2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第62期

2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly（ ）access to necessary care.问题1选项A.grudgedB.deniedC.negatedD.invalidated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。grudge“怀恨”；deny“否认，拒绝”；negate“否认，无效”，比较正式；invalidate“使无效”。句意：成千上万患有长期慢性病的医保病人没有得到正确的必要治疗。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very （ ） for the nineteenth-century factory workers.问题1选项A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。hostile敌对的;anxious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的, 沉闷的;obscure模糊的, 隐蔽的。句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说, 一周工作80个小时, 几乎没有什么乐趣, 生活一定很乏味。选项C更符合句意。3. 单选题The law on drinking and driving is（ ）stated.问题1选项A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.exceptionallyD.explicitly【答案】D【解析】考查形近义异词义辨析。extravagantly “挥霍无度地”；empirically “以经验为主地”；exceptionally “特殊地，例外地”；explicitly “明确地，明白地”。句子意思为：法律对饮酒和驾驶是有明确规定的。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It tends to dwell upon their joyous experiences.B.It has trouble concentrating after a brain injury.C.It wanders for almost half of their waking time.D.It tends to be affected by their negative feelings.问题2选项A.To study the relation between health and daydreaming.B.To see why daydreaming impacts what one is doing.C.To observe how ones mind affects ones behavior.D.To find how happiness relates to daydreaming.问题3选项A.It contributes to their creativity.B.It contributes to clear thinking.C.It helps them tap their potentials.D.It helps them make good decisions.问题4选项A.Daydreamers did better than non-daydreamers in task performance.B.Non-daydreamers were more focused on their tasks than daydreamers.C.The difference in performance between the two groups was insignificant.D.Subjects with clear goals in mind outperformed those without clear goals.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】Passage TwoIn 2014, one in 16 Americans visited the hospital emergency room for home injuries. One of the main causes of these accidents? A wandering mind! 12 By one estimate, people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours.Psychologists have recently focused on the tendency to think about something other than the task one is doing. 13 For one experiment, researchers developed an app to analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness. They found that the average persons mind wandered most frequently (about 65% of the time) during personal activities, such as brushing their teeth and combing their hair. Respondents minds tended to wander more when they felt upset rather than happy. They were more likely to wander toward pleasant topics than unpleasant ones.How do daydreams affect daydreamers? A wandering mind leaves us vulnerable when driving. In one study, researchers interview 955 people involved in traffic accidents. The majority of them reported having daydream just before the accident. Yet other research suggests that daydreaming has benefits. Researchers have found that it gives us a chance to think about our goals and 14 it also seems to increase creativity. In one experiment, 145 undergraduates completed four “unusual uses” tasks, each requiring them to list as many uses as possible for everyday object. After the first pair of tasks was completed, one group of participants was assigned an undemanding activity intended to cause their minds to wander. When all the participants proceeded to the second pair of tasks, 15 the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others.12. What does the passage say about peoples mind?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问的是这篇文章提到的关于人的思想的信息。录音开头提到：据估计，人们几乎一半的清醒时间都在幻想（people daydream through nearly half of their waking hours），C选项“醒着的时候，几乎有一半的时间都在走神”与之表述一致，因此正确。干扰项是A选项“倾向于沉湎于他们快乐的经历”，录音中提到的是他们更倾向于谈论愉快的话题（pleasant topics），因此A选项不正确；B选项“大脑受伤后很难集中注意力”和D选项“容易受到负面情绪的影响”在录音中均未提及。13. For what purpose did the researchers develop the new app?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问研究人员开发这款新软件的目的是什么？