2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第92期

2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Fewer and fewer of todays workers expect to spend their working lives in the same field,（ ）the same company.问题1选项A.all elseB.much worseC.let aloneD.less likely【答案】C【解析】句意:如今越来越少的工人期望在工作生涯中都一直在同样的领域工作，更不必说一直在同样的公司工作。考查短语辨析。all else 其他所有;much worse 更糟糕的是;let alone 更不用说，听任，不打扰；less likely 最不可能的是，较少可能。空格前后表示递进,故选C。2. 单选题Would you please conic and help me with this application form because I dont know how to（ ）it.问题1选项A.set asideB.set upC.set offD.set about【答案】D【解析】句意:我不知如何开始，所以你能过来帮助我做下这个申请表格不？考查短语辨析。Set aside 留出,驳回,把放在一边;set up建立;set off 出发,引起,使爆炸,抵消；set about 着手,开始做。D符合句意。3. 单选题Since the Second World War, the rivalry in military strength between the worlds great powers has produced a（ ）balanced peace.问题1选项A.peculiarlyB.radicallyC.precariouslyD.rapidly【答案】C【解析】句意:自二战以来，世界大国间的军备竞赛产生了一种不稳定的均势和平。考查副词辨析。peculiarly 尤其，古怪地；radically 根本上，彻底地；precariously危险地，不安全地，不稳定地；rapidly 迅速地，很快，立即。因此C符合句意。4. 单选题The incident（ ）press interest. Reporters from several newspapers came to interview him.问题1选项A.purchasedB.producedC.provokedD.processed【答案】C【解析】句意:这个事件引起了新闻界的兴趣。数家报社的记者前来采访他。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去式。Purchase购买,贏得; produce生产;制造;生长; provoke激怒,煽动,引起; process加工,处理;审阅,审核。故C符合句意。5. 单选题Please do not be（ ）by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.问题1选项A.disregardedB.distortedC.irritatedD.intervened【答案】C【解析】句意:他只是想引起注意，所以请不要因为他的不礼貌而生气。考查动词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。Disregard 不顾，不理。Distort 歪曲，曲解。irritate激怒，发怒。Intervene 介入，干涉，阻挠，一般作不及物动词，不可用于被动语态。根据空格后的his bad manners(他的不礼貌)可判断，C项正确。6. 单选题Those who（ ）traffic regulations should be punished.问题1选项A.rotateB.violateC.abuseD.degrade【答案】B【解析】句意:违反交通法规的那些人应该受处罚。考查动词辨析。rotate (使)旋转,转动;(工作)由轮值;violate 违反,违犯,违背(法律、协议等),侵犯(隐私等);abuse 滥用,虐待;degrade 贬低,使丢脸,使降级,使降解。因此B符合句意。7. 单选题Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little lias changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned. Ideas about social classwhether a person is working-class or middle-classis one area in which changes have been extremely slow.In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workersjobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence. The typical working man would collect his wages on Friday evening and then, it was widely believed, having given his wife her housekeeping, would go out and squander the rest on beer and betting.The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth. He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view. Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security. Only in very few cases did workers have the opportunity (or the education and training) to make such long-term plans.Nowadays, a great deal has changed. In a large number of cases factory workers earn as much, if not more, than their middle-class supervisors. Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow. Working-class people seem slowly to be losing the feeling of inferiority they had in the past. In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position.The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people. They generally tend to share very similar tastes in music and clothes, they spend their money in having a good time, and save for holidays or longer-term plans when necessary. There seems to be much less difference than in previous generations. Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid (whatever the type of job they may have) and the low-paid. As long as this gap exists, there will always be a possibility that new conflicts and jealousies will emerge, or rather that the old conflicts will re-appear, but between different groups.1.Which of the following is seen as the cause of class differences in the past?2.The writer seems to suggest that the description of（ ）is closer to truth?3.According to the passage, which of the following is not a typical feature of the middle class?4.Working-class peoples sense of security increased as a result of all the following factors except?5.Which of the following statements is incorrect?