We might need some money to get the project up and running,” added Michi. “We could tell Ms. Milano that we will organize a book sale to raise money.”“Thats a great idea,” said Emilio. “My aunt is a co-owner of a nursery(苗圃). She can help us design the garden, select plants, and create a budget(预算).”Drew nodded and made some more notes. “If we have a garden, think of all the lessons weve learnt. Well have to measure and weigh things. We can practice what we learn in the science lessons. There is no way that Ms. Milano could refuse us!”Michi and Emilio smiled. “If everything goes as planned, well be digging in the dirt very soon!”1. Where would the garden be built?AIn a park in Washington.BAt Jefferson Middle School.CIn a park in Oklahoma.DAt P.J.s school.2. How would the three students get money for the project?ABy organizing a book sale.BBy working in a science lab.CBy selling tomatoes to teachers.DBy asking their relatives for help.3. Who would help design the garden?AMs. Milano.BMr. Hasselbach.CEmilios aunt.DDrews cousin.随练1.5选择性阅读C篇Where did that number come from?Eleven and TwelveThe reason behind the change in number naming is that eleven comes from the German term ainlif, which translates to “one left”. Twelve follows the same rule. It comes from twalif“two left”. Why teen is used instead of lif for 13 through 19? There is something sadly lost in history.911 for US Emergency (急救) CallsEarly phones didnt use phone numbersthe operator had to connect your call by handand this led to the need for an emergency code (信号). But later phone numbers became popular, that changed. In 1967, 911 was chosen as the nationwide emergency call because it was easy to remember and could be quickly dialed (拨) on the phone.26.2 Miles in a Marathon (马拉松)The story began with an ancient Greek soldier carrying message from a battlefield (战场) in Marathon to Athens. The modern marathon was born as a flagship event in the first Olympic Games, in 1896, with a distance (距离) of about 25 miles (40 km), as long as the distance from Marathon to Athens. But race organizers for the 1908 Olympic Games in London wanted to add something special. The race began at Windsor Castle and ended at White City Stadium, with runners finishing only after passing the royal (皇室的) box. The distance was 26.2 miles (42.1 km). And since 1924 this distance has been kept in marathon.28 Days in FebruaryBefore using the Gregorian calendar that we use today, one of the first Roman calendars had only 304 days and ten months (March through December), with six months of 30 days and four of 31 days. The second king of Rome improved the old calendar. He added 50 days for January and February. To make the new months longer, he took one day from each of the 30-day months, making 56 days to divide between January and February (or 28 days each). Later January was given one more day to add up to 355 days a year, but February still had 28 days. Thats how it became the shortest month and it stayed that way ever since.(1)48. Which language do eleven and twelve come from?A. English.B. German.C. French.D. Russian.(2)49. When was the number 911 chosen for US emergency calls?A. In 1896.B. In 1908.C. In 1924.D. In 1967.(3)50. The marathon distance was made longer at London Olympic Games because _.A. the British was a little weak in mathB. the British didnt like the Greek storyC. the British loved the royal family very muchD. the British wanted to make the race different(4)51. How many days were there in each month after the king improved the old calendar?A. 28, 29 or 31.B. 28, 30 or 31.C. 28, 29 or 30.D. 29, 30 or 31自我总结课后作业作业11. Which child can get help from Locks of Love?AA14-year-old child in England.BA16-year-old child in Canada.CA9-year-old child in the U.S.DA6-year-old child in France.2. Locks of Love can help the children _.Abecome confidentBgo back to schoolCbecome cleverDgrow new hair3. How can we help the children?AWrite letters to them.BCut our hair for them.CDo activities with them.DHelp them with their study.