录音提到，在一项实验中，研究人员开发了一款应用程序来分析幻想和幸福之间的关系（analyze the relationship between daydreaming and happiness），D选项“找出幸福是如何与幻想关联的”是此信息的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“健康与幻想的关系”；B选项“看看为什么幻想会影响一个人的行为”；C选项“观察一个人的思想如何影响他的行为”均不正确。14. How does daydreaming benefit people according to some researchers?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问根据一些研究者的说法，幻想是怎样使人受益的？录音中也提到了幻想的好处：研究发现，它给了我们思考目标的机会，而且似乎还能提高创造力（increase creativity），A选项中的contributes to是录音中increase的同义替换，因此A选项正确；B选项“有助于清晰思考”；C选项“帮助他们挖掘潜力”；D选项“有助于他们做出正确的决定”均不正确。15. What was the finding of the experiment with 145 undergraduates?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问那个有145名本科生参加的实验发现了什么？录音最后提到，当所有参与者进行第二组任务时，“幻想者”的表现比其他人好40 % （the daydreamers performed 40 percent better than the others），由此可知，A选项“幻想者在做任务时的表现优于非幻想者”与之表述一致，因此正确。由上也可排除B选项“非幻想者比幻想者更专注于自己的任务”和C选项“两组之间的表现差异不明显”；而D选项“有明确目标的受试者的表现优于没有明确目标的受试者”在录音中并没有提及明确目标这一信息，因此错误。5. 单选题Dont （meddle）in my affairs, and in fact I can handle them properly by myself.问题1选项A.interfereB.interestC.involveD.attend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。meddle表示“干涉，管闲事”；A项interfere“干涉，妨碍”，B项interest“感兴趣”，C项involve“包含，牵涉”，D项attend“参加”。句意：不要干涉我的事情，事实上我自己能处理得很好。根据句意可知，该题选择A项正确。6. 单选题The boy has learned from fairy stories that what at first seems a（ ）, threatening figure can magically change into a most helpful friend.问题1选项A.benevolentB.repulsiveC.compulsiveD.imperative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。benevolent “仁慈的，慈善的”；repulsive “令人厌恶的，冷淡的”；compulsive “强制的，强迫的”；imperative “必要的，紧要的”。句意：男孩从童话故事里知道那些第一眼看起来令人厌恶的并且危险的人物会魔法般地变成一个最有用的朋友。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.Doing enjoyable work.B.Earning a competitive salary.C.Having friendly colleagues.D.Working for supportive bosses.问题2选项A.20%.B.25%.C.31%.D.73%.问题3选项A.Those full of skilled workers.B.Those that are well managed.C.Those run by women.D.Those of a small size.问题4选项A.They can win recognition of their work.B.They can better balance work and life.C.They can hop from job to job easily.D.They can take on more than one job.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】Conversation OneW: Welcome to Workplace, and in todays program were looking at the results of two recently published surveys, which both deal with the same topichappiness at work. John, tell us about the first survey.M: Well, this was done by a human resources consultancy who interviewed more than 1,000 workers, and established a top 10 of the factors which make people happy at work. 1 The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues. In fact, 73% of people interviewed put their relationship with colleagues as the key factor contributing to happiness at work, which is a very high percentage. The second most important factor was having work that is enjoyable. The two least important factors were having ones achievements recognized, and rather surprisingly, earning a competitive salary.W: So, were not mainly motivated by money?M: Apparently not.W: Any other interesting information in the survey?M: Yes. For example, 25% of the working people interviewed described themselves as “very happy” at work. However, 2 20% of employees described themselves as being unhappy.W: Thats quite a lot of unhappy people at work every day.M: It is, isnt it? And there were several more interesting conclusions revealed by the survey. First of all, small is beautiful. 3 People definitely prefer working for smaller organizations or companies with less than 100 staff. We also find out that, generally speaking, women were happier in their work than men.W: Yes, we are, arent we?M: And workers on part-time contracts, who only work 4 or 5 hours a day, are happier than those who work full-time. 4 The researchers concluded that this is probably due to a better work-life balance.W: Are bosses happier than their employees?M: Yes. Perhaps not surprisingly, the higher people go in a company, the happier they are. So senior managers enjoy their jobs more than people working under them.1. What is the number one factor that made employees happy according to the survey?