问题1选项A.life style and occupationB.Attitude and incomeC.income and job securityD.job security and hobbies问题2选项A.middle -class ways of spending moneyB.working-class ways of spending the weekendC.working-class drinking habitsD.middle-class attitudes问题3选项A.desiring for securityB.Making long term plansC.having priorities in lifeD.saving money问题4选项A.better social securityB.more job opportunitiesC.higher living standardD.better legal protection.问题5选项A.Changes are slowly taking place in all sectors of the British society.B.The gap between working-class and middle-class young people is narrowing.C.difference in income will remain but those in occupation will disappear.D.middle-class people may sometimes feel inferior to working-class people.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: In the past, the working-class tended to be paid less than middle-class people, such as teachers and doctors. As a result of this and also of the fact that workersjobs were generally much less secure, distinct differences in life-styles and attitudes came into existence (过去，工人阶级的工资往往低于中产阶级，如教师和医生。由于这一点，也由于工人的工作普遍不太稳定，生活方式和态度出现了明显的差异),因此选C “收入和工作稳定”。2.细节事实题。第三段指出: The stereotype of what a middle-class man did with his money was perhaps nearer the truth (中产阶级花钱的旧模式或许更接近真实),因此A项“中产阶级花钱的方式”正确。3.细节事实题。A: 渴望安全,C: 在生活中有优先考虑的事情,第三段指出: Not only did he regard buying a house as an important thing, but he also considered the education of his children as extremely important. Both of these provided him and his family with security (他(中产阶级) 不仅将买房子看成是一件重要的事情，且他还认为自己孩子的教育非常重耍。这两个方而为他和自己的家庭提供了安全),因此A和C属于中产阶级的典型特点。B: 制定长远的计划,由第三段“He was and still is inclined to take a longer-term view(他（即中产阶级）过去且现在仍然倾向于去采取更长远的观点)”可知B项属于中产阶级的典型特点。只有D项“攒钱”没提及,故选D。4.细节事实题。A:更好的社会保障,B: 更多的工作机会,C:更高的生活水平,D:更好的法律保护,第三段指出: Social security and laws, combined with a general rise in the standard of living since the mid-fifties of the 20th century, have made it less necessary than before to worry about tomorrow(社会保障和法律，以及 20 世纪以来生活水平的普遍提高，让大家相比以前更没有必要去担心明天),故A、C、D属于导致工人阶级安全感提升的因素。B项文章未提及。5.细节事实题。A:英国社会的各个方面都正在发生缓慢变化,第一段指出: Over the last 25 years, British society has changed a great deal or at least many parts of it have. In some ways, however, very little has changed, particularly where attitudes are concerned (过去 25 年里，英国社会发生了很大变化或至少它的很多方而发生了很大的变化，但有些方而却没什么变化),因此A项与原文不符。B: 工人阶级和中产阶级年轻人之间的差距正在缩小,由最后一段“The changes in both life-styles and attitudes are probably most easily seen amongst younger people(（工人阶级与中产阶级）在生活方式和态度上的改变可能最容易在年轻人身上被看到)”可知B与原文相符。C: 收人差异将仍然存在，但是在职业上的那些差异将会消失,最后一段指出: Nevertheless, we still have a wide gap between the well-paid （whatever the type of job they may have） and the low-paid(然而，我们在收入高的人（无论他们可能有的工作种类是什么）和收人差的人之间仍然将会有大的落差),因此C与原文相符。D: 中产阶级有时感觉不如工人阶级,第四段指出: In fact there has been a growing tendency in the past few years for the middle-classes to feel slightly ashamed of their position (实际上，在过去数年里中产阶级为自己的位置感到有些羞愧的倾向在不断增加),因此D项与原文相符。故答案选A。8. 单选题Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry, but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints. The word laser means: light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. As we all know, light is hot; any source of lightfrom the sun itself down to a humble match burningwill give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources produce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of the human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eyeball. No knives, no stitches （刀 口会逢合），no unwanted damagea true surgical wonder. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried.The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective. Altogether, tomorrow may see more and more information coming to light on the diseases which can be treated medically.1.Up until the 1960s the instruments that used to perform surgical operations were（ ）.2. After the development of the laser in the 1960s, we find that（ ）.3. The laser beam is so strong because（ ）.4. Surgeons can now carry out operations which（ ）.5. The rapid development of laser techniques has meant that（ ）.问题1选项A.fashionableB.extraordinaryC.specialD.basic问题2选项A.medical help became available for industrial workers.B.the study of art went through a complete revolution.C.more and more surgeons began using surgical instruments.D.mans whole approach to surgery changed completely问题3选项A.it is composed of a concentrated beam of lightB.its heat is increased by the heat of the sunC.it can be plugged into an ordinary light fittingD.it sends out heat in many different directions问题4选项A.can be performed successfully only on the human eyeB.result in long periods of recovery time for patientsC.are made much more complicated by using the laser beamD.result in very little damage to the patients themselves问题5选项A.in another ten years we shall be able to cure cancerB.surgery is likely to improve considerablyC.we shall be able to treat all the diseases we suffer fromD.we are now able to treat most forms of cancer【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: Later he used sharp bone or horn, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic and that was where we stuck, in surgical instrument terms, for many years (后来,人类开始使用锋利的骨头或动物的角,金属材质的刀,而最近却使用橡胶和塑料工具,多年来人类在外科器械方面驻足于此),由此可知D项“基础的”正确。2.判断推理题。A:医疗帮助变得可为产业工人所用,文章未提及。B:艺术的研究经历了彻底变革, 文章未提及。C: 来越多的外科医生开始使用外科器械, 由“The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知C不符合原文所述。D:人类的整个外科手术方式彻底地发生了改变,第一段指出: In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and industry，but which was also, in time, to revolutionize the art and science of surgery (20世纪60年代，一 种新的工具（即激光）被开发，它首先对军队和工业有重耍的实践作用，不过后来也对外科手术的各个方面带来了革命化的影响),因此D符合原文所述。本题选D。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam (然而，一束激光中的光是被聚集了。这意味着在被聚集成一个针尖大小的光朿后，具有不及一个普通的电灯所产生的能量的光就会变得极强),因此A“它由被聚集的光朿构成”正确。4.细节事实题。A: 只 能在人眼上被成功地进行, 由第二段中 “The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world, for a very large number of different complaints (这个工具是激光，而它正被全球越来越多的外科医生用在许多不同的疾病上)”可知A不符合原文所述。B: 导致病人需耍长吋间的恢复,C:因使用激光束而被变得更复杂,D: 对病人本身带来非常小的伤害,第三段指出: Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long periods of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable. So much more difficult operations can now be tried (曾经让病人筋疲力尽且需要长时间恢复的手术，现在让病人感觉放松且舒适。因此更加困难的手术现在都能被尝试),由此可知B项与C项不符合原文所述,D正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段说到: Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but more effective(或许，一些癌症将因激光以一种 让手术不仅更安全且更有效的方式而得到治疗),由此可知B项 “外科手术可能会大幅地改善”正确。9. 单选题Parents have a legal（ ）to ensure that their children are provided with sufficient education suitable to their age.问题1选项A.impulseB.influenceC.obligationD.sympathy【答案】C【解析】句意:父母要承担的法律义务是：要保证自己的小孩获得充分的适龄教育。考查名词辨析。impulse 冲动，心血来潮；influence 影响；obligation 义务，责任；sympathy 同情（心）。根据to后面的目的可知C符合句意。10. 单选题The philosophy teacher was indeed amazed by the students（ ）in handing the computer.问题1选项A.availabilityB.probabilityC.variabilityD.versatility【答案】D【解析】句意:这位哲学老师的确为这些学生在操控计算机上的多才多艺感到惊讶。考查名词辨析。Availability 可利用，可用性，有用（效）性；probability可能性，机率；variability 可变性，变异性；versatility 多功能性，多才多艺，用途广泛。因此D符合句意。11. 单选题The student said there were a few points in the essay he（ ）impossible to comprehend.问题1选项A.has foundB.was findingC.had foundD.would find【答案】C【解析】句意:这位学生称自己已经发现这篇文章中的几个论点无法理解。语法题。考查时态。题干谓语动词为一般过去时“said”,而空格处所发生的的动作在said之前,即过去的过去。因此此处应该用过去完成时。因此C正确。12. 