2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷99（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-江西财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Some of the ideas are very simple and sound intuitively plausible. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.directlyB.reasonablyC.franklyD.instinctively【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项directly“直接地；立即；马上”；B选项reasonably“合理地；相当地；适度地”；C选项frankly“坦率地；老实说”；D选项instinctively“本能地”。intuitively意为“直观地；直觉地”，D选项的意思最为接近。句意：有些想法非常简单，听起来觉得很有道理。2. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet.42.人们学会了珍惜各自身上具有的一些品质，正是这些品质使群体生活愉悦美好。在这些品质中，最重要的是同情。你若是残忍地对待动物，你就不大可能对其他人善良体贴。你若是对其他人体贴入微，你就不大可能残忍冷漠地对待动物。古代的智者写道“仁者爱人及畜”，原因概出于此。善待动物并不是说我们永远不能让动物承受痛苦。人类自身就是在快乐中、也在痛苦中经受锻炼。因此，有时候也需要用惩罚来训练我们的狗和马，使他们听从我们的指令。在医生的手下，为了疗好创伤或医治疾病，我们得忍受痛苦。为了国家的利益，我们派遣最勇敢的人们直面创伤、疾病和死亡。同样，我们让战马和我们一起亲冒矢石。【答案】People have learned to value the qualities that each of them possesses that make group life enjoyable. The most important of these qualities is compassion. If you are cruel to animals, you are less likely to be kind to other people. If you treat other people with consideration, you are less likely to treat animals with cruelty and insensitivity. This is why the wise men of ancient times wrote that “benevolent men love their animals.” Being kind to animals does not mean that we should never allow animals to suffer. Man himself is exercised in pleasure as well as in pain. Therefore, it is sometimes necessary to use punishment to train our dogs and horses to obey our commands. Under the hands of a doctor, we have to suffer in order to heal a wound or cure a disease. We have sent our bravest men and women to face trauma, disease and death in the face of what is good for our country. In the same way, we let our horses march with us through the hail of bullets.3. 单选题Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Texting has long been bemoaned (哀叹) as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it. To which the proper response is LOL. Texting properly isnt writing at all. Its a “spoken” language that is getting richer and more complex by the year.First, some historical perspective. Writing was only invented 5,500 years ago, whereas language probably traces back at least 80,000 years. Thus talking came first; wring is just a craft that came along later. As such, the first writing was based on the way people talk, with short sentences. However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow. Over time, writers took advantage of this and started crafting long-winded sentences such as this one: “The whole engagement lasted above 12 hours, till the gradual retreat of the Persians was changed into a disorderly flight, of which the shameful example was given by the principal leaders and”No one talks like that casuallyor should. But it is natural to desire to do so for special occasions. In the old days, we didnt much write like talking because there was no mechanism to reproduce the speed of conversation. But texting and instant messaging doand a revolution has begun. It involves the crude mechanics of writing, but in its economy, spontaneity and even vulgarity, texting is actually a new kind of talking, with its own kind of grammar and conventions.Take LOL. It doesnt actually mean “laughing out loud” in a literal sense anymore. LOL has evolved into something much subtler and sophisticated and is used even when nothing is remotely amusing. Joeelyn texts “Where have you been?” and Annabelle texts back “LOL at the library studying for two hours.” LOL signal basic empathy (同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality. Instead of having a literal meaning, it does somethingconveying an attitudejust like the -ed ending conveys past tense rather than “meaning” anything. LOL, of all things, is grammar.Of course no one thinks about that consciously. But then most of communication operates without being noticed. Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed.Civilization, then, is finepeople banging away on their smartphones are fluently using a code separate from the one they use in actual writing, and there is no evidence that texting is ruining composition skills. Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers.16. What do critics say about texting?17. In what way does the author say writing is different from talking?18. Why is LOL much used in texting?19. Examples like meat and silly are cited to show（ ）.20. What does the author think of texting?问题1选项A.It is mainly confined to youngsters.B.It competes with traditional writing.C.It will ruin the written language.D.It is often hard to understand.