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问根据这项调查，让员工快乐的首要因素是什么? 录音提及，大部分受访者认为，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是与友好的、能给予帮助的同事一起共事。C选项“与友好的同事共事”是录音原文复现，因此正确。A选项“从事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，与题干不符，因此排除；B选项“获得有竞争力的薪水”是调查得出的两个最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D选项“为能给予帮助的老板工作”，这里能给予帮助的应该是同事而不是老板，与原文表述不符，因此不正确。2. What is the percentage of the people surveyed who felt unhappy at work?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问在接受调查的人中，对工作感到不快乐的比例是多少? 录音中，男士提及，有25%的受访者认为自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受访者则认为自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A选项“20%”正确。B选项“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的 人群所占的比例；C选项“31%”录音中没有提及；D选项“73%”的对象与题干不相关，也可排除。3. What kind of companies are popular with employees?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问什么样的公司最受员工欢迎？录音中，男士提及调查还得出几个有趣的结论，其中一点是人们更喜欢去员工在100人以下的小规模机构或公司工作。因此D选项“规模小的公司”正确。A选项“充满熟练工人的公司”；B选项“管理得当的公司”和C选项“由女性经营的公司”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。4. What is the possible reason for people on part-time contracts to be happier?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问签订兼职合同的人更快乐的可能原因是什么? 录音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五个小时的兼职人员，其幸福感要比那些全职员工高。研究人员得出的结论是：这可能是因为兼职人员的工作与生活有更好的平衡。B选项中的balance work and life是录音中work-life balance的词性转换，因此B选项正确。A选项“他们可以赢得工作上的认可”是对工作幸福感最不重要的两个影响因素之一，与兼职人员的工作幸福感无 关，因此排除；C选项“他们可以轻松地从一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D项“他们从事不止一份工作”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此也可排除。8. 单选题I found the subject very difficult, and at one time thought I should have to give it up, but your directions are so clear and（ ）that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pretty, though wanting in the tender grace of yours.问题1选项A.on the pointB.off the pointC.to the pointD.up to a point【答案】C【解析】考查介词词组辨析。on the point “即将的时候”；off the point “离题”；to the point “中肯，切题”；up to a point “在一定程度上”。句意：我觉得这个主题很难，我曾经想放弃；但是你的指导清晰又切题，我已经成功获得一张我们都认为非常漂亮的画，尽管没有你的优雅。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be （ ） from school.问题1选项A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。选项A, B, D都不能与介词from搭配应用。be expelled from school意为被学校开除, 符合句意。句意：酗酒、吸烟、经常旷课的青少年更有可能被学校开除。10. 单选题Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.It displays albums by new music talents.B.It has several branches in London.C.It sponsors major jazz concerts.D.It focuses exclusively on jazz.问题2选项A.Its market has now shrunk.B.It originated with cowboys.C.It remains as widespread as hip hop music.D.Its listeners are mostly young people.问题3选项A.Its style has remained largely unchanged.B.It is still going through experimentation.C.It is frequently accompanied by singing.D.Its definition is varied and complicated.问题4选项A.Learn to play them.B.Listen to them yourself.C.Take music lessons.D.Consult jazz musicians.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】Conversation OneM: Excuse me. Wheres your rock music section?W: Rock music? Im sorry, were a, jazz store. We dont have any rock and roll.M: Oh, you only have jazz music? Nothing else?W: Thats right. 1 Were the only record store in London dedicated exclusively to jazz. Actually, were more than just a record store. We have a cafe and library upstairs and a ticket office down the hall, where you can buy tickets to all the major jazz concerts in the city. Also, we have our own studio next door, where we produce albums for up-and-coming artists. Were committed to fostering new music talent.M: Wow! Thats so cool! 2 I guess theres not much of a jazz scene anymore. Not like they used to be, but here youre trying to promote this great music genre.W: Yes, indeed, nowadays most people like to listen to pop and rock music. Hip hop music from America is also getting more and more popular. So as a result, therere fewer listeners of jazz, which is a great