初中英语语法总复习13055

初中英语语法综合讲解考点1一般现在时的用法考查概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为与现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。一般现在时主要有如下几点用法：1、经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：It seldom snows in Suqian now. 2、现在的特征或状态。例如：He loves sports. 3、普遍真理，一般规律。例如：Light travels faster than sound./ Fish soon goes bad in hot weather. 4、可以用来表示一个按规定，计划，安排或时刻表要发生的情况，一般都有一个表示未来时间的状语。通常用来表示学期什么时候要开学、结束；飞机、火车、汽车、船只等交通工具什么时候要到达，什么时候要离开等时刻表上已有安排的活动。动词一般限于少数几个，如：begin, start, stop, arrive, come, go, leave, return, open, close, be等。例如：My plane leaves at 11 a.m. tomorrow./ School begins the day after tomorrow. 5、在if, when, as soon as, until, after, before等连接词引导的时间或条件状语从句中，从句中谓语动词要用一般现在时，主句要用将来时。例如：Turn off the light before you leave./ We will start as soon as you are ready.关于一般现在时应注意以下几点：a. 在间接引语中，如果转述的是客观真理，一般规律，谚语俗语，一般现在时时态保持不变。例如：He said the earth is round. b. if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的情况；但if作为是否意思时，其引导的宾语从句如果表示将来的情况则用一般将来时。When作为当、时候，引导状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来的情况，如：When he comes, I will let you know；如果引导的是宾语从句，表示什么时候，则将来的情况仍然用一般将来时，如：I dont know when he will visit me.c. 一些时间副词如seldom, usually, sometimes, often, never, every day等既可以用于过去时，也可以用于一般现在时。要注意区分。例如：He often goes swimming. / He often went swimming in 1999.中考1. -Mum, _ shall we have lunch?-We will have it when your dad_.（2007年）A. when; returns B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return简析：A。when在后半句中表示当、时候，状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来情况，根据后半句应该是问时间的，第一空用时间疑问词when.2. -Tomorrow will be Fathers Day. What will you do for your father? - I will say I love you, Daddy as soon as he _ up. （2007年）A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke简析：C。as soon as一、就、，引导时间状语从句。从句中一般现在时表示将来的情况。3. Our teacher said light_ faster than sound. （2007年宿迁）A. travelled B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels简析：D。光比声音传播速度快是科学真理，在间接引语中一般现在时保持不变。4. -Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend.-But nobody knows if it_.（2006年）A. is fine, will rainB. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rainsD. will be fine, will rain简析：A。前半句中if引导的是条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时表示将来；后半句if的意思是是否，引导宾语从句，周末下不下雨是未来的事情，用一般将来时。5. -Is your father a doctor?-Yes, he is. He_ in TownHospital. (2006年)A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked简析：C。一般现在时在此句中表示现在的一种状态。即爸爸现在在这所医院工作。考点2现在进行时的用法考查概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作与行为。 时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 基本结构：am/is/are+doing 否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 现在进行时主要有以下用法：1、表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。常见的时间状语：right now, at present, at the moment, now.常见的标志性动词如：look, listen等。例如：Someone is asking for you on the phone. 2、表示一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。多有一个表示未来时间的状语。这种情况仅限于少量动词，如：go, come, leave, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如：-Tom, supper is ready. Come quickly. -OK. Im coming.注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。中考1. -Wheres your mother, Helen?-She_ the flowers in the garden. （2007年）A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered简析：C。谈话中问妈妈现在在哪儿，可知妈妈正在花园里给花浇水。2. -Hurry up! Its time to leave. -OK, _.（2006年）A. Im coming B. Ill come C. Ive come D. I come简析：A。Im coming意思是我就来。现在进行时表示最近按安排要进行的动作。3. -Shall we invite Tom to play football now? -Oh, no. He his clothes.（2006年）A. is washing B. washes C. has washed D. washed简析：A。上半句对方表示要现在邀请Tom踢足球，但另外一个人说不行，显然，他正在洗衣服现在脱不开身。一般现在时和现在进行时强化训练题1.Jenny! Do you know that one-third of the boys in our class_ the singer Zhang Shaohan? A. like B. likes C. liking2. The sense of happiness will increase if you _ what you like to do. A. do B. did C. will do 3. Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijing.A. arrives B. arriveC. arrived D. will arrive4. If you _ your homework, you can go out to play football. A. finish B. will finish C. are finishing5.Now my father _ his bike to work every day instead of driving. A. ridesB. rode C.ride D. will ride6. Wheres Tom? His mother_ him now. A. is looking for B. will look forC. has looked for D. Looks for7. What is Tom doing now?He _ basketball over there.A. is playingB. will playC. has playedD. was playing8. Whats the weather like?Oh, it _ outside. Take an umbrella with you. A. is raining B. rains C. was raining D. rained9. You cant use the bathroom right now. Robbie _ a shower. A. is taking B. will take C. takes 10. Look! The boys _ football on the playground. A. are playing B. playC. plays D. played11. This girl is ready tohelp people any time. When she is on the bus, she alwaysher seat to someonein need.A. give B. gives C. gave D. giving 12. When will he leave for Shanghai?As soon as he _ his work.A. finished B. finishesC. is finishing D.will finish13.Although Bill isnt rich enough, he often _ money to the poor.A. will giveB. givesC.was givingD. gave14. -Can your father drive? -Yes, and he to work every day. A. is driving B. drives C. drove D. has driven15. John likes playing soccer very much and he _ about one hour playing it every day.A. spent B. spends C. has spent D. will spend16、The sun _ in the east and goes down in the west.A. is always rising B. always rises C. rises always D. always is rising17.The teacher told us that the sun_bigger than the earth.A. was B. is C. has been D.will be18. Dont make so much noise. The children_an English lesson.A. have B. are having C. were having19. Today is Womens Day. My father and I _a special gift for my mother now.A. make B. are making C. made20.Whats that noise?Oh, I forgot to tell you. The neighbors _ for a party. A. prepare B. are preparing C. will prepare D. have prepared21.-Where is Michael? -He _TV at home , I think. A. watches B. watched C. is watching D. was watching 22. Listen! The phone .Please go to answer it.A. ringsB. rangC. is ringing D. will ring23. Please turn off the radio, grandma _now.OK, Ill do it right now.A. sleptB. will sleep C. is sleeping D. sleeps24. What are you doing? Im _ TV. A. watched B. watches C. watching 25.The workers_a new bridge now. The traffic in Guangzhou will be better soon.A. build B. were building C. are building D. built 26. The population of the world still now.A. will; grow B. has; grown C. is; growing D. is; grown27. Ive not finished my project yet. Hurry up! Our friends_ for us.A. wait B. will wait C. are waiting D. have waited28. It _ hard outside. You have to stay at home.A. rain B. rained C. is raining 29. Look! Jack and his monkey _ flying disk together in the garden. A. is playing B. was playing C. are playing D. were playing 30.Alan, its late. Why not go to bed?Jenny hasnt come back yet. I_for her. A. waitedB. have waitedC. am waiting D. was waiting 31. May I speak to Mr Morgan? Sorry. He_on the farm. A. works. B. workedC. has worked D. is working32.Please turn off the TV. The baby _. OK. Ill go out for a walk.A. sleeps B. slept C. was sleeping D. is sleeping33.-Where is Grace?-She _in the yard.A. reads B. read C. was reading D. is reading 34. Dont make so much noise. The children an English lesson. A. have B. were having C. are having 35. Listen! Someone _ for help!A. called B. has called C. is calling 36. The girl with her grandparents for the moment because her parents are bothvery busythis month.A. lived B. was living C. live D. is living 37. A: Whats your brother doing now? B: He is a kite. A. flyB. flewC. fliesD. flying38. Listen, our teachers _ Red Songs in the next room.A. sang B. singsC. are singing 39.Where is your English teacher? Im looking for him everywhere.He _ the Internet in the computer room. A. will search B. has searched C. searched D. is searching初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（二）考点3一般过去时的用法考查概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。一般过去时主要有以下用法：1、表示过去某时发生的动作或情况（包括习惯性动作）。常见的时间状语有：yesterday, last night/week, a month ago/ ten years ago和具体的过去时间in 1990, in 2006等。例如：She often came to help me when I was in trouble. 2、发生的时间不是很清楚，但实际上是过去发生的。例如：How nice to see you here! I thought you were out. 要注意区分一般过去时和过去进行时。一般过去时表示过去发生的事情，侧重结果；而过去进行时只表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，而不涉与结果。例如：He was writing a letter last night.（不知道是否写完了） / He wrote a letter last night. (结果写完了)中考1. Simon_ his fingers when he was cooking the dinner. （2007年）A. burnt B. was burning C. has burnt D. had burnt简析：A。burn此处为瞬间动词，表示烫着，当他在做饭的时候，他烫着了手指，一般过去时在此处表示结果。2. - Im sorry you have missed the bus. It_ five minutes ago.- What a pity! （2006年）A. was leaving B. has left C. left D. leaves简析：C。根据five minutes ago可知是指过去的事情，且表示的是结果，用一般过去时。3. -Mr. Johnson, we have found your watch.-My watch！Thank you. Where_ it?（2006年）A. do you find B. have you found C. did you find D. were you finding简析：C。