问题2选项A.It is crafted with specific skills.B.It expresses ideas more accurately.C.It does not have as long a history.D.It is not as easy to comprehend.问题3选项A.It brings texters closer to each other.B.It shows the texters sophistication.C.It is a trendy way to communicate.D.It adds to the humor of the text.问题4选项A.the difference between writing and talkingB.how differently words are used in textingC.why people use the words the way they doD.the gradual change of word meaning问题5选项A.It facilitates exchange of ideas among people.B.It is a new form of verbal communication.C.It deteriorates peoples composition skills.D.It hastens the decline of the written word.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】16、【试题答案】 C【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“critics”定位到文章的第一段第一句话“Texting has long been bemoaned as the downfall of the written word, “penmanship for illiterates,” as one critic called it”（长久以来，短信一直被认为是书面文字的衰落，一位评论家称它为“文盲的书法”）。选项C“它会破坏了书面语言”对应这句话中的the downfall of the written word。A、B、D与评论家的说法无关，所以排除。因此C选项正确。17、【试题答案】B【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“writing is different from talking”可定位到第二段第五句话“However, while talking is largely subconscious and rapid, writing is deliberate and slow”（然而，说话很大程度上是潜意识的、快速的，而写作则是深思熟虑的、缓慢的）可知deliberate这个词来看，与B选项表达中的accurately最接近，所以最佳选项为B选项。A、D选项在文中没有相关表述；C选项关于写作的历史第二段开头可知，写作是位于谈话之后的，历史也是很长的，所以排除。因此B选项正确。18、【试题答案】A【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“LOL”我们定位到文章中第四段第五句话“LOL signal basic empathy(同感) between texters, easing tension and creating a sense of equality”（LOL代表了发信息的人之间基本的同感，以及缓和紧张气氛和找到公平的感觉）可知那么“同感”就对应着选项A中的closer to each other，即让人与人之间的距离更近。所以最佳选项为A选项。LOL一开始的字面意义为“笑出来了”，甚至在没什么好玩的时候也会使用它，但没有关于其幽默的表述，所以排除D选项；B、C选项没有原文依据，所以排除。因此A选项正确。19、【试题答案】D【试题解析】判断推理题。根据题干中的关键词“meat and silly”可定位到第五段第三句话“Over time, the meaning of a word or an expression driftsmeat used to mean any kind of food, silly used to mean, believe it or not, blessed”（随着时间的推移，一个单词或短语的含义也在不断变化meat被用来表示任何一种食物，silly被用来表示，信不信由你，上天保佑）可知这是个举例，而其观点在前面部分，即“the meaning of a word or an expression drifts”所以meat and silly显示出了词语意义的变化。Drift对应着D选项中的change。A、B、C均不符合题意，所以排除。因此D选项正确。20、【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段最后一句话“Its a spoken language that is getting richer and more complex by the year”（这是一种“口语”语言，它正变得越来越丰富和复杂）以及最后一段最后一句话“Worldwide people speak differently from the way they write, and textingquick, casual and only intended to be read onceis actually a way of talking with your fingers”（世界各地的人们说话的方式和书写的方式大不相同。短信快速、随意、只供阅读一次的短信其实是用手指在说话）可知这两句话都处于文章表达观点的段落，表达的意思为它是一种新的语言交流形式，和B选项构成同义的关系。所以最佳选项是B选项。A选项“它促进了人们之间思想的交流”在文中有提及，但不能概括全篇内容；C选项说法错误，文中提到没有证据表明短信正在破坏写作技巧；D选项体现在本文第一句，但是不是作者的想法，所以排除。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题When the Italian poet Dante was （ ） from his home in Florence, he decided to walk from Italy to search for the real meaning of life.问题1选项A.exiledB.expiredC.exemptedD.exerted【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项exile“放逐，流放；使背井离乡”；B选项expire“期满；终止；死亡；呼气”；C选项exempt“免除，豁免”；D选项exert“运用，发挥；施以影响”。句意：当意大利诗人但丁被逐出他在佛罗伦萨的家时，他决定从意大利步行去寻找生命的真正意义。固定搭配“exile from使流亡；把从流放出去”， 因此A选项正确。5. 单选题They hope to be able to move into the new building at the end of month, but things did not （ ） as they had expected.问题1选项A.work outB.work atC.work onD.work off【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项work out“解决；算出；实现；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；锻炼”；B选项work at“从事于；致力于”；C选项work on“影响，对起作用；继续工作；从事于”；D选项work off“售出；清理，排除；渐渐地清除；冒充”。句意：他们希望能在月底搬进新楼，但事情没有如他们预料的那样顺利。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Theres always intense media coverage of airplane crashes and that can really play into peoples fears and skew their perceptions of how safe it is to fly. The underlined part means（ ）.问题1选项A.misconceiveB.distortC.changeD.preoccupy【答案】B【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项misconceive“误解，误会”；B选项distort“扭曲；使失真；曲解”；C选项change“改变”；D选项preoccupy“（使）全神贯注；提前占据”。句意：媒体总是对飞机失事进行密集报道，这真的会加剧人们的恐惧， 他们对飞行安全的认知。根据句意和常识可以推断，当媒体大量报道某事时，往往会误导、曲解人们对该事件的客观认识，因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The funny looking man whom the girl met on the street of Prinston was （ ）Albert Einstein.问题1选项A.none butB.none other butC.no other butD.nobody but【答案】B【解析】【试题答案】B【试题解析】none other but 表示“不是别人，正是”，与none other than 意思相同；none but 意为“只有”“除了外都没有”；nobody but语义上不通，应为nobody else but；没有no other but 这一用法。8. 单选题Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now? Why is the current politics of wealth and poverty seemingly about wealth alone? Eight years ago, when Bill Clinton first ran for president, the Dow Jones average was under 3,500, yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond, and no one talked about the “permanent boom” or the “new economy”. Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of “not leaving a single person behind”. It is possible that similar “compassionate” rhetoric might yet play a role in the general election.But it is striking how much less talk there is about the poor than there was eight years ago, when the country was economically uncertain, or in previous eras, when the county felt flush. Even last summer, when Clinton spent several days on a remarkable tour through impoverished areas from Indian reservations in South Dakota to ghetto neighborhoods in East St. Louis, the administration decided to refer to the effort not as a poverty tour but as a “new market initiative”.What is happening is partly a logical, policy-driven reaction. Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. The most attractive solution to ita growing economyis being applied. The people who have been totally left out of this boom often have medical, mental or other problems for which no one has an immediate solution. “The economy has sucked in anyone who has any preparation, any ability to cope with modern life,” says Franklin D. Raines, the former director of the Office of Management and Budget who is now head of Fannie Mac. When he and other people who specialize in the issue talk about solutions, they talk analytically and on a long term basis: education, development of work sill, shifts in the labor market, and adjustments in welfare reform.But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people. It is the unusual social and imaginative separation between prosperous America and those still left out. Its simple invisibility because of increasing geographic, occupational, and social barriers that block one group from the others view.26. What does the word “straitened” in the first paragraph mean?27. What is one important reason why we do not talk much about poverty according to the author?28. What can be concluded from the passage?29. What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?30. What is the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.StraightforwardB.WealthyC.DistantD.Difficult问题2选项A.No one knows what to do about it.B.No one has been left out of the current boom.C.Poverty really is lower than in the past.D.The president is not concerned about the poor.问题3选项A.The relationship between the rich and the poor has changed.B.We should pay more attention to poverty.C.The good economy will soon end.D.All people benefit from good economic conditions.问题4选项A.To entertain.B.To persuade.C.To tell a story.D.To describe.问题5选项A.We were more aware of the poor in the past than we are today.B.The poor are benefiting from todays good economy.C.The country is enjoying economic growth.D.There were many more poor people than there are today.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】26. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。由题干定位到文章第一段中的“yearly federal budget deficits were projected at hundreds of billions of dollars forever and beyond每年的联邦预算赤字预计将永远达到数千亿美元，甚至更高”和“Yet in that more straitened time, Clinton made much of the importance of not leaving a single person behind.然而，在这段更紧张的时间里，克林顿强调了不让一个人掉队的重要性。”可推知straitened有“贫困的，困难的”的意思，所以D项difficult“困难的”正确。A项“简单的；坦率的”；B项“富有的”；C项“遥远的；冷漠的”；D项“困难的”，因此D选项正确。27. 【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章第三段中的第二句“Poverty really is lower than it has been in decades, especially for minority groups. 贫困率确实比过去几十年都要低，尤其是对少数群体而言。”可知C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”正确。A项“没有人知道该怎么做。”；B项“没有人被排除在当前的繁荣之外。”；C项“贫困率确实比过去低。”；D项“总统不关心穷人。”，因此C选项正确。28. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。由题干定位到文章最后一段中的第一句“But I think there is another force that has made this a rich era with barely visible poor people.但我认为，还有另一种力量，使这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。”可推知A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”正确，除A项之外的其他选项文中并未提及。A项“富人和穷人之间的关系发生了变化。”；B项“我们应该更加关注贫困问题。”；C项“良好的经济将很快结束。”；D项“所有人都从良好的经济条件中受益。”，因此A选项正确。29. 【试题答案】D【试题解析】作者意图题。结合全文内容可知，这篇文章是作者在阐述为什么现在人们不去讨论“贫困”，和为什么这个时代成为一个穷人几乎不见踪影的富裕时代。A项“娱乐”，B项“说服”，文章并未体现。C项“讲故事”，不符合。D项“描述”，符合题意。因此D选项正确。30. 【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。结合全文知，A项“我们过去比现在更关注穷人。”B项“穷人正受益于今天良好的经济。”未提及。C项“这个国家正在享受经济增长。”，D项“当时的穷人比现在多很多。”从文中的第一段“Before, whenever we had wealth, we started discussing poverty. Why not now?”以前，当我们有了财富，我们就会开始讨论贫穷。为什么现在不讨论了呢？由此可知，A选项符合。因此A选项正确。9. 单选题Some organizations find themselves faced with new product opportunities, or with projects that have a（ ）starting and ending point.