shame, because its an incredibly rich genre. But thats not to say there isnt any good new jazz music being made out there anymore. Far from it. Its just a much smaller market today.M: So how would you define jazz?W: Well, interestingly enough, 3 theres no agreed-upon definition of jazz. Indeed, there are many different styles of jazz. Some have singing, but most dont. Some are electric and some arent. Some contain live experimentation, but not always. While theres no simple definition for it, and while therere many different styles of jazz, you simply know it when you hear it. 4 Honestly, the only way to know what jazz is, is listen to it yourself. As a great trumpet player, Louis Armstrong said, if you gotta ask, youll never know.1. What do we learn about the womans store?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于女士商店的信息。对话开头，女士提到他们是伦敦唯一专门经营爵士乐的唱片店，因此D选项“它只专注于爵士乐”正确。A选项“展出新音乐人才的专辑”最具有干扰性，主要是利用录音中的new music talent设干扰，女士只是说他们致力于培养新的音乐人才，在录音室为他们制作专辑，并没有提到她的店展出新音乐人才的专辑，因此A选项错误；B选项“它在伦敦有几家分店”以及C选项“它赞助大型爵士音乐会”在录音中均没有信息提及。2. What does the man say about jazz music?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐，男士说了什么？男士说现在已经没有多少爵士乐的音乐圈子了，意在表达爵士乐不那么流行了。因此A选项“它的市场现在已经萎缩”符合男士的说法。B选项“它起源于牛仔”在录音中没有提及；C选项“它仍然像嘻哈音乐一样广泛传播”，录音说现在大多数年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐，美国的嘻哈音乐也越来越受欢迎，爵士乐的听众越来越少，因此C选项不正确；D选项“它的听众大多是年轻人”，录音中只是提及年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐，并没有说爵士乐的听众也是年轻人，因此D选项不正确。3. What does the woman say about jazz?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐，女士说了什么？女士在回答什么是爵士乐时提到，人们对爵士乐并没有一致的定义，也就是说“爵士乐的定义是多样的，复杂的”，D选项是录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“它的风格基本上没有变化”，录音提到爵士乐有 很多不同的风格，但并未提及风格没有变化，因此A选项不正确；B选项“它仍在进行实验”，利用录音中的experimentation设干扰，录音只是说爵士乐的风格中有些包含现场实验音乐，并不是说音乐在进行实验，因此B选项错误；C选项“它经常伴有歌声”与录音中说的“有些有演唱，但大多数没有”不符，因此错误。4. What should you do to appreciate different styles of jazz according to the woman?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问女士认为应该怎么做才能欣赏不同风格的爵士乐？录音最后，女士提到，要知道爵士乐是什么，唯一的方法就是自己去听，因此B选项“自己听”正确。A选项“学会演奏”；C选项“上音乐课”以及D选项“咨询爵士音乐家”均未在录音中提及，因此不正确。11. 单选题Historians such as Le Roy Laduric have used the documents to extract case histories, which have（ ） the attitudes of different social groups and have revealed how the authorities administered justice.问题1选项A.laminatedB.ruminatedC.illuminatedD.eliminated【答案】C【解析】形近词词义辨析。laminate “分成薄片”；ruminate “沉思，反复思考”；illuminate “阐明，说明”；eliminate “消除，排除”。句意：罗伊拉杜里克这样一些历史家从记录中提取出历史案例，这些案例说明了不同社会群体的态度以及他们是如何执行司法的。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Abilities of human babies.B.Adults influence on children.C.Cognitive features of different newly born mammals.D.Similarities between human babies and baby animals.问题2选项A.They love happy melodies more than sad ones.B.They fall asleep easily while listening to music.C.They are already sensitive to beats and rhythms.D.They can distinguish a happy tune from a sad one.问题3选项A.Babies emotions.B.Infants behaviors.C.Babies interaction with adults.D.Infants facial expressions.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A【解析】Recording TwoIn last weeks lecture, we discussed the characteristics of the newly born offspring of several mammals. You probably remember that human infants are less developed physically than other mammals of the same age. 19 But in todays lecture, well look at three very interesting studies that hint at the surprising abilities of human babies.In the first study, 3-year-olds watch two videos shown side by side, each featuring a different researcher, one of whom theyd met once, two years earlier. The children spent longer watching the video showing the researcher they hadnt met. This is consistent with young childrens usual tendency to look longer at things that arent familiar. And really this is amazing! It suggests the children remembered the researcher theyd met just one time when they were only one-year-olds. Of course, as most of us forget memories from our first few years as we grow older, these early long-term memories will likely be