作业2Sitting still and keeping quiet seems like what students should do in class. However, putting your feet on the table, using iPads, eating and drinking may also take place in school. Americans are famous for their casual (随意的)style. I didnt think it was a big deal until I arrived here.I was told sitting still is what you should do in middle school. That is a traditional Chinese way to show that we are paying attention to what the teacher is saying. Meanwhile, it doesnt seem to matter in the US. When I first saw a student lying on a sofa, I was shocked and thought the teacher may feel angry, but she didnt. She just smiled and kept talking. Then I got used to it, and enjoyed the relaxing and comfortable position (姿势) in class. Yet its really easy to fall asleep if I feel too comfortable.Also, we dont have uniforms at school. We can wear whatever we want. And teenagers here feel free to eat breakfast, snacks, and drink soda while teachers are talking. Teachers wont feel upset and may even eat with them. Once, my English teacher was secretly eating a bag of chips in her seat.American teachers chat with students in class. It makes us feel closer to them. Although it does mean we go off topic easily. In comparision, Chinese teachers are strict, but it helps us to focus on our task.1. Where is the writer from?AAmerica.BChinaCEngland.DI dont know.2. According to the passage, students should _ in class in China.Aput the feet on the tableBuse iPadsCeat and drink somethingDsit still and listen carefully3. In America, when a student was seen lying on a sofa in class, the teacher will be _.AshockedBangryCstrictDunsurprised4. Which of the following is NOT true?AWhen American teachers talk with the students, the students will feel upset.BI may feel asleep in class because of the relaxing position.CWe dont have uniforms at school in America.DWe can eat breakfast in class in America.作业3Alexis Martin is a three-year-old girl from Arizona. She hasnt started kindergarten（幼儿园）yet, but she has an IQ above 160, which is well above the average（一般的）peoples IQ. So, there is no wonder that she has become the youngest member of Mensa, the largest and oldest high IQ society in the world. Mensa is an international club whose members have an IQ score in the top 2% of the world. Currently, Mensa has 3,300 members under the age of 18 in the U.S. Alexis is one of them.The average people generally have an IQ score of 100 points, but Martin scored 160 points, the highest score on the test. The doctors who tested Alexis said she scored so high that they couldnt even work out her IQ exactly. They think she is even smarter than 99.9% of the world population. Actually, she matched the IQs of talents like Albert Einstein, Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates.Ian Martin, Alexis father, said his daughter showed signs of some unique abilities at the age of one and she began reading books for pupils when she was just two years old. Now at the age of three, Alexis is reading on a fifth grade level.“From 12 months old, wed be driving around in the car and she would repeat her bedtime stories from the night before,” he said. “She didnt just repeat them. She could remember every word of them exactly.”Ian Martin thinks his daughter also stands out when it comes to learning new languages. “Anytime she learns a word and just picks it up through anything, she never ever uses it in the incorrect situation, ever,” Ian said.While Alexiss parents are proud that their three-year-old daughter has become a member in Mensa, they are also aware of the price that comes with every gift. The doctors say Alexis should never attend a normal school and children with her level of intelligence（智力）often experience high anxiety（焦虑）unless theyre around similarly gifted boys and girls. Her parents decide to follow the advice and try to look for proper ways to help her get involved into society.1. Mensa only accepts _.Ateenagers under 18 in the U.SBpeople with IQs above 160 in the U.SCtalents in the world like Albert EinsteinDpeople with IQs in the top 2% of the world2. From the passage, we know that Alexis IQ is _.Agetting higher through trainingBbeyond the limit of the IQ testCabove the IQ of Stephen HawkingDgrowing too fast to get an exact score3. One of Alexis special abilities is that _.Ashe could read stories at the age of oneBshe could write books for pupils at the age of twoCshe can remember every word of what her parents saidDshe can learn new words quickly and use them properly作业4Bob and Jackie joined a company together just after finishing high school. They both worked very hard. After several years, the boss made Jackie sales manager but Bob a salesman. One day Bob could not take it anymore. He handed in his resignation letter (辞职信) to the boss and complained that the boss did not value hard-working workers.The boss knew that Bob didnt work hard f
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