问题1选项A.definiteB.definitiveC.definedD.defining【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项definite“一定的；明确的”；B选项definitive“最后的；确定的”；C选项defined“界定的；轮廓清晰的”；D选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”。句意：一些组织发现他们自己面临着新的产品机会，或者有 起点和终点的项目。根据句意可推断出空格处应为“明确的”，A、B选项均有此意，但侧重点不同，definite强调明显、清楚、有把握；definitive强调最终、权威、不可更改，侧重于最终的结果，这里是修饰“起点和终点”，并非强调结果，因此A选项正确。10. 翻译题42. Translate the following passage into English. (15)中央电视台春节联欢晚会（简称“春晚”）自1983年开办以来，已成为中国人文化生活中不可缺少的文化消费品和一个挥之不去的文化符号。虽然众口难调，但必须承认的是，“春晚”已成为公众所不可缺少的“新民俗”。春晚不仅是一台晚会，更是一种仪式与象征，一种文化与标签，一种情感与寄托。随着时代发展及新媒体的出现，观众的选择和需求日渐多样化，“春晚”也在与时俱进，以满足大众日益增长的文化需求。【答案】【参考译文】The CCTV Spring Festival Gala (Spring Festival Gala for short), which was started in 1983, has become an indispensable cultural consumer product and a cultural symbol in the cultural life of the Chinese people. Though its hard to satisfy the tastes of all the people, it has to be admitted that the Spring Festival Gala has become a “new custom” for the public that they cant live without. The Spring Festival Gala is more than a gala; it is a ritual and a symbol, a culture and a label, and an emotion and a place where people entrust their hearts to. With the development of the times and the emerging of new media, the audiences are having more diversified choices and demands. Corresponding, the Spring Festival Gala is also advancing with the times to satisfy the growing cultural needs of the people.11. 单选题Many of the successful men, had they be enable to choose for themselves, would have selected some quite different professions（ ）they have made fortunes.问题1选项A.from that in whichB.from whichC.in whichD.from what【答案】A【解析】from that in which 相当于(different profession) from the professions in which they make fortunes in sth“靠致富”。只有A正确。12. 单选题Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Early decisionyou apply to one school, and admission is bindingseems like a great choice for nervous applicants Schools let in a higher percentage of early-decision applicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of getting in. And if you do, youre done with the whole agonizing process by December. But what most students and parents dont realize is that schools have hidden motives for offering early decision.Early decision since its binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows admissions committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate which is often used as one of the ways to measure college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively shortens the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under regular admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni and arguably make a more informed decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great fit. When students become too fixated on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to severe disappointment if they dont get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further reflection, may not actually be right for them.Insofar as early decision offers a genuine admissions edge; that advantage goes largely to students who already have numerous advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. In this regard, theres an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how to navigate the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that theres one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably apply under early decision. But for students who havent yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early decision system needlessly and prematurely narrows the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.36. What are students obliged to do under early decision?37. Why do schools offer early decision?38. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?39. Why are some people opposed to early decisions?40. What does the author advise college applicants to do?问题1选项A.Attend the school once they are admitted.B.Look into a lot of schools before they apply.C.Think twice before they accept the offer.D.Consult the current students and alumni.问题2选项A.To provide more opportunities for applicants.B.To avoid competition with other college.C.To make sure they get qualified students.D.To save students the agony of choosing a school.问题3选项A.It makes their application process more complicated.B.It places too high a demand on their research ability.C.It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.D.It allows them little time to make informed decisions.问题4选项A.It interferes with students learning in high school.B.It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C.It places students from lower income families at a di