2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷60（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-西南科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Land belongs to the city; there is（ ）thing as private ownership of land.问题1选项A.no such aB.not suchC.not a suchD.no such【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。there is no such thing as是习惯用法，意思为“没有这样的事”。句意：土地归城市所有，没有土地私有这回事。因此，本题的正确选项是D选项。2. 单选题She was so fat that she could only just（ ）through the door.问题1选项A.assembleB.appearC.squeezeD.gather【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。考查动词辨析。A选项assemble“集合，聚集”；B选项appear “出现，显得”；C选项squeeze“挤，紧握，勒索，压榨，使挤进”；D选项gather“收集，聚集”。句意：她太胖了，身体仅能勉强挤过门。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。3. 单选题In the case of mobile phones, change is everything. Recent research indicates that the mobile phone is changing not only our culture, but our very bodies as well.First. Lets talk about culture. The difference between the mobile phone and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that a mobile number corresponds to a person, while a landline goes to a place. If you call my mobile, you get me. If you call my fixed-line phone, you get whoever answers it.This has several implications. The most common one, however, and perhaps the thing that has changed our culture forever, is the “meeting” influence. People no longer need to make firm plans about when and where to meet. Twenty years ago, a Friday night would need to be arranged in advance. You needed enough time to allow everyone to get from their place of work to the first meeting place. Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”，but “text me around 8 and well see where we all are” .Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”，two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users: the “talkers” and the “texters” those who prefer voice to text message and those who prefer text to voice.They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality. Texters were likely to report that their family would be surprised if they were to read their texts. This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.Another scientist wrote of the changes that mobiles have brought to body language. There are two kinds that people use while speaking on the phone. There is the “speakeasy”: the head is held high, in a self-confident way, chatting away. And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.Who can blame them? Phone meetings get cancelled or reformed and camera-phones intrude on peoples privacy. So, it is understandable if your mobile makes you nervous. But perhaps you neednt worry so much. After all, it is good to talk.1. When people plan to meet nowadays, they（ ）.2. According to the two British researchers, the social and psychological effect are most likely to be seen on（ ）.3. We can infer from the passage that the texts sent by texters are（ ）.4. According to the passage, who is afraid of being heard while talking on the mobile?5. An appropriate title for the passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.arrange the meeting place beforehandB.postpone fixing the place till last minuteC.seldom care about when and where to meetD.still love to work out detailed meeting plans问题2选项A.talkersB.the “speakeasy”C.the “spacemaker”D.texters问题3选项A.quite revealingB.well writtenC.unacceptable by othersD.shocking to others问题4选项A.talkersB.the speakeasyC.the spacemakerD.texters问题5选项A.The SMS EffectB.Cultural Implication of Mobile Phone UseC.Change in the Use of the MobileD.Body Language and the Mobile Phone【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：现在当人们计划碰面，他们_。由题干可以定位到第三段最后一句话Now, however, a night out can be arranged on the run. It is no longer “see you there at 8”, but “ text me around 8 and well see where we all are”（不过，现在可以匆忙之下也可以安排一个晚上出去。不再是“8点见”，而是“8点左右给我发短信，看看我们都在哪儿了”），说明现在的约会不会提前安排地点，而是根据情况最后决定，所以B选项“推迟到最后一分钟再固定地点”，正确；A选项“事先安排好见面地点”，那是以前的做法，故排除；C选项“很少关心何时何地见面”，会关心时间和地点，只是不会提前确定，所以C选项也不正确；D选项“仍然喜欢制定详细的见面计划”，和文章表达的意思不符合。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。2.事实细节题。题干：据这两位英国研究人员说，社会和心理影响最有可能在_上看到。由题干中的“two British researchers”和“Social and Psychological Effects”定位至第四段Texting changes people as well. In their paper, “Insights into the Social and Psychological Effects of SMS Text Messaging”, two British researchers distinguished between two types of mobile phone users:（短信也改变了人们。两位英国研究人员在他们的论文短信对社会和心理的影响中区分了两种类型的手机用户），可知两个英国的研究人员认为短信可以看见社会和心理的影响，D选项“爱好发短信的人”，符合题意；A选项“talkers”指的是喜欢发语音信息的人；B选项“speakeasy”指的是好说型，边走边说；C选项“spacemaker”指的是关注自己而且防止别人进入的人，A，B，C选项均不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为D选项。3.细节判断题。通过文章可知，爱好发短信的人发的短信_。第五段首句指出They found that the mobile phones individuality and privacy gave texters the ability to express a whole new outer personality.