2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第158期

2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题They agreed to leave the hill and to remove the （ ）homes on Sunday.问题1选项A.flowingB.mobileC.unstableD.drifting【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。mobile home “活动房屋”。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in theway of （ ）.问题1选项A.persuasionB.remedyC.encouragementD.compromise【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。persuasion “说服”；remedy “补救”；encouragement “鼓励”；compromise “妥协”。句意：当有人谈到自己的弱点时，听者应当对他进行鼓励。选项C符合题意。3. 翻译题中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以去贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作 了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和现今的科技成 果。【答案】The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which demonstrate the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms through fossils and specimens. The second ones are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements generated in the industrial age. These two kinds of museums, though disseminate the knowledge, regard their visitors as passive viewers.The third generation museums are filled with new concepts. Here, visitors can operate by themselves, which enables them to understand advanced technologies better and help them probe into the wonders of science and technology.4. 单选题（ ） for your help, wed never have been able to get over the difficulties.问题1选项A.Had it notB.If it were notC.Had it not beenD.If we had not been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。5. 单选题Visions are asked to （ ）with the regulations.问题1选项A.conflictB.consultC.complyD.contrast【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conflict “冲突”；consult “咨询”；comply “遵守”；contrast “对比”。句意：愿景被要求遵守于规则。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题Ours is a society that tries to keep the world sharply divided into masculine and feminine, not because that is the way the world is, but because that is the way we believe it should be. It takes unwavering belief and considerable effort to keep this division. It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language.Because we think that language also should be divided into masculine and feminine we have become very skilled at ignoring anything that will not fit our preconceptions. We would rather change what we hear than change our ideas about the gender division of the world. We will call assertive girls unfeminine, and supportive boys effeminate, and try to change them while still retaining our stereotypes of masculine and feminine talk.This is why some research on sex differences and language has been so interesting. It is an illustration of how wrong we can be. Of the many investigators who set out to find the stereotyped sex differences in language, few have had any positive results. It deems that our images of serious taciturn （沉默的）male speakers and gossipy garrulous （饶舌的）female speakers are just that: images.Many myths associated with masculine and feminine talk have had to be discarded as more has been undertaken. If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talking in d-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around.None of these characteristics of female speech have been found. And even when sex differences have been found, the question arises as to whether the difference is in the eye-or ear-of the beholder, rather than in the language.Pitch provides one example. We believe that males were meant to talk in low pitched voices while females in high pitched voices. We also believe that low pitch is more desirable. Well, it has been found that this difference cannot be explained by anatomy.If males do not speak in high pitched voices, it is not usually because they are unable to do is more likely to be that there are penalties. Males with high pitched voices are the object of ridicule. But pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to country.1.The passage implies that the authors attitude towards the division of feminine talk andmasculine talk is（ ） .2.What does the word “effeminate” (Para 2) mean?3.The author uses pitch as an example in order to indicate（ ） .4.Which of the following does NOT belong to the stereotype of feminine talk?5.Males do not speak loudly because （ ）.问题1选项A.assertiveB.snobbishC.approvingD.critical问题2选项A.UnfeminineB.PowerfulC.ObedientD.Unmasculine问题3选项A.that pitch is not a good example to explain the sex difference in languageB.that males should talk in low pitched voices and females in high pitched voicesC.that sex differences in language cannot be well illustratedD.that sex differences lies in eye of ear of the beholder, rather than in the language问题4选项A.Always using trivial wordsB.Repeat the same thing over and overC.Stop talking when the sentence is not finishedD.None of the above问题5选项A.males are unable to do soB.males are afraid of being laughed atC.high pitch is a characteristic of female speech rather than male speechD.anatomy has proved that males tend to have lower pitches than females【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话It also leads us to make some fairly foolish judgments, particularly about language，作者认为男性化与女性化的区分会导致我们做一些愚蠢的判断，所以可知作者对这种男性化谈话与女性化谈话的区分是持批判态度的。选项D符合题意。2.题干中的 effeminate意思是“柔弱的；没有男子汉气概的”，四个选项中选项D符合题意。unfeminine “不温柔的”；powerful “有力量的”；obedient “顺从的”。3.文章最后一段最后一句话but pitch is not an absolute, for what is considered the right pitch for males varies from country to country 提到每个国家男性的音调都是不同的，因此音调并不能用来判断性别之间的语言区别。选项C符合题意。4.文章第四段If females do use more trivial words than males, stop talking in d-sentence, or talk about the same things over and over again, they do not do it when investigators are around提到了女性的一些行为，由此可知选项A、B、C都属于人们对女性的刻板印象，因此选项D符合题意。5.文章最后一段倒数第二句话Males with high pitched voices are the object of ridicule提到如果男性用高音调说话会成为人家的笑柄，所以选项B符合题意。7. 单选题There is no easy solution to Japans labor（ ） .问题1选项A.declineB.vacancyC.rarityD.shortage【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。decline “下降”；vacancy “空缺，空白”；rarity “罕见；珍品”；shortage “缺少”。句意：日本劳动力不足的问题很难解决。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally（ ） .问题1选项A.deterioratedB.dissipatedC.dispersedD.drained【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。deteriorate “恶化”；dissipate “浪费”；disperse “分散”；drain“排水；耗尽”。句意：在同一份工作上干了四年，他对工作的热情慢慢耗尽了。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Trees are a renewable resource that when managed properly can（ ）our needsindefinitely.问题1选项A.sustainB.retainC.maintainD.obtain【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。sustain “维持”；retain “保持”；maintain “维持，维修”；obtain “获得”。句意：树木是可再生资源，如果管理得当，它们无限期地满足我们的需求。