发现的动作为过去的事情，表示过去的结果，故用一般过去时。考点4过去进行时的用法考查概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 基本结构：was/were+doing 否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。 过去进行时主要有以下用法： 1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如：I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning. 2、当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如：The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如：When his son arrived, the old man was dying.中考1. - I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in. - Oh, we_ some shopping in the supermarket.（2007年）A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing简析：C。根据对话，可知在对方到他们家时，他们当时正在超市购物。2. -What do you think of the colour of my new dress? -Sorry, but what did you say? I_ about something else. （2007年）A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking简析：D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么，可知对方说话时，此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。3. I my homework while my parents TV last night.（2006年）A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watchingC. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching简析：B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词，而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作，所以都用过去进行时。一般过去时和过去进行时强化训练题1. Paul ant I _ tennis yesterday. He did much better than 1.A. played B. will play C. play D. are playing2.A big party was held in NO.18 Middle School last night, the teacher with students _ singing and dancing happily at the party. A. was B. is C. are D. were3. Mr. Black is going to marry a girl he _ in Japan last year. A. met B. meetsC. has metD. would meet4. He went into his room, the light and began to work.A. turned on B. turned off C. has turned on D. has turned off5What did MrSmith do before he came to China?He in a car factoryAworked Bworks Cis working Dwill work6What were you doing this time yesterday?I _ on the grass and drawing a picture.A. sit B. was sittingC. am sitting D. sat 7. While I _ TV, the bell rang. A. watch B. was watching C. am watching D. watched 8. Why didnt you answer my telephone yesterday?Sorry. I _ a bath.A. took B. was taking C. am taking D. take 9. While the alien _ a souvenir, the girl called the police. A. bought B. was buying C. buys D. is buying10. I called you at 6 oclock yesterday evening, but nobody answered. Im sorry. I my friend download the movie Kung Fu Panda when the telephone rang,A. would help B. was helpingC. helped11.You have found your lost umbrella, havent you?Yes. I _ it behind the door this afternoon.A. have found B. will find C. found 12. Tom, along with three other boys, _seen playing football a moment ago.A. is B.areC. wasD. were13. Ten minutes ago, there_ an eraser, a pen and some books on the desk. A. were B. is C. was 14. Have you ever been to Hong Kong？Yes, I there last month.A. went to B. have been C. went15. This morning I had hardly got to my school when it_ to rain. A. had begun B.was beginning C. began D. begins 16. How was your trip to Hang Zhou, Jim?Great! We _ to Xixi National Wetland Park. A. go B. went C. will go D. am going 17. Do you know who cleaned the blackboard, Tina?- Yes. John _. A. do B. didCdoes . 18. The last time I _ to the cinema was two years ago. A. goB. have gone C. have beenD. Went19.Lin Kai, hand in your homework, please.Oh, sorry. I _ it at home this morning. A. was leaving B. has left C. will leave D. left20. Im now in New York with my friend Jenny. We_ by plane on Monday.a. arrive B. arrived C. are arriving D. will arrive21. When _ your mother _ you that blue dress, Lucy?Sorry, I really cant remember. Maybe two or three weeks ago. A. will; buyB. does; buyC. did; buy22. I have to be off right now.What a pity! Iyou could stay a little longer with us.A. think B. am thinking C. thought23. Tom was so careless that he _ his right arm when he was riding to school.A. hurts B. hurt C. has hurt D. had hurt24. I _ something wrong just now. May 1 use your eraser?Of course. Here you are.A. write B. wroteC. am writing25. Whats the best present you have ever _? A. received B. receives C. receiving26. What did the teacher say just now? Sorry. I didnt catch it. I _ something else. A. thinkB. will think C. was thinkingD. had thought27 When I came back yesterday evening, my brother _ his homework. A is doing B. has done C. was doing 28. Did you see Mr. Black just now?Yes. He _ his