（手机的个性化和隐私性使得短信用户能够展示一个具有全新个性的自我。），第二句明确提到，如果家人看了他们的短信后，反应是would be surprised，而C选项“不能被他人接受”和“令他人震惊”同义。但是，本题考查推断得出的信息，由此排除C和D；第五段第三句话This suggests that texting allowed texters to present a self-image that differed from the one familiar to those who knew them well.（这表明，发短信的人所呈现的自我形象与熟悉他们的人所熟悉的形象有所不同。），可以推断出A选项“揭露事实的，暴露真相的”即通过短信的内容可以了解手机用户的真实性格和特点，正确；B选项“书写很好”在文中无相关论述。综上所述，本题的正确答案为A选项。4.推理判断题。题干：通过文章可知，谁害怕在打电话时被听到？根据倒数第二段最后一句话And there is the “spacemaker”: these people focus on themselves and keep out other people.（这些人关注自己而且防止别人进入。），根据这句话说明the“spacemaker”在用电话交流的时候是怕被别人听到的，所以C选项正确。A选项“talkers”指的是喜欢发语音信息的人，这类人不会害怕对话被听到；B选项“speakeasy”指的是好说型，边走边说，不符合题意；D选项“texters”指的是用短信表达想法的人，不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案为C选项。5.主旨大意题。题干：文章最合适的标题是_。本文开篇点题，第一段指出在移动电话的情况下，一切都变了。最近的研究表明，手机不仅改变了我们的文化，而且也改变了我们的身体，接下来文章分别从文化和身体方面进行了介绍。第三段首句指出This has several implications（这有几个含义），可知这篇文章讲的是使用手机的文化含义，所以B选项“手机使用的文化含义”正确；A选项“短信服务的影响”和D选项“肢体语言和手机”，都比较片面；C选项“使用手机的变化”在文中并没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案为B选项。4. 单选题The mechanic jacked up the car and then（ ）to change the tire.问题1选项A.advancedB.wentC.movedD.proceeded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项advanced“提出，前进”；B选项went“达到，运转”；C选项moved“移动，搬动”；D选项proceeded“继续，进行”。句意：机械工用千斤顶把汽车顶起来，然后开始换轮胎。由选项意思和句意可知，D选项符合句意。5. 单选题Last year, Matt earned（ ）his brother, who has a better position.问题1选项A.twice as much asB.twice as many asC.twice more asD.twice as more as【答案】A【解析】考查倍数的表达。1.倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+其它。这种结构又常演变成下列两类：倍数+as+ many+可数名词复数+as；倍数+as+much+不可数名词+as。如:There are seven times as many people as I expected.（是我预料的人数的七倍。），There is five times as much coffee in this glass as in that one.（这个杯子里的咖啡是那个杯子里的五倍。），这个句子前半句说马特赚得比他哥哥多，肯定是钱money赚得多，而money是不可数，所以不能用many，排除B选项。没有C，D选项的用法。句意：去年马特比他哥哥赚得多两倍，而他哥哥的职位比他高。综上所述，本题的正确答案是A选项。6. 单选题Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming “demographic cliff” will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labor force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world. Within the EU the number of workers aged between 50 and 64 will increase by 25% over the next two decades, while those aged 20-29 will decrease by 20%. In Japan almost 20% of the population is already over 65, the highest share in the world. And in the United States the number of workers aged 55-64 will have increased by more than half in this decade, at the same time as the 35-to-44-year-olds decline by 10%.Given that most societies are geared to retirement at around 65，companies have a looming problem of knowledge management, of making sure that the boomers do not leave before they have handed over their expertise along with the office keys and their e-mail address. A survey of human-resources directors by IBM last year concluded: “When the baby-boomer generation retires, many companies will find out too late that a careers worth of experience has walked out the door, leaving insufficient talent to fill in the void.”Some also face a shortage of expertise. In aerospace and defense, for example, as much as 40% of the workforce in some companies will be eligible to retire within the next five years. At the same time, the number of engineering graduates in developed countries is in steep decline.A few companies are so squeezed that they are already taking exceptional measures. Earlier this year the Los Angeles Times interviewed an enterprising Australian who was staying in Beverly Hills while he tried to persuade locals to emigrate to Toowoomba, Queensland, to work for his engineering company there. Toowoomba today; the rest of the developed world tomorrow?If you look hard enough, you can find companies that have begun to adapt the workplace to older workers. The AARP, an American association for the over-50s, produces an annual list of the best employers of its members. Health-care firms invariably come near the top because they are one of the industries most in need of skilled labor. Other sectors similarly affected, says the Conference Board, include oil, gas, energy and government.Near the top of the AARP s latest list comes Deere & Company, a no-nonsense industrial-equipment manufacturer based in Illinois; about 35% of Deere s 46,000 employees are over 50 and a number of them are in their 70s. The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working, telecommuting, and so forth also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. The company spends “a lot of time” on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.Likewise, for more than a decade, Toyota, arguably the worlds most advanced manufacturer, has adapted its workstations to older workers. The shortage of skilled labor available to the automotive industry has made it unusually keen to recruit older workers. BMW recently set up a factory in Leipzig that expressly set out to employ people over the age of 45.Needs must when the devil drives. Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. IBM uses its network to recruit retired people for particular projects. Ernst & Young, a professional-services firm, has about 30,000 registered alumni, and about 25% of its “experienced” new recruits are former employees who return after an absence.But such examples are unusual. A survey in America last month by Ernst & Young found that “although corporate America foresees a significant workforce shortage as boomers retire, it is not dealing with the issue.” Almost three-quarters of the 1,400 global companies questioned by Deloitte last year said they expected a shortage of salaried staff over the next three to five years. Yet few of them are looking to older workers to fill that shortage; and even fewer are looking to them to fill another gap that has already appeared. Many firms in Europe and America complain that they struggle to find qualified directors for their boards when the pool of retired talent from those very same firms is growing by leaps and bounds.Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labor. The participation of developing countries in the world economy has increased the overall supplywhatever the local effect of demographics in the rich countries. A vast amount of work is being sent offshore to such places as China and India and more will go in future. Some countries, such as Australia, are relaxing their immigration policies to allow much needed skills to come in from abroad. Others will avoid the need for workers by spending money on machinery and automation.1. According to the passage, the most serious consequence of baby-boomers approaching retirement would be（ ）.2. The following are all the measures that companies have adopted to cope with the ageing workforce EXCEPT（ ）.3. “The company spends a lot of time on the ergonomics of its factories” means that（ ）.4. In the authors opinion,American firms are not doing anything to deal with the issue of the ageing workforce mainly because（ ）.5. Which of the following best describes the authors development of argument?问题1选项A.a loss of knowledge and experience to many companiesB.a decrease in the number of 35-to-44-year-oldsC.a continuous increase in the number of 50-to-64-year-oldsD.its impact on the developed world whose workforce is ageing问题2选项A.making places of work accommodate the needs of older workersB.using alumni networks to hire retired former employeesC.encouraging former employees to work overseasD.granting more convenience in working hours to older workers问题3选项A.the company attaches great importance to the layout of its factoriesB.the company improves the working conditions in its factoriesC.the company attempts to reduce production costs of its factoriesD.the company intends to renovate its factories and update equipment问题4选项A.they have not been aware of the problemB.they are reluctant to hire older workersC.they are not sure of what they should doD.they have other options to consider问题5选项A.introducing the issueciting ways to deal with the issuedescribing the actual statusoffering reasons.B.describing the actual statusintroducing the issueciting ways to deal with the issueoffering reasons.C.citing ways to deal with the issueintroducing the issuedescribing the actual statusoffering reasons.D.describing the actual statusoffering reasons-introducing the issueciting ways to deal with the issue.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。题干：根据文章，婴儿潮一代（指出生于生育高峰期的人，生育高峰儿），即将退休的最严重后果将是_。根据题干定位到第一段第一句话Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60. The bulky generation born between 1946 and 1964 is heading towards retirement. The looming “demographic cliff” will see vast numbers of skilled workers dispatched from the labor force. The workforce is ageing across the rich world.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日。1946年至1964年出生的庞大一代正走向退休。即将出现的“人口悬崖”将导致大量熟练工人从劳动力市场流失。发达国家的劳动力都在老龄化。），所以D选项“它对劳动力老龄化的发达国家的影响”，符合题意。A选项“对许多公司来说是知识和经验的损失”，在文中并未提及，故排除。B选项“35-44岁人数的减少”，C选项“50-64岁人数的持续增长”，都是工人年龄未来的趋势而不是后果，所以不符合题意。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。2.推理判断题。题干：以下是各公司为应付劳动力老化而采取的所有措施，除了_。根据文章第六段第二句话The tools it uses to achieve that flexible working, telecommuting, and so forth also coincidentally help older workers to extend their working lives. （用来实现这一目标的工具灵活工作、远程办公等等也巧合地帮助了年长的员工延长了他们的工作寿命。），可知A选项“使工作场所适应年长工人的需要”和D选项“给年长的工人在工作时间上提供更多的便利”，是公司采取的措施，故排除A，D选项。根据文章第八段第二句话Other firms are polishing their alumni networks. （其他公司也在完善他们的校友网络），可知B选项“利用校友网络来雇佣退休的前雇员”，也是公司采取的措施之一。只有C选项“鼓励前雇员到海外工作”，在文中没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是C选项。3.推理判断题。题干：“公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了大量时间”，意味着_。根据题干定位到文章第六段最后一句话The company spends “a lot of time” on the ergonomics of its factories, making jobs there less tiring, which enables older workers to stay at them for longer.