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green spaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green spaces in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.1.According to the author, the importance of green spaces in the urban environment2.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to （ ）.3.The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided4.According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that5.The main idea of this passage is that（ ） .问题1选项A.is still unknownB.has been fully recognizedC.is being closely studiedD.is usually neglected问题2选项A.the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhoodB.the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhoodC.relatively little attention for recreative possibilitiesD.the location of recreation facilities far from home问题3选项A.in the neighbourhood of the houseB.in the suburbsC.in special areasD.in gardens and parks问题4选项A.an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedB.more and more people might have access to themC.more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspectD.recreative activities might be brought into our homes问题5选项A.attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesB.better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our lifeC.the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years agoD.priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段at present it is generally accepted 提到关于城市绿地的功能已经被广泛接受，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段提到这种理论区分造成了对远离家庭的休闲形式的失衡的关注，和对于生活区域附近的休闲场所发展的忽略（disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home），由此得出这种区分导致人们把休闲设施的重点放在离家远的区域，所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段so it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house 提到休闲设施应该先从离家近的地方开始，所以选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段提到the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect，选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讲述了如何更好地利用小区的绿地空间来增加城市居民的生活质量，选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her （ ）for a whole week. (98/6)问题1选项A.constrainedB.dominatedC.restrictedD.occupied【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。constrained “被强迫的”；dominated “占主导地位的”；restricted “受限制的；occupied “使用中的；无空闲的”。句意：她热衷于给这个大房子重新装修，为此她会忙碌整个星期。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题The Government is likely to （ ）with the opposition on the new tax proposals.问题1选项A.encounterB.confrontC.clashD.contradict【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。encounter with “遇到”；clash with “冲突”；contradict with “相对立”；confront 后面不接 with。句意：政府可能会在新的税收提案上遭到反对。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题If we（ ） our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of raw materials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Very few scientists （ ）completely new answers to the worlds problems.问题1选项A.come up withB.come outC.come roundD.come up to【答案】A【解析】考查动词词组辨析。come up with “提出，想出”；come out “出版”；come round “苏醒；顺道拜访”；come up to “到达，等于”。句意：很少有科学家对世界性的问题提出新的回答。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under（ ） .问题1选项A.conclusionB.contributionC.continuationD.consideration【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conclusion “结论”；contribution “贡献”；continuation “继续”；consideration “考虑”。句意：目前（相关人员）正在考虑建设一个五万吨级的钢铁厂。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题The word conservation has a thrifty （节俭）meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in a living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands, soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-terms climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the meaning that it has for us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conservation should, therefore, be made a part of everyones daily life. To know about the water table （水位）in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds （上游源头森林地带集水区）need to the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of planting trees as well as of cutting them. We need to know the importance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of mans fellow creatures on this planet is figured out only in square measure of surface but also in cubit volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.1.The authors attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is（ ） .2.According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that（ ） .3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generations didnt realize（ ） .4.To avoid correcting the mistake of our forefathers, the author suggests that （ ）.5.Whats the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.positiveB.neutralC.suspiciousD.critical问题2选项A.they had no idea about scientific forestryB.they had little or no sense of environmental protectionC.they were not aware of the significance of nature studyD.they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials问题3选项A.the interdependence of water, soil, and living thingsB.the importance of the proper use of landC.the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floodsD.the value of the beauty of nature问题4选项A.we plant more treesB.natural science be taught to everybodyC.environmental education be directed toward everyoneD.we return to nature问题5选项A.Our Forefathers Big MistakeB.Improve the Living ConditionsC.Protection of Our ResourcesD.Lead a Simple Life【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.文章第一段第三句most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible” 提到很多人直到现在还愚蠢地以为那些资源是取之不尽用之不竭的，从 foolish这个单词可知作者对此持批判态度。选项D符合题意。2.文章第二段主要讲述由于几十年前林业科学还是一门没有普及的学科，使得我们的祖先们没有好好保护环境。四个选项中，A, C, D三个选项可以归纳为当时的人还没有环保意识，所以选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段最后一句话In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can 提到我们应该把保存自然原始的美作为目标，由此推断我们的祖先当时没有把这个当成目标，选项D符合题意。4.文章最后一段使用了多次 we need to know, we need to be taught 等，可知作者提倡使用教育的方法来提高人们的科学知识。选项B符合题意。5.文章反复强调 conserve, conservation 这两个词，可知作者所要表达的中心思想便是保护环境资源。选项C符合题意。17. 单选题The direction were so（ ） that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious “有独创性的”；ambitious “有野心的”；notorious “臭名昭著的”；ambiguous “模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题If we （ ）our relations with that country, well have to find another supplier of rawmaterials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。选项C符合题意。19. 单选题Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。20. 单选题Generally, it is only when animals are trapped that they （ ）to violence in order toescape.问题1选项A.proceedB.appealC.resortD.incline【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。proceed “开始”；appeal “呼吁，请求”；resort “诉诸”；incline “倾向”。句意：通常，动物只有在他们受困想要逃跑的情况下才会采取攻击行为。选项C符合题意。