car when I met him. A. parked B. was parkingC. parksD. will park29. Amy, I called you yesterday evening, but nobody answered the phone.Oh, I_a walk with my mother at that time.A. takeB. tookC. am takingD. was taking30. Why didnt you go to play football with us yesterday afternoon? I _my mother with the housework then. A. helped B. was helping C. had helped D. have been helping 31. He _when the UFO arrived. He didnt wake until the UFO disappeared. A. slept B. was sleeping C. was doing homework D. was singing32. I_ my homework at nine oclock last Sunday morning.A. am doing B. was doing C. do33. I was very angry with Johnhe just_ when I spoke to him.A. isnt listening B. hasnt listened C. didnt listen D. wasnt listening34. I met a good friend of mine while I on the street.A. walks B. walk C. was walking D. am walking35. I _ when the UFO landed.A. am watching TV B. was watching TV C. have watched TV D. watched TV36. The girl with two cats in the yard when the earthquake happened.A. was playing B. is playing C. are playing D. were playing初中英语八种时态归纳复习卷（三）考点5现在完成时的用法考查概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 基本结构：have/has + done （即动词的过去分词）否定形式：have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句：have或has。 现在完成时主要有以下用法：1、谈论开始于过去某个时候而且持续到现在的一个动作。例如：Eddie has lived with Millie since he was born. 2、谈论过去发生的动作，并且和现在存在联系。即过去的某个动作对现在产生影响。Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 但是如果单纯谈一个过去的动作，不涉与它对现在的影响时，通常用一般过去时。现在完成时常见的时间状语有：(1)for+一段时间；(2)since+过去的某个时间点或从句(3) so far, yet, recently, over/in the last/past +一段时间；（once, twice, ）threetimes, never, ever, up to now, these days，before,例如：I havent seen him these days./ Have you ever seen each other before?1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种:一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引导的特殊疑问句中. eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.( ).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( ) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( ) 2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法: .将时间状语改为时间段 + ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时. eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago. .若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在 how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词,现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词（终止性动词）到延续性动词的转换：come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-be in/at open-be open come backbe backdie-be dead close-be closed become-be borrow-keep begin/start-be on put on-wear leave-be away (from) buy-have fall asleep-be asleepget upbe up end/finish-be over catch a cold-have a cold go out be outjoin the army-be in the army /be a soldier join the Party-be in the Party /be a Party member 如：My brother has been in the army for two years. My brother has been a soldier for two years. His grandma has been dead for two years.他祖母去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。3.现在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at 的区别been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用. eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里) gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地, eg. She has gone to Shanghai。 (表示现在她人不在这里) been in/at 逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for ten days,since I came here等连用. eg. She has been in Shanghai since she moved there. 4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别一、现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in 1991,three days ago last time,last night等连用。二、一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系. 5. 结构It is /has been +一段时间 + since 从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了. eg. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army. 注意:1.since 引导的从句中动词用过去时2.when 引导 的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用.考点6过去完成时的用法考查概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即过去的过去。 时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 基本结构：had + done. 否定形式：had + not + done. 一般疑问句：had放于句首。 过去完成时表示过去某个行为或某件事发生之前就已经发生的动作或情况。例如：Hepburn had been a model before she became a Hollywood superstar.中考1. -Did you see Mr. Chen yesterday afternoon?-No. When I got to school, he_ already. （2006年）A. leftB. has leftC. was leavingD. had left简析：D。到达学校为过去的动作，在这个行为发生之前老师已离开了。过去完成时表示过去的过去。现在完成时和过去完成时强化训练题1. Dad, I _ the station for minutes, but nobody came to meet me.Dont worry. I