（该公司在工厂的人体工程学上花费了“大量时间”，使那里的工作不那么累人，从而使年老的工人在那里呆的时间更长。），A选项“公司非常重视工厂的布局”，B选项“公司改善了工厂的工作条件”，C选项“公司试图降低工厂的生产成本”，D选项“公司打算更新工厂和设备”，以上选项只有B选项才能是在人体工程学的基础上使工作不那么累人。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。4.事实细节题。题干：在作者看来，美国公司没有采取任何措施来解决劳动力老龄化问题，主要是因为_。根据题干定位到文章最后一段第一句话Why are firms not working harder to keep old employees? Part of the reason is that the crunch has been beyond the horizon of most managers. Nor is hanging on to older workers the only way to cope with a falling supply of labor. （为什么公司不努力留住老员工？部分原因是，问题已经超出了大多数管理者的能力范围。抓住老员工不放也不是应对劳动力供应下降的唯一办法。），所以D选项“他们会考虑其他选择”符合题意。A选项“他们还没有意识到这个问题”，B选项“他们不愿意雇佣年长的工人”和C选项“他们不确定他们应该做什么”，在文中均没有提及。综上所述，本题的正确答案是D选项。5.推理判断题。题干：下面哪一个最好地描述了作者的论证过程？文章第一段第一句话就引出话题，描述现状Last month the first baby-boomers turned 60.（上个月，婴儿潮一代迎来了60岁生日）。接下来第一、二、三段具体展开了带来的问题。第四、五、六、七、八段都在说明公司采取的一些措施，第九，十段则是在说明公司对劳动力老龄化问题不采取措施的原因，所以只有B选项符合文章的论述过程。综上所述，本题的正确答案是B选项。7. 单选题Look, we are in such an awful situation. Id rather you（ ）the data from the Internet yesterday.问题1选项A.hadnt downloadedB.didnt downloadC.werent downloadingD.havent downloaded【答案】A【解析】虚拟语气。would rather（宁愿）+宾语从句，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与过去事实相反，谓语动词用had+过去分词，故本题的正确答案是A选项。8. 单选题Good salesmen know by（ ）the best approach to take with a particular customer.问题1选项A.bentB.geniusC.instinctD.faculty【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项bent“天赋，爱好”；B选项genius“天才，天赋”；C选项instinct“本能，直觉”；D选项faculty“能力，功能”。句意：优秀的推销员凭直觉就知道应对特定客户的最佳方法。由选项意思，固定搭配和句意可知，C选项符合句意。9. 单选题Whether you are logging on to your personal computer, using a credit card, or disarming a door security system, passwords or PINs (personal identification numbers) guard access to numerous regular operations.It is estimated that within ten years, consumers could be faced with handling more than 100 passwords! Given the popularity of passwords, how can you choose ones that are sufficiently complicated to be secure yet are simple enough to remember?There are basic guidelines to bear in mind. Dont use as a password your name or that of a member of your family, even in modified form. Also avoid using your telephone number, your Social Security number, or your address. Such information can easily be obtained by a determined hacker.In addition, if possible, dont use passwords made up entirely of letters or digits. A relatively simple computer program can crack such a code quickly. Finally, do not use a word that can be found in any dictionary, even a foreign-language one. Huge lists are available that contain words, place names, and proper names from all languages. Programs can test for variations of these words, such as if they are spelled backward, capitalized, or combined.So, what kinds of passwords should be used? Usually ones that have a minimum of six to eight characters and that have a mixture of upper-and lower-case letters, digit and punctuation symbols. How difficult is it to crack such a combination of characters? One source says, “A machine that could try one million passwords per second would require, on the average, over one hundred years.”How can you choose a combination that is easy to remember? Some suggest that you take the title of a favorite book or film or a line from a song or poem and use the first letter from each word as your password, adding capital letters, punctuation, or other characters. For example, “to be or not be” could become “2B/not 2B.”Other suggestions include taking two short words and link them with a punctuation character, such as “High? Bug” or “Song; Tree”.Taking into account the suggestions outlined above can help you to protect important information from unwanted hackers. Remember, too, the importance of changing your passwords regularly. Just a final comment: Whatever passwords you decide to use, dont pick any of the examples given above.1. What is the main idea of this passage?2. Why shouldnt we use a word that can be found in any dictionary as a password?3. If you are choosing a password for your computer, which of the following is the best choice?4. How can you choose a password that is both secure and simple to remember?5. The word “Given” in Paragraph 2 can be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.How to strengthen security through a password.B.How to choose a password that is easy to remember.C.How to prevent your password from being cracked.D.How to choose a safe and convenient password.问题2选项A.Because it can be easily remembered by a computer hacker.B.Because computer programs can crack it.C.Because computer hackers are determined to crack it.D.Because the lists are so huge that the words are not easy to remember.问题3选项A.iaHgnahsB.19730508C.2B/not 2BD.Re-B, pl2问题4选项A.Taking the title of your favorite book or film.B.Taking a line from a song or poem you like be