lost in subsequent years.Our second study is about music. For this study researchers played music to babies through speakers located on either side of a human face. They waited until the babies got bored and inverted their gaze from the face. And then they changed the mood of the musiceither from sad to happy, or the other way around. This mood switch made no difference to the 3-month-olds, but for the 9-month-olds it was enough to renew their interest and they started looking again in the direction of the face. 20 This suggests that babies of that age can tell the difference between a happy melody and a sad tune.Our final study is from 1980, but its still relevant today. 21 In fact, its one of the most famous pieces of research about infant emotion ever published. The study involved ordinary adults watching video clips of babies 9-month or younger. In the video clips, the babies made various facial expressions in response to real life events, including playful interactions and painful ones. The adult observers were able to reliably discern an assortment of emotions on the babies, faces. These emotions included interest, joy, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, and fear.Next week, well be looking at this last study more closely. In fact, we will be viewing some of the video clips from that study. And together, see how well we do in discerning the babies emotions.19. What are the three interesting studies about?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问这三项有趣的研究是关于什么的？录音开头提到“在今天的讲座中，我们将看到三个非常有趣的研究，它们暗示了人类婴儿惊人的能力（abilities of human babies）”，因此A选项“人类婴儿的能力”正确。B选项“成年人对儿童的影响”，三个研究虽有成年人参与，但这些研究并不是研究成年人对儿童的影响，因此B选项不正确；C选项“不同新生哺乳动物在认知方面的特征”是上周的讲座所讨论的内容，而不是本周；D选项“人类婴儿和动物婴儿之间的相似之处”，录音中未提及相关信息。20. What does the second study find about 9-month- old babies?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问关于9个月大的婴儿，第二项研究有什么发现？在第二项研究中，提到音乐氛围的变化对3个月大的婴儿没有影响，但对于9个月大的婴儿来说，这足以重新引起他们的兴趣，这表明该年龄段的婴儿能够区分快乐的旋律和悲伤的旋律。因此D选项“他们能分辨出快乐的曲调和悲伤的曲调”符合原文。A选项“他们喜欢快乐的旋律胜过悲伤的旋律”和B选项“他们听音乐时很容易睡着”在录音中没有信息提及；C选项“他们对节拍和节奏已经很敏感了”。beats and rhythms在录音中并未出现，因此C选项可排除。21. What is the 1980 study about?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问1980年那项研究是关于什么的？录音中提到，该项研究是迄今为止发表的关于婴儿情绪（infant emotion）的最著名的研究之一，因此A选项“婴儿的情绪”正确。B选项“婴儿的行为”并没有提及；C选项“婴儿和成人的互动”，利用录音的playful interactions设干扰，但录音是说婴儿看到playful interactions时脸部的表情，不是婴儿自己的interactions，因此C选项不正确；D选项“婴儿的面部表情”是最具有干扰性的一项。事实上，facial expressions在这项研究中很重要，但这是为研究婴儿情绪服务的，因此D选项不选。13. 单选题Fashion is something we deal with every day. Even people who say they dont care what they wear choose clothes every morning then say a lot about them and how they feel that day.One certain thing in the fashion world is change. We are constantly being showered with new fashion ideas from music, videos, books, and television. Movies also have a big impact on what people wear. Ray-Ban sold more sunglasses after the movie Men in Black. Sometimes a fashion is worldwide. Back in the 1950s, teenagers everywhere dressed like Elvis Presley.Fashion and styles reveal what groups people are in, but they also create stereotypes and distance between groups. For instance, a businessman might look at a boy with green hair and piercings as an outsider. But to another person, he dresses a certain way to deliver the message of rebellion and separation, but within that group the look is uniform. The acceptance or rejection of a style is a reaction to the society we live in.Fashion is a language which tells a story about the person who wears it. “Clothes create wordless means of communication that we all understand,” according to Katherine Hamnett, a top British fashion designer. Hamnett became popular when her T-shirts with large messages like “Choose Life” were worn by several rock bands.Fashion is an endless popularity contest. High fashion is the style of a small group of men and women with a certain taste and authority in the fashion world. People of wealth and position, buyers for major department stores,editors and writers for fashion magaz