单选题At the end of the Second World War, American spending on research and development（ ） half the worlds total; today, it has dropped to one third.问题1选项A.made upB.made forC.made up forD.made from【答案】A【解析】句意:二战结束吋，美国在研究和发展上的支出占世界在这些方面总支出的一半，如今该比例下降到了三分之一。考查短语辨析。选项均为对应短语的过去式。make up 和解，和好，组成，构成，编造，化妆，拿定主意;make for 为生产；走向，有利于，扑向；make up for 补偿，弥补，补救；make from 由制造，用制成，以谋生。13. 单选题In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients -even when those patients are their parents. This deprives the dying patient of significant family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience.Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed approximately 500 terminally ill patients in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies. Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death.1. The elders of contemporary Americans（ ）.2. Children in America today are denied the chance（ ）.3. Five hundred critically ill patients were investigated with the main purpose of（ ）.4. The need of a dying patient for company shows（ ）.5. It may be concluded from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.were often absent when a family member was born or dyingB.were quite unfamiliar with birth and deathC.usually witnessed the birth or death of a family memberD.had often experienced the fear of death as part of life问题2选项A.to learn how to face deathB.to visit dying patientsC.to attend to patientsD.to have access to a hospital问题3选项A.observing how they reacted to the crisis of deathB.helping them and their families overcome the fear of deathC.finding out their attitude towards the approach of deathD.learning how to best help them and their families问题4选项A.Iiis desire for communication with other peopleB.his fear of approaching deathC.his pessimistic attitude towards his conditionD.his reluctance to part with his family问题5选项A.dying patients are afraid of being told of the approach of deathB.most doctors and nurses understand what dying patients needC.dying patients should be truthfully informed of their conditionD.most patients are unable to accept death until it is obviously inevitable【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。第一段指出: In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life (在过去,孩子们对出生和死亡非常熟悉,是他们生活的部分),以及:This is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during the birth of a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member (现在的孩子可能是从未目睹要儿的降生和亲人的死亡的第一代美国人)。由此推断C项 “(当代美国老年人)常目击家庭成员的出生或死亡”正确。2.判断推理题。第二段指出: When they get sick we transfer them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally ill patients even when those patients are their parents (当他们生病时候就被转移到医院,而小孩却被禁止去看望甚至是自己父母的临终病人)。由此推断B项“探望临终父母”正确。3.细节事实题。第三段指出: .in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well (为了发现他们（即临终的病人）能让我们明白什么,和我们怎样能帮助他们和他们的家人),由此可知D项 “学习如何最好地帮助他们和他们的家人”正确。4.判断推理题。最后一段指出: Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble (我们采访的大多数病人欢迎另一个他们能与之坦率、真诚且坦白地谈及自己疾病的人),因此A项 “他渴望与他人交流”正确。5.判断推理题。A:临终的病人害怕被告知死亡的来临,C: 临终病人应该被诚实地告知自己的病情,最后一段指出: Many of them shared with us their tremendous need to be informed, to be kept up-to-date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near (他们（即我们采访的临终病人）中的很多人都表现出希望被告知自己的病情,希望能够了解自己病情的最新情况,并且希望知道死亡什么时候来临),由此可知A项不正确,C项正确。B:大多数医生和护士了解临终病人的需求,第四段指出: It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients communications in order to truly understand their needs, fears, and fantasies (为了真正懂得他们的需求、恐惧和梦想,了解这些病人的信息对家庭成员、医生和护士而言是重要的),因此B项不正确。D:大多数病人直到死亡己然成定局吋才接受,最后一段指出:We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the approach of death and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance prior to death (我们发现那些被公开坦诚地对待的病人在对待死亡的临近和接受死亡的问题上处理得更好),因此D项不正确。故选C。14. 单选题African-American women poets also（ ）to the literary achievement of the Harlem Renaissance, particularly in their articulation of race, class and gender issues.问题1选项A